Turbo injini: inkcazelo, iimpawu, umgaqo ukusebenza kunye iifoto

Wonke umqhubi uyazi ukuba injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kwisixhobo kunye siseko nokusebenza yahlulwe esesibhakabhakeni kunye turbocharged. Kodwa asingabo bonke uyayiqonda umahluko phakathi kweeyunithi ngamandla. Makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi injini kwiinqwelo, ukuba isebenza njani kwaye isebenza njani. Baziqhelanisa iinjini ku Umzekelo iiyunithi mihla iqela VAG.

petrol kwiinqwelo

Olingene kwiinqwelo - i injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye bandiswe ngenxa kweinjini degree of ucinezelo nasemagumbini. Ukunyuswa salathisi sinika ukwanda umthamo kunye nezinye iimpawu zobugcisa. Ukususela ekusungulweni ezo njineli zokuqala lwangaphakathi yokutsha injini baye bazama ukuba ukongeza amandla ngaphandle utshintsho okukhulu ukubana umthamo we-injini.

Xa uqala kuqala, isigqibo kwakungenakwenzeka phezu - eziyimfuneko ukunceda motor ngokufanelekileyo ukuba 'ukuphefumla "kwakunjalo. Oku kuya kunika best ukutshiswa iimpawu umxube amafutha. Oku kunokufikelelwa yi umoya olongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba unikezele kungena isilinda utyhalelwa, phantsi koxinzelelo. Ngenxa umthamo umoya eyongezelweleyo fuel combusted ngokupheleleyo, yaye oko kuya kunceda ekwandiseni amandla. Kodwa ezi zobuchwepheshe kuqaliswa kancinci kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwezixhobo kwiinqwelo-isiguquli iye isetyenziswe kuphela xa injini ezinkulu iinqanawa kunye moya.

Imbali olingene turbocharged itheyibhile ephindaphindayo

Injini kwiinqwelo yokuqala olwalumiselwe kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Wagons turbocharged injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi baqalisa ukuvelisa ngo-1938. Ekuqaleni-60 eUnited States baqalisa ukuvelisa iinjini kuqala injini iimoto abakhweli. Le imoto Oldmobile Jetfire kunye Chevrolet Corvair Monza. Ngokuba zonke iinjini yokusebenza yayo luphawulwa ukuthembeka eliphezulu elide.

qala bathandwe

Popular turbocharged injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kwaqala 70s. Baqala bona ukuseka iimoto imidlalo zehle kakhulu. Kodwa injini yoluntu iimoto kwiinqwelo akazange abe ndiyathandwa kuba lombane eliphezulu amafutha. Le eqhwalela hlukile zonke iinjini ipetroli turbocharged kwexesha. Kodwa amafutha kubaluleke kakhulu ngelo xesha. Eli xesha waba nengxaki oyile kwi 70s.

Isixhobo olingene kwiinqwelo-omlilo injini

I algorithm isebenza ipetroli turbocharged powertrain na ukusetyenziswa isiguquli okhethekileyo. Ingxaki yokugqibela - lesitofu umthamo emoyeni olongezelelweyo kwegumbi yokutsha. Ngokuphucula ukuzaliswa iisilinda kunye nomxube umoya amafutha nokwandisa uxinzelelo olusebenzayo athetha namandla kumjikelo ngamnye inyuswe. Inkqubo drive ye turbochargers igesi zeemoto asetyenziswa, amandla elenza umsebenzi luncedo.

isiguquli Modern umzimba kunye negalelo, ivili, isivingco esa, kukho izindlu turbine. ezifumanekayo kuthambisa imiphantsi yokugqibela. Kwakhona khona isakhiwo shaft ivili, i iibheringi, lo isiguquli, lo actuator womoya ze ivelufa bypass. Kwimeko apho iibheringi ziyaxhonywa, imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ivili. It is a umngxuma namasondo turbine kunye isiguquli elifakiweyo kuso. Ekugqibeleni kukho ngamaphiko. Le ivili nga jikeleza ngokuwatshibiliza iibheringi. Ukuthambisa ajikeleze yawo neoli okupholisa kubonelelwa ukusuka kwinkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze kwe-injini. Ukuze ngakumbi lupholile zithwele kwezindlu, kunye nemijelo njengesipholisi nazo kusetyenziswa. Le Ingxenye isiguquli wenziwe omile njengenkumba.

isimiso ukusebenza

Ephendulwa umlomo liqhagamshelene ngezilingo zeemoto. A isiguquli - ugwebu. Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, turbocharger iqhutywa amandla igesi zeemoto. Zihlanganiswe kunye plane injini esijikeleziswa, ngaloo ndlela anike amandla. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa qeda umbhobho iigesi ukungena kwinkqubo zeemoto.

kunye ivili isiguquli "wink" zixhonywe shaft efanayo. Ngenxa njengokujikeleza ivili turbine isiguquli yadika umoya evela emoyeni lokucoca kwaye iimpompo kuyo egumbini yokutsha. Kuxhomekeka inqanaba isixhobo kuqinise inokuba ukuphucula amandla xi ukusuka kuma-30% ukuya 80%. Ngesi injini kunye umthamo olufanayo umxube ingathatha ngesixa-mali esikhulu. Kungenxa yunithi ngamandla luyanda-20% ukuya kuma-50%. iigesi exhaust namandla wabo kakhulu ukwanda ngendlela motor.

units kwiinqwelo

Malunga Lelona amalungiselelo kunye kwiinqwelo injini (diesel). Umgaqo nokusebenza turbocharger ayahlukanga ukusuka ipetroli. Ekuphela mahluko - kukho i intercooler. Oku yindlela ekhethekileyo lwentaba- umoya phambi kokuba ungena iziqulathi. Umthamo umoya obandayo ngaphantsi kwe eshushu. Oku kuthetha ukuba umoya obandayo ungakwazi "ukumfaka" kwi lombhobho kwi wobungakanani enkulu.

iinjini TSI

Ezi yunithi efakwe eziqokelelwayo "Volkswagen" imoto "Audi" yaye "Skoda". Bonke basonta inkxalabo efanayo. Abavelisi bathi oku isizukulwana esitsha injini, okuhlanganisa amandla kunye nokusebenza. Kwimeko akukho mfuneko yokuba alinde kunye classical lwangaphakathi injini yokutsha eqhelekileyo umthamo ophantsi, amandla okhethekileyo kuye. Ukuba ubunzima isithuthi ilingana ithani, kunye injini esezantsi-amandla, oku kuya kukhokelela amafutha ephakamileyo ngenxa nemiba eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu.

Injini nge umthamo omkhulu ngesantya eliphezulu ngenxa awongezelelekileyo kwigumbi yokutsha. Kwiinqwelo-iinjini ( "Skoda octavia", "Volkswagen" yaye "Audi") - ngummangaliso kwezobunjineli. Kwezi iiyunithi amandla ahlangene ukusetyenziswa athobekile kwaye namandla ezaneleyo umthamo encinci.

TSI: device

Xa volume, la macandelo inokuba nomahluko. Ngenxa yoko, DVS ukuvelisa 1.2; 1.4; 1.6 iilitha. Kwaye ke kwiinqwelo injini 1.8, 2.0 l. ukunyuka engine amandla ngenxa umthamo omkhulu. Kwaye isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Yaye uze uthethe umahluko.

Turbocharged and supercharged

TSI - nto zombini turbocharged kunye supercharged unit. VAG iqela leengcaphephe baye basebenzisa eli kuyilo ukusombulula ingxaki yinjini eqhelekileyo. It okha kwi ingadumeli ezincinane injini. Ukuba sicinga kwiinqwelo zakudala, i "wink" imisebenzi ngenxa ukusebenzisa igesi. Pressure amandla emsebenzini nesantya ezincinane awukuvumeli supercharger ukudala amandla olufunwayo uze wondla kwigumbi yokutsha imali eyaneleyo womoya.

1.8 kwiinqwelo injini ( "VW") efakwe isiguquli. Akathabatheli amandla bawe. torque enjinini eziqhelekileyo esesibhakabhakeni yi malunga 5000 ISityhi. / Min. Kwimeko iinjini TSI torque na kuluhlu ukususela 1500 ISityhi. / Min ukuya 4500 ISityhi. / Min. Le uluhlu yokusebenza, esiza kusetyenziswa abaqhubi abaninzi. Iinjini TSI ngokusetyenziswa turbines zimbini ndinyanzelwe ukuba bar 2.5.

isiguquli

Le ndibano isebenza yi uhlobo drive ibhanti eyahlukileyo. Yena a ratio eliphezulu amagiya. Le isiguquli luvuliwe kuphela xa umqhubi ndingungelwe igesi. Ngesantya kufutshane iduma, uxinzelelo 0.8 BAR - oku ilula kakhulu. Ngenxa oku, yenza umsebenzi oncomekayo linamandla. Ekubeni injini isebenza "Audi" 1.8 kwiinqwelo TSI. Isizukulwana eyadlulayo, ezi iinjini nje mayixhotyiswe isiguquli. Kukho kuphela samanzi.

I turbocharged injini 1,8 ukusuka 'VW "

Le yunithi emalikeni iminyaka engama-20. Le modeli ye injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi zithandwa kakhulu yaye yasungula imfuno iinjini kunye turbocharging. Le injini yafakwa imifuziselo ezininzi iimoto ukusuka kwiqela VAG. Bt kule ndibano kwenzeka ngo-1995.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala injini ( "Volkswagen Passat" B5) 1.8 kwiinqwelo iye yafakwa kwi Audi "A4" (ewe, zisebenzisa iinjini efanayo). Njengoko kuba iimpawu, kukho imizekelo emininzi axhotyiselwe-150 no 210 enjini. Ngo-2002 siye wadala injini amandla 190 "amahashe". I-injini turbocharged le "Volkswagen" yaba eyayisisiqalo bulumko entsha ngokupheleleyo ngokuphathelele injini yepetroli. Wabanika a ukusebenza kakuhle kunye imali encinci ngenxa samanzi. Abaxhamla kule matshini na iphango ngomlinganiselo. "A4" umfuziselo "Audi" udla iilitha 8 kweekhilomitha ezili-100 nganye emendweni. Xa izicwangciso ezisezidolophini, amafutha ayikho kweelitha ngaphezulu kwe-10. Ngokuba valve 20 intloko cylinder kunye turbocharger, iinjineli "VW" inokufumana amazinga aphezulu torque phambi isantya ziphunyezwe kwinqanaba amawaka 2.

Ngoko ke, le injini buhlanganiswe luthambe kakhulu, nto leyo engqalene Useto kwiinqwelo, kodwa inkcubeko umsebenzi - zepetroli. Le yunithi kwakhona ngokulula aguqulelwe negesi. Isityalo amandla yenye intle yonke kuluhlu. Performance, ngokulinganisela amafutha kunye nokuthembeka aphezulu liyi injini. "Passat" (1.8 kwiinqwelo) akukho unit noshowo akanalo. Nangoku, ngexesha mihla le TSI, le injini phantse akukho ngokulinganayo.

Turbo: ubuhle nobubi

I-plus ephambili okuye kwiinqwelo - kwandiswe amandla. Le yeyona njongo iphambili, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngaphandle utshintsho kubume. Xa imiqulu ukulingana esesibhakabhakeni injini Motors kwiinqwelo nga babanikele torque 70% ngaphezulu namandla. Isiguquli kunciphisa ipesenti kwezinto ezinobungozi kwi iigesi zeemoto. I-injini baxhotyiswe injini unalo izinga lengxolo asezantsi kakhulu. Ezi zityalo amandla ingafakwa naziphi zithuthi. The main ethile - ukusetyenziswa aphezulu amafutha. Imali ukunyuka zezulu, kwaye yandisa izibaso ziphele. Oku Iinjineli ngxaki ayikwazi ukuyisombulula. Kwakhona bobubi ziquka ubunzima msebenzi. Ezi iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi ziyivela kakhulu umgangatho amafutha neoli. Ukongeza ezingalunganga ziquka ubomi ephantsi ioli ukucoca izihluzi. Imoto ihamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngenxa le oli ngokukhawuleza ulahlekelwa iipropati yayo.