-SIP protocol: Inkcazo

Iseshoni Initiation Protocol (SIP) i protocol okuhlaba umkhosi nokulawula neeseshoni zonxibelelwano yemultimedia. Izicelo ixhaphakileyo zeefoni Internet - Voice kunye wevidiyo kunye lwemiyalezo ekhawulezileyo phezu IP (Internet Protocol).

Icacisa imiyalezo ethunyelwa phakathi endpoints kwaye ukulawula ukudala, ukupheliswa, kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko lefowuni. SIP protocol, inkcazelo yayo thaca ngentla enokusetyenziselwa ekudaleni, ukuguqula luyo iiseshoni ebandakanya enemijelo data yemultimedia enye okanye ngaphezulu. Le protocol isicelo umaleko. Yenzelwe ukuba elizimeleyo umaleko zothutho ngxabano. Ngamanye amazwi, a protocol esekelwe kwisicatshulwa iquka izinto ezininzi HTTP (iProtokhol yokuGqithisela umbhalo) kwaye i Mail Idilesi Simple iProtokholi yokuGqithisela (SMTP).

-SIP protocol - ntoni na?

SIP isebenza ngokubambisana namanye iprotocol isicelo-level ezininzi ukuchonga nokudlulisa iseshoni multimedia. Ukuchongwa data media kunye ukufanisa kufikelelwa kunye Session Inkcazelo Protocol (SDP). Ukuze adlulisele imisinga yemultimedia - ilizwi, ividiyo - oko ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa imo Secure (SRTP) i-time real zothutho protocol (RTP) okanye. Kuba imiyalezo transmission SIP ekhuselekileyo ukuze guqulelwa kwi khowudi usebenzisa Layer Transport Ukhuseleko (TLS).

Imbali uphuhliso

-SIP protocol ekuqaleni program iveliswe liqela leengcali ngo-1996. Kuye mgangathweni ngo-2543 kwi RFC 1999 (SIP 1.0). NgoNovemba 2000, waza wabalelwa ekubeni umthetho olandelwayo 3 wabafundisi kweesiginali elementi isigxina lwezakhiwo IP-Multimedia esezantsi (IMS) ukuze ngokusiwa iinkonzo yemaltimidiya IP-based kwiinkqubo cellular. Inguqulo entsha (SIP 2.0) kwi RFC 3261 imigaqo wakhululwa ngoJuni 2002. Ngezandiso ezithile kunye ukulungisa kuwo isetyenziswa ngexesha lethu.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba original SIP-protocol waphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kwiinkonzo ilizwi. Namhlanje, ixhasa uluhlu olubanzi izicelo, kuquka skype, ustrimisho eendaba, ukuthumela umyalezo okhawulezileyo, ifayile yotshintshiselwano, neyefeksi phezu IP, nemidlalo-intanethi.

Protocol SIP - inkcazelo kunye nokusebenza

Iseshoni yokuqalisa Protocol izimele protocol zothutho ngxabano. Lisebenza iProtokholi yoLawulo loDluliselo (TCP), umsebenzisi Datagram Protocol (UDP) okanye ulawulo transmission protocol umlambo (SCTP). Ingasetyenziswa kugqithiso lwedata phakathi macala mabini (unicast) kunye iseshoni multicast.

Kuyo kukho iziqalelo zoyilo imifuziselo efanayo isicelo intengiselwano HTTP. ukusebenza nganye enjalo iqulathe isicelo client, nto leyo ebangela ukuba indlela ethile okanye umsebenzi kumncedisi kunye nempendulo ubuncinane enye. -SIP protocol reuses ezininzi amasimi header, imithetho encoding, kunye nobume HTTP codes, ngokubonelela kwifomati yokubhaliweyo olufundeka.

Nganye resource yenethiwekhi Iseshoni Initiation Intanethi - yiarhente umsebenzisi okanye ibhokisi yezwi - iqatshelwa usebenzisa isazisi ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo (URI), ukusebenza ngokusekelwe ngesivakalisi eziqhelekileyo umgangatho, nto leyo nayo kusetyenziswa iinkonzo web ne e-mail. URI scheme, esetyenziswa-SIP, na uhlobo kwekhonkco ubhalo: lomsebenzisi: password @ host: port.

nkqubo yokhuseleko

Ukuba kufuneka ekhuselekileyo ukudluliselwa data nkqubo umisela ukuba ngamnye izinto womnatha, apho isicelo sithunyelwe domain setekeni, kufuneka zibonelelwe Layer Transport Ukhuseleko (TLS). Inyathelo lokugqibela lomncedisi womntu onegunya le domain ekujoliswe xa kunyanzelekile ukuze ukusebenza ngokungqinelana izicwangciso zokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni. TLS ezikhusela bengenamvume abazama ukuba ganga ngoku idata ngexesha Dispatch. Kodwa ke oko akuthethi ukunika ukhuseleko lokwenene ekupheleni kwaye akakwazi ukuthintela tracking kunye data ubusela. Njengoko SIP-protocol, apho amazibuko kufuneka ngokukhuselekileyo edibene, isebenza kunye nezinye iinkonzo network?

Isebenza ngokudibene ezinye iprotocol ezininzi kwaye babandakanyeke kunxibelewano uphawu kuphela. -SIP abaxhasi ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa TCP okanye amanani ezibuko UDP 5060 okanye 5061 ukuya ukudibanisa ku SIP-abancedisi kunye nezinye isiphelo-amanqaku SIP. Port 5060 ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa uphawu yezithuthi ongafihlwanga, kanti zibuko 5061 close "abahlobo" kunye Ukhuseleko Layer Transport (TLS).

Yintoni na ukusetyenziswa?

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo ngakumbi kanye «SIP-protocol - ukuba" kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba isetyenziselwe. Le iqhele ukusebenziswa ukucwangcisa kwaye thumela ilizwi okanye ngevidiyo iminxeba. It ikuvumela ukuba uguqule kancincane imingeni ekhoyo. Ukuguqulwa kunokuquka ukutshintsha iidilesi okanye kumazibuko, simema nxaxheba incoko ngaphezulu, ukongeza okanye ukususa imilambo imidiya. Kwakhona SIP ukufumana isicelo kwizicelo imiyalezo, kunye neenkonzo subscription siganeko kunye nesaziso.

Iqela-SIP imithetho enxulumene kwi Internet Unyanzelo Lomsebenzi Wenjineli Force (IETF), simisela imiyalelo for izicelo ezinjalo. Yelizwi kunye nemiyalezo videopotokovye isicelo kwi isicelo eyahlukileyo protocol kwi-Intanethi Transport-time real (RTP). Iparameters - amanani ezibuko, iiprotokoli, codecs - kuba aba eendaba imilambo zichaziweyo kwaye yayifana usebenzisa i inkcazo intlanganiso yophatho yomthetho ozakulandelwa (SDP), nto leyo edakasa umzimba yempahla Iseshoni Initiation Protocol (umz, SIP T protocol).

Le mbono olusisiseko protocol kukuba kufuneka kwixesha elizayo zinika kweesiginali ubize ukumiswa ye IP-zonxibelelwano iziseko ukuba ukuxhasa superset kwemisebenzi call processing kunye neempawu ezikhoyo uluntu watshintshela kwenethiwekhi yefowuni (PSTN). Yena asichazi kuzo. Okunye ngqo, uMthetho kuphela setup eminxeba kunye umkhosi esandleni sakhe. Zonke izenzo ezinjongo ukwenza imisebenzi ifowuni onjalo (m. E. Dial, iithowuni impendulo ringback okanye uvulekile), yenziwa abancedisi beproxy kunye arhente umsebenzisi. intshayelelo labo kunye nesigama yahlukile kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kodwa zisebenza kumgaqo.

Ixabiso kule nombolo yefoni

kwenethiwekhi yefowuni axhasayo SIP nayo ukumillisela uninzi iimpawu call processing eliphezulu kakhulu abafumaneka zokubonisa System 7 (SS7). Nangona zombini ezi migaqo zahluke kakhulu. SS7 i protocol kwindawo enye. Lubonakala ngumntu entsonkothileyo engundoqo ngezakhiwo network and "yaba buthuntu" amanqaku ekupheleni (iifowuni eziqhelekileyo). SIP protocol of the "uhanjiselo-server '. Noko ke, izixhobo ezininzi ezixhasa Iseshoni Initiation Protocol uyakwazi ukwenza njengoko indima client kunye neseva. Ngokubanzi, iseshoni umqalisi lisebenza njengomxumi, kwaye umdlali lenza umsebenzi server umnxeba. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu SIP ziphunyezwa kwi endpoints ukunxibelelana, echasene izakhono SS7 eqhelekileyo ukuba zizalisekiswe kwi-network.

SIP yahlukile ngokwesiseko kwi ukuba lezobuchwepheshe likhula-IT, kwaye hayi imboni. -SIP protocol ikumgangatho kwaye ikakhulu emiselwe yi IETF, ngoxa abanye (umzekelo, H.323) zinxulunyaniswa ngokwesithethe ne International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

izinto inethiwekhi

SIP ichaza arhente lomntu, kwakunye neentlobo eziliqela lweziqalelo iseva womnatha. endpoints ezimbini SIP uyakwazi ukunxibelelana ngaphandle iziseko eliphakathi. Kunjalo, le ndlela rhoqo engenakwenzeka ngothungelwano karhulumente, efuna labobalawuli inkonzo ukukhangela iindawo ezikhoyo kwi network. irejista-SIP protocol akakwazi ukunika loo functionality.

agent yomsebenzisi

Iarhente yomsebenzisi SIP (UA) yi endpoints womnatha nengqondo. Zisetyenziswa ukwenza okanye ukufumana imiyalezo, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukulawula iseshoni-SIP. -SIP UA ndisimise indima umxhasi arhente umsebenzisi (Athletic Club), ethumela izicelo SIP kwaye i POP‧ umncedisi yayo (UAS), nto leyo ifumana imibuzo kwaye ibuyisela impendulo SIP. akhawunti ulawulo olunjalo kunye UAS lwenziwa kuphela ngexesha SIP yingisela.

zeefoni

-SIP zeefoni, enyanisweni, IP-zeefoni, eyenza i client kunye nemisebenzi server arhente-SIP yomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu koko, inika yemveli iinketho umnxeba - Dial, Phendula, ukugcinwa ukuphambuka / ukukhululwa ubize phambili.

-SIP phones ukuze kusetyenziswa isixhobo sekhompyutha okanye softphone. Ngenxa yokuba abenzi baya usebenzisa lo protocol njengeqonga zeefoni eqhelekileyo (kwiminyaka yakutshanje - nge 4G), umahluko phakathi hardware ne-software-SIP phones ebalulekileyo ahlale umehluko. Ukongeza, imiba Iseshoni Initiation Protocol namhlanje kuphunyezwa imisebenzi esisiseko ye-firmware kwezixhobo ezininzi IP-amandla. Imizekelo iquka iintlobo ngeentlobo izixhobo ukusuka Nokia kunye BlackBerry, yaye-SIP protocol kwi Android ngoku inkonzo ufunwayo.

Ngo-SIP, kwi HTTP, i-arhente umsebenzisi ukuchonga ngokwawo a izithuba umhlaba we header User-Agent, equlethe inkcazelo itekisi ye-software / iintsimbi / izinto. umsebenzisi-umncedi womsebenzi entsimini kumyalezo isicelo ethunyelwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bafumana umncedisi SIP ongabona olu lwazi. izinto Network Iseshoni Initiation Protocol maxa wambi ukugcina kolo lwazi. Kwaye kunokuba luncedo zokufumanis iingxaki ehambelanayo.