Ntaka V-12: iimpawu kunye photo

Imbali ye-ntaka kwilizwe lethu iingcambu ezendeleyo bada baya kufikelela umva njengoko ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ngelishwa, owokuqala eSoviet Union kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa ntaka abazange ukunika ukuba kubangele umsantsa ebalulekileyo kunye US. Yonke into yatshintsha emva yaseKorea kweMfazwe. Emva koko kwenzeka ukuba amaMelika kahle eliphezulu usebenzisa ntaka imisebenzi kwesimo kunye ngabom. Ngoko ke, zobunkokeli lizwe ayalela ukuba nangoko atsho uphuhliso ntaka zasekhaya.

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela edume MI-6 sadalwa, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "cow". De kube ngoku, le ntaka kucingwa ukuba intshatsheli phakathi ntaka kubukhulu yeetoni of umthwalo. Kodwa bambalwa siyazi ukuba eSoviet Union wadalwa ngomnye ntaka kunye B-12 (eyaziwa ngokuba MI-12), amandla leyo ngaphezu koko edume "yenkomo!"

inkcazelo emfutshane malunga nokudalwa matshini

Emva ekudaleni Mi-6 isigebenga ngokwenene, zonke iinjineli eziphambili kunye nabayili OKB ekhokelwa M. L. Milem waqhubeka ukucinga ukuba kungenzeka yokwandisa ubungakanani kunye ubunzima ntaka ukuba akakhange azisebenzise. Ukongeza, umkhosi kunye noqoqosho lwesizwe njengoko umoya kufuneka moya entsha. waba ulwalathiso waxhuzula-off ukuba nkqo, kwaye ukukwazi ukuthutha imithwalo - iitoni ezingama-20 okanye ngaphezulu. Umthetho top Mil wanikwa "ezinokufumaneka Blanche" ukuphuhlisa ntaka entsha, ukudalwa eyathi yasungulwa ngo-1959.

Ngowe-1961 ukuba ukhuphe imiqathango yogunyaziso elinikiweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokudalwa ntaka ekwaziyo uyaziphakamisa imithwalo anobunzima hayi ngaphantsi kwe-20 okanye nge-25. Nodla ntaka V-12 - alikho kumda izicelo ze emkhosini waseSoviet kunye namafama. Ngoko, ngexesha elifanayo iziko belwenziwe inguqulelo kumatshini, ekwaziyo uyaziphakamisa iitoni 40 imithwalo (B-16 / Mi-16). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iiprojekthi ezifanayo ziye bafunda kunye amaMelika, kodwa bayaqhubeka imizobo abazange bayifumane. Kodwa umsebenzi Mil ekugqibeleni baqiniseka iKomiti Central of Communist Party ngokwenyani ukudaleka ntaka enjalo.

Ngowe-1962, umsebenzi zobugcisa waphinda iguqulwe kancinane. Iinjineli bayalelwa ukuba bajolise ekudaleni ntaka kunye ndlwana imithwalo, efanayo iimpawu nolo lo moya OKB isemoyeni. Bekucingelwa ukuba umatshini omtsha luya kusetyenziswa, kuquka i-elide kumgama ukuthuthwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo emkhosini, kuquka imizekelo imijukujelwa enjalo ballistic 8K67, 8K75 kunye 8K82. Nantso into qamba ntaka Mi-12 ngokuyintloko iinjongo zomkhosi oko.

Iinguqulelo zokuqala layout

Phantse zonke izifundo izikhanyiso ntaka zasekhaya Western babekholelwa ukuba indalo le ntaka enjalo zivunywa kakuhle zahlolwa kakuhle nezingqinekayo scheme longitudinal. Ngenxa Yak-24 wasiwa ukukhangela amathuba zalo emkhosini. Kwaye US ngqo lo wathola "iBoeing-ë» V-44. It iinjineli umzekelo abo ehlabathini yokwenene baye bahlola ingxaki legalelo ofanayo kwezinye rotors ngalinye. Abo yesakhono efunekayo ukuze ufumanise ukuba baziphathe njani motor nje ezimbini kwiimeko moya ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza njengoko kuba nenzuzo kakhulu ukuthatha eli thuba zilinikiweyo wesekethe longitudinal, siwuyeke kuneengxaki zawo ezinkulu. Uphawu lwe-B-12 baba ngezikhonkwane ilungelelaniswe. Ukususela kwixesha uvavanyo kukho ingozi yokuba ethwele izinto ukudibana zaye zachongwa, kwafuneka ukuba ibekwe ukufana ubuncinane. Kuba oku babeze ukuncama ezinye iimpawu ashukimisayo ngayo umatshini omtsha.

Ngenxa yoko, le fuselage kwaphela ukuba zanelisa iinkcukacha zobugcisa, njengoko waba mkhulu kakhulu kangaka. Kodwa nkqu oku Inyaniso indlala iphambili yale design. iinjineli Basic nokuba kuyabulala miscalculation walala yokuba isibalo umoya kwiqela elinye injini baba phantse kufutshane qeda yokuphuma enye. Sele kwezi mvavanyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iinjini kwezi meko kungenzeka ukuba ukuphuhlisa kwakhula. Kwaye xa moya yokwenene zevenkile izaliswe nelahleko okwexeshana kolawulo. Ngoko ke, i Mi-12 - i-ntaka, ukuyilwa apho abayili sijamelene neengxaki ezininzi.

Ukongeza, uhlalutyo ngakumbi kwenkqubo longitudinal kuye kwakhokelela kwisigqibo kwezinye: ayithethi ukuba ukuphumeza kunokwenzeka flight yophahla aphezulu. Isantya Ubunzima umthwalo ekufuneka iphakanyiswe kwaye abazange ukuya umhlathi. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho ukusilela zimbini iinjini ezine umatshini owayo ukuwa. Kwaye oko kwabonisa ukuba xa eluphahleni moya, yaye xa ukwinqwelo-kwiimeko eziphantsi ubushushu, amandla iinjini yehliswe kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto abathungi beesekethe longitudinal ngamxhelo wagqiba kuyilandulela.

yophando oluqhubekayo

Sam ML Mil yacebisa ukuba uhlaselwa ingqalelo yethemba kwezinye amacebo ubume fuselage. Okokuqala, iingcali ecetywayo ukusetyenziswa kakuhle behlolisisa yezitshixo enye, ivili. Kodwa kwafumaniseka ukuba cebo nge plane jet-enikwe ukuba anikezele (ngenxa ubukhulu mfuneko enkulu) iimvavanyo ezilandelayo. Kodwa i mechanical drive yajika ukuba iqhinga. Ngexesha uvavanyo kwafunyaniswa ukuba uyilo iiseyile ujika inzima kakhulu. Okokuqala, lo mngeni ukuzama ukumelana, ngokuthatha izixhobo ezimbini eqhelekileyo ye Mi-6 yaye ukuwabeka phezu umngxuma inkxaso.

Ukuze kumgangatho iinjineli nokuba isetyenziselwa uyilo umgangatho Screw ivutha Ni-6. Kulo mzekelo lodwa iincam inboard zobude enkulu. Ngoko ke i-B-12 (ntaka) bazama kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze zivumelane neminye imizekelo sobugcisa ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko indalo kwayo nolondolozo. Awu, ngendlela ngexesha ukwenza into efana nale kwaba nzima. Ku lakhetha ukuqalisa ukuvelisa turbine ibekwe ngokukhululekileyo shaft nkqo. Ngaloo ndlela ibekwe ngqo phantsi izixhobo ephambili. Le generator gas enxulumene noko ngokusebenzisa yemibhobho okhethekileyo.

Kulo ngobuwena, i-injini ngokwayo isinyanzeliso lula kakhulu, kuba akukho iyafuneka iigiyeri Wotho ngakumbi. Ingxaki yayikukuba imveliso ye-phantsi ngesantya gearbox enobubanzi ngaphezulu kancinane kweemitha ezine - nayo kunzima kakhulu lo msebenzi. Eneneni, le yokugqibela awayekade self-kwintshabalalo. Mhlawumbi, ngasendleleni, ukuba ngengozi ntaka eSyria (04.12.16.) Kwavela ngenxa yokuba ukungaphumeleli reducer motor.

Ukufika indlela ezinqamlezayo lwesakhiwo igobhogobho

Xa zonke ezi mingeni ezithile, ngowe-1962 iingcali OKB Mil ekugqibeleni bagqiba ekubeni bayeke ingcamango "experimenti-injini enye." Ke wabuyela Udweliso iinjini ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha kwagqitywa ekubeni sisebenze ngaphandle eyongeziweyo lobeko kunye ilungiselelo ezinqamlezayo injini. Ngaloo ndlela waba ntaka, "12", nto leyo eye iifoto kweli nqaku.

Kakade ke, ukuba akenzanga kulo mzekelo ngaphandle iingxaki. Konke oku yandiswa ngumba wokuba ukuba ntaka kule ubungakanani kweli hlabathi akukho namnye wakha yakhiwa. Ngako oko ke, iinjineli eSoviet kwafuneka ukuba umsebenzi onzima ngoovulindlela. Noko ke, izazinzulu kumazwe Western ngokuphindaphindiweyo baye bazama ukwenza rotorcraft ngenxa kwesi skim. Kodwa sinale ngokuphindaphindiweyo ndoyisiwe.

Nkqu inani leengcali zasekhaya TsAGI wayekholelwa ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuzixakekisa ilungiselelo ezinqamlezayo yeemowutha. Of Mile kunye noogxa bakhe abazange lali-. Iingcali abanobuchule ngokuzithemba udale idrafti yokuqala kwaye zingqineke nokubanakho phambi kokuba umsebenzi karhulumente. Emva koko, le ntaka inkulu ehlabathini Mi-12, waba 'isiqalo ebomini. "

Yilwa ne lokungcangcazela

Kwakhona, iqela lusebenze ingqalelo amava angathethekiyo urhwebe abasebenzi OKB I. P. Bratuhina. Eyona esinzima kuyilo ukukhanya ngokwaneleyo kunye namaqela eyomeleleyo consoles elijikelezayo. Option nge iphiko ebuxande classic moya kwafuneka nje ukuze zilahlwe, ekubeni imilinganiselo efunekayo ye-ntaka kule ndawo loyilo ufumana unzima nengenakusebenziseka. Kwafuneka ukudala iconsole owawuza kuba ngokupheleleyo wasinda iingxaki ezivelayo intlokoma ngumdla othuke kunye nezinye instabilities. Kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu amathuba yokuphuhlisa lomoya livakale onamandla, leyo ingakumbi baboniswa ngezikhonkwane kwisiseko ilastiki. Ngenxa yoko, le ntaka V-12, iimpawu apho achaza, kwafuneka yonke ithuba kuwa ngaphandle emoyeni.

Xa kwagqitywa ukusebenza kunye AMAGQABAZA ▸ yokuqala, iimvavanyo zokuqala, kwagqitywa ukuphumeza ngqo kule venkile, ngoko iingxaki erhabaxa, ukuba kukho nayiphi na, ukuba alungise kwangoko, ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha. Ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo zibhabha, nemitya ezikhethekileyo obuluqilima imishini zaqina njengokungathi resonant ezivela njengokujikeleza Screw yayisetyenziswa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqu uwedwa wayila bonke abaqeshwa ngokulula ukuvuza, njengoko akukho nto injengaleyo kushishino moya zehlabathi azikhange kuqhutywa. Kungekudala emva kokuba iziphumo kwaqinisekisa ukuchaneka izibalo. Kwaye ngo-1967 wafunyanwa bazilungela ngokupheleleyo ukuba iimvavanyo moya eyona ntaka.

iimpawu Isiseko se-ntaka

Ngoko ke, le ntaka V-12 yaba oomatshini emine-and-ezothutho, wakha phezu revolution emnqamlezweni-icandelo umzobo. Rotor ziye abolekwe MI-6. Bathi sakuncanyathiselwa kwisiphelo elide cantilever. Ngelishwa, le isigqibo alichanekanga ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba i Mi-6 esijijwayo, nto leyo nayo ubungakanani elincinane kakhulu, ibingonelanga ngokucacileyo. Kwafuneka ndizinyanzele weenjini. Okunye ngqo, EDO Solov'eva wadala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo A motor-25F, ogama amandla landiswa nangoko ukuya iilitha 6500. a. I akunangxaki ngamaphiko, nezinika ngomsebenzi ogqwesileyo ashukimisayo wanikela icandelo cross ezimilise V-.

Ngqo kwicandelo iziko scripting reducer uyilo olululo, ezisetyenziswa ezinjengokwaphuka transmission shaft. yokuvelela kweli sebe ayikho ungqamaniso ogqibeleleyo zonke ngezikhonkwane, kwaye umsebenzi ogqwesileyo le swash kunye nesakhono ukuze asasaze ukuthwalisana ukuze ivumela ukubhabha kwanaxa iinjini ezimbini ayiphumelelanga kwicala elinye! Fuel ezimpontshelwa kokubini nephiko kunye kwamatanki ezahlukeneyo imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. Ukusebenza izisombululo ezinjalo sele eqinisekisiwe njengoko ntaka inkulu ehlabathini Mi-12 wenza ngexesha elinye-moya ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Ahtubinsk.

Iimpawu ze fuselage

Le fuselage yenziwa ngokwe ingqiqo scheme monocoque. Njengokuba kuchazwe wabeka omnye iingcali basemzini evunyelwa ukuba ahlole ntaka, ngaphakathi, kwaba ngathi "Cathedral ingxilimbela zwe." I kuyo yonke phambi crew ndlwana, nto leyo enemigangatho emibini, kunye nokunika intuthuzelo nanto ngexesha ukuba abaqhubi. Xa zizonke, kwakukho ezintandathu abasebenzi chelochek. Kwaye abane kubo akhiwe kumgangatho wokuqala, yaye abanye - phezu wesibini. Umsila inxenye ke igqampe leri amandla nokuvala caba.

Oku kuyilwa ivumela (usebenzisa winches ezinamandla zombane) ukukhulisa kwibhodi nokuba amatanki ukukhanya, hayi isicelo kule umgudu omkhulu. Ngapha koko, le ntaka V-12, ukuqeshwa ogama kuphela emkhosini, kwafuneka ukuba elo thuba. Eli gumbi omkhulu engundoqo nakho ukwamkela amajoni malunga 200 ngesantya ngokupheleleyo kwaye 158 balimala (phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi ubuncinane ¾ baba phezu lokukhwelisa). Yayikumgama phantsi umsila fuselage, ezenziwe uhlobo moya, ifakwe bekwilift. Ingakumbi obalulekileyo zemithi, unako ukuphucula kakhulu ukuchana ntaka zolawulo ibhabha. Wayesebenza ngokusebenzisa synchronizer ngokudibene indlela yokulawula ingxolo ngezikhonkwane.

Ngokubanzi, wesiphaluka ulawulo B-12 kususela wahlala umgangatho zonke ntaka ne design cross. Ngoko ke, i lift yaye kulawulwa kanye rotors eziguquguqukayo-yitela. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukulawula umkhethe le ntaka. Oomashini babejongene intsebenzo zokulinganisa longitudinal, pitch elibujikele (utshintsho ngendlela elungileyo yokusebenza) ulungise indlela sesindululo le ntaka.

Ukhuseleko - First!

Yonke inkqubo yolawulo ntaka kunye nokufakelwa yenzelwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo ingozi ukufiphala kunye namazinga aphezulu kunobunye kunokwenzeka. Oko kukuthi, ugxininiso ubekwe kwi ekunene ukunxiba ukuxhathisa. Uyilelwe ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Ngoko, kwakukho yokukhulisa zaseprayimari nasesekondari ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, kunye nentaphane synchronizers oluzenzekelayo; lula kakhulu kolawulo le ntaka kunye iinjini ezine. Inkqubo ephambili ngamanzi ligcinwe kwindawo enye njengoko gearbox ephambili. Eyona yokukhulisa ebalulekileyo, ukongeza, iphenjelelwa iinkqubo back-up, ibekwe ekunene kunye nacelles ekhohlo. Xa iyonke kukho iinkqubo ezintathu hydraulic. Ngamnye kubo nje azimele ngokupheleleyo, kodwa zenze into ngokwahlukileyo. Ngamafutshane, le ntaka inkulu ehlabathini Mi-12, nayo yaba inokuthenjwa.

Kwisisu semoto kumatshini ukususela kumzobo yokuqala ecetywayo ezinamavili. Phantsi iifama ekhohlo nasekunene, ngokulandelelana, waba izimele ngokwayo. Phantsi-moya lowo esisiseko. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala lwasekhaya moya kusetyenziswa Njengokungeniswa absorbers udidi "hybrid": kwi hydraulics kunye ngomoya. Ngaphezu koko, kwakukho izixhaso umsila oluncediswayo, ezo inxaxheba ngethuba kulayishwa oomatshini enzima. Le ntaka entsha yenziwe ngokwesiseko iinkqubo navigation ezintsha ukuba avumela abekwa kwi iimeko zemozulu zimaxongo. Ngaphezu koko, bekukho yayizihambela kunye nenkqubo inyenyisa ngokuzenzekelayo isantya njengokujikeleza izikrufu. Sothi ntaka V-12, ukwakhiwa esiye kuchaziwe, ukuba ngokukhuselekileyo kubalwa phakathi swatches zobuchwepheshe eziphambili kakhulu.

iinqwelo zokuqala ngqalo uvavanyo

Ekupheleni kukaJuni 1967 okokuqala umatshini wavuka emoyeni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo moya yokuqala, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho omnye, inkqubo ekhethekileyo ukungcangcazela xa lokungcangcazela ezosulela ngqo koorhulumente. Kwakunxibelelene yokusilela abayili, owazisondeza ikhonkco ngqo kwikinetiki kunye kulawulo motor drives. Ngenxa yoku, kuphela nje wayisusa Isigebenga kwanyanzeleka ukuba enze ebikhona. Zonke iziphene ngokukhawuleza zahlulatywa zaza zasonjululwa ngokwandisa ngumkhinkqi yonke isakhiwo. Ngoko ke, le ntaka B-12, nto leyo luncedo besikhundla umthwalo elikhulu, iye yesiqhelo ngokupheleleyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba advanced-umnqamlezo ezine yesekethe sigwetyelwe ngokupheleleyo ngokwayo apha ekuhambeni iimvavanyo ezingaphaya. ntaka lilonke ngasuka izihlandlo 122. Enye amaxesha 77 kuba elide axhonywe emoyeni. System ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho ophezulu yolingo, leyo yafakwa ekuqaleni kweli izibalo, kubo kwaqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo. Bandisa bavuya kunye lula ulawulo umatshini omkhulu. Kodwa ke umkhosi wayezibuza iinjini voracity eliphantsi.

Kukho iingxelo ukuba iimvavanyo zenziwa ngeenjini ezimbini, leyo imoto nayo yaphumelela ngempumelelo. Kodwa inqabileyo enkulu yabakhi belikuba ubunzima bokulinganisa ubuncinane be-Mi-6, i-helicopter inamandla okuthwala, yanda ngama-7.2 amaxesha! Ngaloo ndlela, i-helicopter ye-V-12 (umenzi-MIL OKB) wayenethuba lokuphumelela "umsebenzi" kwi-USSR Air Force. Ngowe-1970, wabuyela eMoscow waya eAkhtubinsk kwaye emva koko, emva koko izilingo zelizwe zaziwa njengempumelelo. Ekupheleni konyaka, ikhomishini ekhethekileyo yacebisa ukuqaliswa kwe-helicopter kwinqaku. Ngoko kutheni kungekho B-12 esibhakabhakeni saseRashiya yanamhlanje? Ngelishwa, i-helicopter yayingabonakali.

Ukuphela kwebali

Kwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa, ezinye iimpazamo zenziwe zityhilwa, ezenza ukuchitha ixesha lokuchitha ixesha. Ukongezelela, ikopi yesibili ye-helicopter ukususela ngo-1972 ukuya ku-1973 yema e-hangar, njengoko ababoneleli belibazisekile ngokuveliswa kweenjini. Wayehluke kwiqabane lakhe kunye nobunzima obunzima kunye nokuqiniswa kolawulo. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ngo-1974 inkqubo yokudala nokugqiba i-helicopter ekhethekileyo yachithwa ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona ziyimpawu ezizodwa, i-helicopter ye-V-12 ayizange ingene kwimveliso emininzi kunye nokusebenza. Okokuqala, ekuqaleni kwadalwa ukuthutha iinqwelo ezinzima ze-ballistic, yalahlekelwa "yinto ejoliswe kuyo". Izakhiwo ezizimeleyo zenziwa. Okwesibini, loo nto ingqinisiseko yokusekwa kwezibhamu ngenxa yokunyuka okubalulekileyo kwakhono yabo nayo iguqulelwe kakhulu. Kwakungekho mfuneko ukuba bazisondeze kummandla wezitha.

Okwesithathu, ezinye ze-ICBM, eziye zaphuhliswa kunye ne-B-12 kwaye ngokukhethekileyo "phantsi kwayo," zazingaphumeleli kwaye zazingamkelwanga ngenkonzo. Kwezinye iimeko, kwakungabizi kakhulu ukuthumela imithwalo yemikhosi kumhlaba. Okwesine, isityalo eSaratov, enye kuphela apho kwakunokwenzeka ngexesha elincinci lokuhambisa umgudu wokuveliswa kwee-helicopter, ukususela ngowe-1972 "entloko" sele ilayishwe ezinye iilawurhulumente. Amandla okuvelisa apho akuzange ahlale.

Isiphumo

Ngaloo ndlela, i-B-12-i-helicopter, ngokukodwa ngaphambili kwexesha layo, kodwa "yayindawo engafanelekanga." Ukuba umatshini onjalo wadalwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-60, ngoko kwenzeka ukuba, umsebenzi uya kuba ngowona. Ngama-1970, izinto eziphambili ziye zaguqulwa, kwaye i-design eyingqayizivele yayingabonakali. Kodwa i-helicopter ye-V-12, eyayiyichaza imbali yayo, yabanika abaqhubi beemoto ithuba elixabisekileyo.