Theory ulawulo

Management - ngumsebenzi professional ejoliswe ekufezekiseni iinjongo zayo usebenzisa ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo awoluntu nezinto ngokwesiseko imigaqo, iindlela kunye nemisebenzi indlela kwezoqoqosho kwethiyori yolawulo.

Enyanisweni, lo gama lihambisana elithi "ulawulo". Noko ke, "ulawulo" yingcamango ayemxinwa kwaye usebenza kuphela kulawulo iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo noqoqosho kuyo kwishishini okanye umbutho. Le nto ibandakanya:

• iimeko intengiso kunye nemarike nolwemozulu;
• ukuvelisa kwempahla kunye iindleko oluncinane kunye yenzuzo ixabiso labo;
• uhlalutyo kolwazi kunye nesicwangciso ukuphumeza injongo ethile;
• ulawulo lwezabasebenzi, esiquka ulwazi olusisiseko bengqondo kunye yokuhlalisana.

Isakhono ezingundoqo umphathi ozelwe nguye uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngempumelelo nemingeni. Xa inkampani encinane imisebenzi umphathi ngokuqhelekileyo eyenziwa ngumlawuli ngokwakhe. Kodwa ukuba le nkampani ufikelela eyindlela yobukhulu enkulu, uza ukunceda umphathi (umphathi, umququzeleli, umphathi). Kwaye lusoloko kuyenzeka ukuba ngenxa izakhono zabo zobungcali umphathi usombulula iingxaki ezininzi ngaphezu kumlawuli kude.

theory Management - inzululwazi kwezi ndlela kunye nemigaqo nolawulo olunjalo. Kuba ukuqonda ngcono olu qeqesho lwezenzululwazi luncedo ukuqwalasela uphuhliso zayo zembali. Evolution of theory yolawulo baqalisa engaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo. Sinako ukwahlula izikolo 5 zolawulo ezisisiseko kuyilwa wathi:

• Isikolo igxininisa zesayensi iindlela zolawulo (ngo 1885. Of 1920).

• Isikolo Classical (1920 - 1950 gg.).

• School, wafunda isiphumo lobudlelwane babantu (ngo 1930 Of 1950).

• Yokuziphatha School, okwabizwa ngokuba sisikolo behavioural Sciences (ukusukela 1950 De namhlanje).

• School of Mathematical kunye nendlela oluninzi (ngo-1950 Ngoku).

Ngundoqo yesikolo yolawulo yenzululwazi esekelwe kwimigaqo neengcinga Frederika Teylora. Le ngcamango yolawulo byi ingqalelo elikhulu yesayensi yohlobo ngalunye lomsebenzi, zobungcali zabasebenzi kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo yentlawulo umahluko. Taylor wayecinga ukuba ngokusebenzisa ngokubona, umlinganiselo, logic, unako ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza umsebenzi wezandla. Nabanye abameli ezaziwayo-kakuhle oku kuba uHenry Gantt, umfazi Lillian noFrank Gilbreth.

Umsunguli esikolweni lakudala yaba Henri Fayol. abameli balo okokuqala ndahlula ulawulo lwemveliso, egxininisa njengoko umsebenzi owahlukileyo. Le mbono ulawulo lujolise ekuphuculeni kunye nokuphuhliswa kwemigaqo yolawulo lweshishini yenkqubo iyonke. A. Fayolle liqulunqe imigaqo-14 jikelele yolawulo, kunye Weber yaqulunqa iziseko ngokwemimiselo Indlela yolawulo.

Imfundiso "ubudlelwane babantu" liye laba lilitye lembombo le-School Management elandelayo - isikolo ukuba umbutho ekuthethwa njenge ethile "inkqubo ekuhlaleni." Wabaseki kwesi sikolo (Elton Mayo, uAbraham Maslow, Fritz Roethlisberger) kuqatshelwe ukuba yimveliso yabasebenzi iphenjelelwa iimfuno zabantu. Ngokutsho kwabo, umphathi kufuneka azame kwiinkokheli sesikweni kwaye ukuwina "ubabalo zabantu."

Mu kuya kwa nshita sisetyenziswe yesikolo ubudlelwane babantu, ukuba esijoliswe kwiimfuno ngamnye, abameli yesikolo novakalelo, (F. Herzberg, C. Argyris, D. McGregor, R. Laynkert) ingqalelo kwaye sifunde indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu kweli qela, ezisemthethweni kunye sikweni. Kwezi zikolo zibini liphuhlise neengcamango ezixhasayo kulawulo.

Ulawulo lwezikolo zemathematika yinkqubo ethile kusengqiqweni ukuba linokuchazwa kwi ahambelanayo imodeli zemathematika. Ngoko ke, ujoliso kwiindlela zoqoqosho kunye zemathematika, ukusetyenziswa kwamanani kunye nolawulo ngekhompyutha zombutho. Phakathi wabaseki kwesi sikolo eyaziwa Smoi G., D. Woodward, J. Matshi, uMnu Ackoff, H. Lowry, D. Thompson.

Ukuzalana izikolo ngasentla kukhokelela ekudalweni yolawulo kakhul. Nganye intambo ukulawula indlela ezifana kwayo, leyo edibene omnye komnye, ukudala amandla aphezulu. theory ulawulo Modern iye ithathe kwaye iyaqhubeka nzulu ukuphuhlisa impumelelo engcono kunye nezimvo zesikolo ngasinye.