Kukho ezininzi ezahlukeneyo iintlobo iinkqubo zokusebenza, kwaye omnye wabo - "Linux". Ntoni na kwaye kuyo kusetyenziswa phi? Zisebenza njani? Yintoni umahluko ukusuka eliqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi "windose 'apha? Yintoni izinikezelo "ye Linux"? Yonke le mibuzo iya kuphendulwa ngaphakathi nqaku.
Yintoni i "Linux"
Ingaba inkqubo yokusebenza ngokubhekiselele kuwo unaso uluhlu olubanzi software eya kufakwa. Kuyo ungakhetha phakathi kweendidi eziliqela ze desktops kunye kwenye elinesibini ilayini yomyalelo weqokobhe. Le yokugqibela, ngokuzenzekelayo, ubizwa ngokuba yesiphelo kwaye lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Xa esijolise ekuphumezeni kweenkqubo ezininzi ngaxeshanye inkqubo yokusebenza uthambekele kangako kahle. Ngenxa yokuba akukho inkqubo engagqibekanga awunakusebenza ngaphandle kolwazi lomntu, ufumane intsholongwane, ebhalwe phantsi kwe Linux, kunzima kakhulu (nakuba ngeke kwenzeke). Kodwa ukuba ziphatha iikhompyutha, oko kuphela ngenxa yokuba isicelo ibitheni sele liqalile ngumsebenzisi. Eminye imizekelo kwale nkqubo kube zigcinwa kwaye esebenza ngokusebenzisa drives woqondo okanye USB.
Imbali uphuhliso
Linux kwizandi, Russian ezifana "Linux", oko aliguqulelwanga. Ngaba uyasazi isizathu? Zonke ngenxa yokuba njengokubizwe emva umseki wayo, uvulindlela - noLino Torvalds. Yena wazisa uluntu indalo yayo ngo-1994 (nangona uphuhliso yaqala emva ngo-1991). Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokusebenza sikhutshiwe umthombo livulekile, yaye nabani na ukuyiguqula, kwabonakala abalandeli ehlabathini lonke. Uye waba nomdla mveliso ezahlukeneyo avelisa nokwabiwa umvuzo. Ngelo xesha kukho ekuhlaleni developer, leyo ngokuzithandela ukudala aze asasaze indibano yabo. Kwaye ngowama-2016, kukho malunga nenguqulelo ezithandwayo neshumi elinesibini kweenkqubo zokusebenza "Linux". Yintoni imeko isixelela? Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ukhuphiswano eyomeleleyo, zoncedo ezifanayo (ngokungathi oko kuvakala engaqhelekanga) kunye neyantlukwano. Ukongeza iinguqulelo ezithandwayo, zisetyenziswa kakhulu yaye ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo edla ijolise ekuphumezeni uluhlu ethile izicelo. Kwaye ngoku, ukuba unomdla Russian, "Linux", uyazi, download nto - akukho ngxaki. Kodwa abanye kukho emzimbeni, nto leyo eya ukuguqulela ubuncinane yinxalenye nobhalo.
"Linux" yaye "windose": nomahluko
Xa uqala kuqala, iinkcukacha iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kubonakala musa kwahluka kangako. Kodwa akunjalo. zikhona umahluko, ingekuko ukwanela ukuzibona, kufuneka sikhangele "nzulu". Eyona nto kujoliswe uya kufumana Linux; kodwa wena, uya kuba yintoni na njani, kwaye uthelekiso kunye Windows. Siza kuthetha:
- uhlobo loseto lwefayile.
- shell mfanekiso.
- Uqwalaselo le nkqubo.
- Scope.
Yaye ekugqibeleni uya kuba isuntswana ingqalelo ihlawulwe nokwabiwa.
uhlobo loseto lwefayile
Ekuqaleni, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho diski enzima ngengqiqo njngesiqhelo kwi "Linux". Yintoni imeko ukuxelela kwindawo yokuqala? Nzima? Makube lee oko! izahlulelo zengqiqo kunye drives ebonakalayo kuhlala, kodwa yabona thaca labobalawuli akufuneki. Inkqubo yokusebenza edityaniswe kwi nakoluphi, yaye yonke into wadala - oko ingena. Umsebenzi wenziwe kuphela iifayile ekuwo. Le ncwadi eneenkcukacha iphambili - oku ingcambu. It luchazwa ngolu phawu /. Umzekelo, iifayile umsebenzisi bakutshelwe zigcinwa kwi / home / username /. Kodwa njengoko unqwenela, ungatshintsha indawo phantse yonke, nantoni na. Ngaba kunzima ukuba uzulazule ngokusebenzisa design onjalo?
shell lomzobo
Ekuqaleni, emva Windows zisenokubonakala intshukumo nzima. Kodwa oku kuphela xa usebenzisa terminal. Kukho iintsuba, apho unako ukusebenza nge ujongano aqhelekileyo. I-terminal, ngasendleleni, sebenzisa okanye iiseva, okanye abantu phambili kakhulu kunye nememori elungileyo. Uyilo ngemizobo yeqokobhe ilungele ukuba bonke abanye, kwakunye nabo nje abafuni ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba abalawuli ulwazi ngqo. "Linux" inkqubo angavela ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kungenziwa ukucwangcisa iinketho ezimbalwa kwi desktop kwaye ubene uyilo graphic kubo - kulinganiselwa amakhulu iinguqulelo.
uqwalaselo
In Windows, le nkcazelo kwi lobhaliso, nto leyo database ethile. Kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise udweliso lwenkqubo iqwalaselwe kakuhle kwinkqubo yokusebenza ngexesha kuqaliso yayo kunye nokusebenza ekuqaleni. Kuyo ukuba irejistri yonakele, wena reinstallation kuphela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona oku iadvanteji - bonke kwindawo enye. Kodwa Linux uye enye indlela. Kuyo, inkqubo nganye ngumnini eyahlukileyo ifayile yoqwalaselo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu). Baya ingabonwa okanye uhlele umhleli wokubhaliweyo ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Ukuba kukho iifayile ezininzi, iye zalo eziluncedo - njengoko kwimeko umonakalo omnye wabo uya kulahleka kuphela yinxalenye kuphuhliso. Kwaye icwangcisa okubi nayo inkqubo enye kuphela. Xa umsebenzisi ugqiba ukutshintsha ikhompyutha ezisetyenziswayo, kwakungayi kufuneka uqale yonke kwakhona. Iifayile kuyimfuneko nga khuphela nje phakathi koomatshini (nokuba ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa amajelo eendaba). Yaye kuthekani ukuba ibiyonakalisile indlela yokusebenza? Apha kulapho kufumaneka khona inzuzo ebalulekileyo ubephethwe "Linux". Inkqubo yokusebenza kufuneka wambeka, kwaye kufuneka lenze oko. Kodwa iifayile setup emva le nkqubo iza kuqhuba, kwaye ziza kungachithwa. Nangona kukho ethile encinane - inkqubo nganye inayo ifomati yayo kwifayile yoqwalaselo, yaye kuya kufuneka ube nokuqonda okukuko kokuba yintoni nendlela, phambi nohlelo.
Fields of application
Sasidla ngokuthetha ngayo "Linux", yintoni na kwaye njani ezahlukeneyo ukusuka njengesiqhelo abasebenzisi Windows. Ngoku makhe ukuhlawula iindawo ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Isicelo, yeha, loo nto kuphi. Umzekelo, "Linux" -server okanye ekhaya / ofisi ifenishala - apha ke likufutshane ezifanelekileyo. Inyaniso yeyokuba ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza elinikiweyo, akukho imidlalo ezininzi pha okanye zadalwa. Kukho kwakhona ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye ukuphehlelelwa iphakheji yemizobo Adobe kunye neenkqubo zobunjineli entsonkothileyo (ezifana AutoCAD, MatLAB kunye like). Kodwa ngoncedo we AT ulinganiso ingxaki kwiimeko ezininzi ingasombululwa. Ayisoloko abantu kufuneka ikhompyutha elisombulula iingxaki ezithile. Ngoko ke sicebisa ukuba ukufumana uluhlu olushwankathelweyo amathuba le nkqubo, kwaye xa esenza oko kufuneka, unga zama practice kwaye kukha adaniswe:
- Le nkqubo ingaba amaxwebhu ofisi, spreadsheets, amaxwebhu ezahlukeneyo kunye nenkqubo itekisi.
- Kuyenzeka ukubonisela nokuhlela imifanekiso neefoto.
- Unako ukuphulaphula umculo ubukele iividiyo.
- Le nkqubo kungaba ukudlala imidlalo - kodwa umthetho, ilula kakhulu.
- Qhuba kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano nge-intanethi (kule nkalo, "Linux" i cut ngentla for Windows).
- uHlelo lula.
- Unga ukuhlola nobukhulu bendawo Internet.
- ulawulo lula kude lweenkqubo zokusebenza (nayiphi na).
- Ezikhoyo iindidi ngeendidi iinkqubo imiyalezo, kunye email.
- Lula ukusebenza yokwabelana ngeefayile.
- indlela yokusebenza for free
- Yaye ekupheleni - kukho iintsholongwane apha nje intsomi. Ubuncinane, umbhali akayenzanga nayiphi na ubomi bam bonke.
malunga nokwabiwa
Sele ufuna wena Russian "Linux"? Emva koko kufuneka athethe into malunga nokwabiwa. Kwelinye icala kunzima ukutsho ukuba sijongene ezahlukeneyo lweenkqubo zokusebenza. Kodwa kwelinye icala - akukho namnye unako kubonisa ngenye indlela. Ungakhetha indlela ulwimi kunye noqhelwaniso eendawo eziya kunceda kwenza kube ngakumbi "Linux" umsebenzisi-lula. version Russian, isiFrentshi, eBrazil - ukhetho ngowakho. Ngoncedo nesixokelelwano sokusebenza kakhulu ukusombulula ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini. Kodwa makhe sithethe yonikezelo. Umehluko omkhulu wazo - indawo yenkqubo kwinkqubo lwefayile. Asikwazi ukuba ukwabiwa omnye lula ngakumbi kunezinye. Konke kuxhomekeke imisebenzi oma phambi kwakho. Umzekelo, ungafaka ufake inguqulo enye, leyo inokwenziwa kuphela, yaye akukho nkxaso ukuba Internet (ekulayisheni kuphela amacandelo text). Olu khetho ilungele ukuba abo bangakwaziyo ukugxila emsebenzini kunye waphazamiseka rhoqo. Kukho abo kuya ukulungelelanisa amandla ukufumana ukusebenza kangangoko matshini. Election kakhulu, kwaye kuphela ukuba uyeke kwenye kuzo.