Types landscape painting

Uhlobo lobugcisa ocoliweyo, owona mxholo uphambili kuyo - bume live okanye ezenziwe ngabantu, waba elizimeleyo emva kokuba abanye - umboniso, a nangoku-ubomi okanye animalism. Iintlobo landscape baqala ukuphuhlisa amandla entsha, xa abazobi bakwazi ukusebenza emoyeni evulekileyo.

definition

Igama elithi "paysage" French ( "byi" - "ilizwe", "emaphandleni") efanayo intsingiselo isiJamani "Landschaft" kunye IsiNgesi "ububanzi". Bonke amele okusingqongileyo komhlaba yomntu phandle. Le medium ukuba yakhiwa izakhi ze imvelaphi yendalo (mphandle, utyani, amanzi, umoya umoya) wadala okanye kumila ngumntu (iindlela, izakhiwo, emasimini, iintambo zombane , njalo njalo. D.).

Igama elithi "ububanzi" liye iintsingiselo ezininzi: yinto nje oko iliso yabantu ime phandle, inkcazelo yohlobo umsebenzi, imifanekiso yokusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa obubonwayo. Phantse wonke umsebenzi wobugcisa kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo-mhlaba. Photography, ifilim, ividiyo, imizobo computer kunye, Kakade ke, ubugcisa ababandakanyekayo mapping yehlabathi.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezihloko

Wonke artist kweqiniso umbono yayo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza intsingiselo kule yantlukwano ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezithile landscape. Ngokuba abantwana enkulisa, abafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo, abafundi kunye nabathandi bayo yonke iminyaka yobudala ukupeyinta imizobo landscape kukho lemozilu kumfanekiso ngokuxhomekeke umxholo kunye nohlobo ubuntu bakhe.

Kukho iintlobo zendalo, zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini landscape womzobo. Ngamnye kubo iintlobo kunye neempawu. Ngu uhlobo yomhlaba ume ngaphandle mood zembali nokobuqhawe kuko, eyindumasi, yothando kunye landscape.

landscape yemvelo

KumaXesha Aphakathi ukuba uhlobo komfanekiso kunye Planar udandalaziso. Yaba of an ezongeziweyo isimilo kwanancedisayo ezo zililo zonqulo, wentsomi okanye yembali. Kodwa ekubeni le Renaissance yaqala ukubonakala umfanekiso apho ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo imiboniso okanye amanani abantu azisetyenziswa, abalinganiswa abaphambili kuwo umhlaba, amahlathi, esibhakabhakeni, nolwandle, kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Enye wabaseki uhlobo 'landscape olunyulu "uthathwa ukuba German printmaker, draftsman kunye opeyintayo Albrecht Altdorfer (1480-1538). Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala imizobo amanani wentsomi of the amaqhawe yayisoloko lwavela encinane ngokuchasene nentsukaphi umfanekiso wamazwi kwendalo esingqongileyo.

Marina - umfanekiso yolwandle

Kulo mhlaba wemvelo ekhethekileyo indawo umfanekiso zolwelo medium, ebesoloko kwatsala ingqalelo amagcisa. Iintlobo landscape ezinxulumene ababehamba kunye marinistika (Marina - umfanekiso isihloko elwandle) bazalelwa kumazwe apho imikhumbi waba nezolo - eNetherlands, eNgilani njalo njalo .. Okokuqala, ulwandle yaba yinxalenye umfanekiso iinqanawa kunye nokulwa ngamanzi, kodwa ke imizwa elementi esinamandla ubuhle, Ukwahluka intsimbi yayo ezichuliweyo ngokwabo obathandayo zabazobi. Lokuceba real ezibalulekileyo ihlabathi umsebenzi Russian zaselwandle opeyintayo I. K. Ayvazovskogo (1817-1900).

Umfanekiselo izithuba zasezulwini, iiplanethi neenkwenkwezi libhekisela ummandla wendalo. Iintlobo landscape ekuthiwa yesiqalo okanye astral, bekusoloko uhlobo yenzululwazi okanye ubugcisa lwekamva, kunye ekuqaleni moya indawo rhoqo Imizobo ezinjalo okungenzeka.

zasemaphandleni

Ekubeni imifanekiso yokuchitha nobomi abalusi shepherdesses yase zasemaphandleni ebesoloko lithathe indawo ebalulekileyo kwezobugcisa ebukekayo. Le kufuphi imvelo, ukuvisisana ubomi emhlabeni, yamahlwempu yabasebenzi ziye sasingumba amagcisa ezininzi ezibalaseleyo zaphawula ezahlukeneyo, takh njengoko Piter Breygel (1525-1569), Nikola Pussen (1594-1665), Kamil Koro (1796-1875), Fransua Mille ( 1814-1875).

Russian ukupeyinta yesikhumba isihloko sele ikhona ukususela AG Venetsianov (1780-1847). Imizekelo iincopho aphezulu kwinkalo yezolimo kufuneka amagcisa Russian brilliant: I. I. Levitana (1860-1900), A. K. Savrasova (1830-1897), V. D. Polenova (1844-1927), A. A. Plastova (1893-1972). Imibongo Special yokuphila yasemaphandleni engqongwe ngabantu uhlobo Russian kuvuselela kunye namagcisa yelo xesha.

landscape ezisezidolophini

Kwinkulungwane XVII eYurophu iye yaba uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu kumzobo akubiza ngokuba 'yihambo "(" veduta "(ital) -." Buka "). Ezi Imizobo, izimvo yomhlaba, eli apho - topographically imbono echanileyo kwaye eneenkcukacha izakhiwo mzi, izitrato nobumelwane yonke. Kuba upelo kusetyenziswa ikhamera pinhole - isixhobo zokufumana ngqo enombala image moya. Le mizekelo kakhulu olu hlobo zezi photographically cityscape bokwakha echanileyo. Views yaseVenice kunye London ngenkulungwane XVIII zimelwe kwi imizobo of A. Canaletto (1697-1768), ebetha ubuchule J. Vermeer (1632-1675) kwi ukupeyinta "View of eDelft".

Lo mhlaba yezakhiwo ibonisa ixabiso isakhiwo umsebenzi izakhiwo, ulwalamano lwabo omnye nomnye kunye lonke yokuhlala. Ifomu ekhethekileyo yomhlaba enjalo - ukwakhiwa leengcinga ozelwe ngqondweni le womzobi. Ngelinye ixesha aba "amanxuwa" ethandwa kakhulu - iimbono kubume amanxuwa angunaphakade, okuvelisa iingcinga malunga impermanence yobomi.

Ngaba angahlangani kwaye Futurist, landscape fantastic - iintlobo ze imizi elizayo, umfanekiso apho kunye sicatshulwa lotshintsho ixesha kuxhomekeke kwinkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa.

Olunye uhlobo lwe yomhlaba ezidolophini lo mhlaba industrial, obonisa ubume babantu kakhulu siguqulwe. Lo mxholo le mizobo - .. zobuhle nombono izakhiwo, amadami, iibhulorho, iinqaba, iindlela, izithuthi uthungelwano, iifektri, njl Enye imisebenzi yokuqala ebalulekileyo yomhlaba mveliso Kungaba liphathwe ukupeyinta ngu Claude Monet (1840-1926) "Gare Saint-Lazare ".

Idla ngendlela eyahlukileyo kudidi kunye ipaki landscape. Efanayo isihloko ukuya emaphandleni okanye kuphela yendalo, geo-ekhonjwe kokwabo esixekweni.

IziTayile landscape painting

A umsebenzi wobugcisa - oko kusoloko ukuqonda ubugcisa yehlabathi kunye kubume artist ngokwenene - kufana nje umfanekiso wenene, kunye nomfanekiso ka-bume yendalo okanye ezidolophini, imbonakalo yakhe, wavakalisa ngobuchule. Le incazelo kuvamile igqiba indlela uphawu zombini ngamnye lonke uluntu elidityaniswe kuyo kwindawo enye ngexesha elinye.

Imbali ukubayinxalenye inkosi isimbo esithile landscape painting, ingakumbi azikaqapheleki. "Landscape nge Rainbow" P. P. Rubensa (1577-1640) - i isemagqabini zobuciko kunye umzobo eponymous Konstantina Somova (1869-1939) thematically efanayo. Bazele banconywa efanayo kwihlabathi ngaphandle, kodwa iimali indlela ezahlukeneyo batshintshelwa ukuba ezi mvakalelo!

umsebenzi Impressionist iye yaba nefuthe okhethekileyo uhlobo. Zonke iintlobo landscape - zendalo, ezidolophini, yasemaphandleni - nokufika ithuba yokusebenza emoyeni evulekileyo ithe utshintsho ulwandle. Ukuzama ukuchaza utshintsho okwexeshana kunye bokuqonda sothando ukukhanya, usebenzisa ezamahala ukupeyinta indlela entsha, lo Impressionists wavula uhlobo landscape in lawo ezintsha. Emva yobuciko ngu Claude Monet (1840-1926), Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Alfred Sisley (1839-1999) kunye namanye Impressionists amaninzi kwakuba nzima ukujonga ihlabathi ngendlela efanayo kwakhona, ukungayiqapheli ubuhle bayo ngaphandle kokubona ukuqhama imibala zakhe.

Umthombo engunaphakade yeNkosi eyayicace

Nature bekusoloko umthombo engundoqo iimvakalelo ezintsha kunye okuvelayo kulo mculi. Oobawo wazama ukuba bazobe ukuphuma kwelanga phezu kodonga lalingumqolomba intwana ngodongwe esomileyo, iimbono landscape ngenxa abangekaqali esikolweni namhlanje - ukuba imifanekiso Mars, ezosulela ukusuka kumphezulu bomashini self-esingazihambeliyo yesiqalo. Common i ingqiqo wonder ukusuka Infinity kwehlabathi, uvuyo ebomini.