Types of kwecala. Types of zeengxoxo zamatyala okulamla

Ukophulwa komthetho ekugqibeleni ibandakanya ukubandakanyeka umoni kubulungisa. Ekubeni kukho zolwaphulo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo ubukhulu kunye neziphumo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye isohlwayo kufuneka ube efanelekileyo. Yiyo nale izilingo nokuqiqa zezi yokuhlela esisiseko. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ingqiqo kunye neentlobo zobulungisa Russian.

Ntoni igama elithi "inkqubo"?

inkqubo yomthetho - na kwisimangalo, kuquka yi-siseko Russian Federation kunye nemithetho yazo inkqubo ingqalelo kunye nokusonjululwa kwamatyala kwiinkundla. Imithetho yelizwe emiselweyo ngokungqongqo iintlobo yeenkqubo kunye izigaba zenkqubo.

Phakathi izinyathelo:

• yokuqalisa inkqubo (uqeqesho);
• kokuqwalaselwa wenkundla;
• kwesigwebo okanye isigwebo, eniya kuwuthabatha ukusebenza emva kwexesha elithile, ukuba isigqibo ukuba ubengabhenele.

Inkundla, njengokuba umthetho, akunakuba umqalisi inkqubo yeengxoxo. Ukubangela inkqubo isiseko esifunekayo somthetho kunye isibheno ngokusesikweni kwiNkundla nxaxheba kule nkqubo, abemi (abantu) okanye ogunyaziswe ukuba enze njalo (umzekelo, ii-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho). inyathelo Unyango nto thaca ngokohlobo ibango, isikhalazo, abekwe, kunye nabanye.

Types of ubulungisa Russian

RF siseko esahlula ngokungqongqo Ukuhlelwa iintlobo betyholwa. Ngokutsho Art. 118 loMgaqo-siseko, kukho iintlobo-4 leenkqubo:

1. Siseko - esweni ukuphunyezwa efanelekileyo kunye nokuhambelana nemigaqo-siseko esikhoyo.
2. Civil. Eli qela yeyona olubanzi kunye nemicimbi yoluntu, liquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxoxo zamatyala okulamla, isihloko eliza ukukhusela amalungelo arhente kwezoqoqosho.
3. Ulawulo kabani umda abawa mthetho ngaphantsi umthetho.
4. Criminal - iqwalasela kuyingozi kakhulu kwibutho olwaphulo-mthetho (mthetho).

inkqubo yomgaqo-siseko

Ubulungisa entsimini kweenkqubo siseko lilawula iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko we-Russian Federation, izakhono kunye kowona msebenzi eliza ukulawula ekulandeleni of nemigaqo ekhutshwa ngabaLawuli Ibhili engundoqo eli lizwe. Ukuba inkundla simisela ukuba isenzo emisiweyo okanye inxalenye yayo kuchasene-siseko, loo mntu okanye iqumrhu elikhuphe isenzo, kunyanzelekileyo ukuba ukurhoxisa umthetho oyilwayo okanye wenze utshintsho olufanelekileyo.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlula kwezinye zonke iintlobo leenkqubo siseko. Ukongeza, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko iqwalasela uluhlu imxinwa imiba, isigqibo esithathwe le nkundla iya kuqala ukusebenza hayi emva kwexesha elithile, yaye ngoko nangoko emva kokuba isaziso. Kwakhona, isigwebo siya kuba sesokugqibela, kungabiyomfuneko isiqinisekiso amaqela angaphandle kunye nabasemagunyeni, kwaye ayikwazi ukuba ubengabhenele.

Iintlobo Civil yeNkqubo Russian Federation

inkqubo Civil ukuhlela ubulungisa entsimini lomthetho abucala, oko kukuthi uva amatyala evela phakathi kwabemi Russian, abantu (bendalo okanye zomthetho). amagunya eligunyazisiweyo kule ndawo ziinkundla zorhwebo kunye neenkundla yomthetho.

Kuxhomekeka ngesihloko zomthetho nezobudlelwane lwecandelo labucala, oko lungohlulwa lube imveliso kuthuthwa (amatyala abantu zendalo) nokwaHlulela (amaziko oshishino) inkqubo. Iintlobo kwamatyala embambano, ngokutsho lwenqubo ikhowudi yelizwe, zezi zilandelayo:

• inkqubo Civil. Oku kusekelwe phezu umgaqo ukhuphiswano, nto leyo elikhuselayo amabango ayo yeqela ngalinye kwaye ukungenela iimfuno wacezela phaya. Inkqubo ibango lommangali ngaso (kwifayile isimangalo) kwaye ummangalelwa.
• inkqubo an yahlukile ibango ukuba akukho imbambano, oko ucinga ityala abemi engahlawulwanga. Olu hlobo trial obungamaxwebhu ngokusekelwe umyalelo wenkundla (sigqibo, ijaji ekhutshwe), nto leyo ithi kwipropati okanye recovery ngemali evela kumtyali.
• Production Special. Yohluka kwezinye iintlobo kuba ababandakanyekayo icala elinye kuphela, kwaye kusetyenziswa ukutshintsha imo yomthetho ezinye iinkqubo. Imizekelo yemveliso ibalulekileyo ingqalelo iimeko ezinjalo, njengosuku lokuqaphela ukubaluleka ngummi ilahlekile (kwabafileyo), ukwamkelwa komntwana, ukuqatshelwa yokukhubazeka yabantu, esibhedlele elinyanzelekileyo njengesigulana esibhedlele engqondweni, nokuqatshelwa kwamalungelo ownerless kunye nokudluliselwa ubunini kwawo kwabasemagunyeni kunye nabanye.
• Ukuveliswa iimeko ezivela kwiinkqubo zoluntu. Xa babekwingingqi kumatyala olu hlobo iinkqubo ziquka: Kwimeko zabemi ukungenela nemimiselo ethile, izigqibo okanye izenzo amagunya asekuhlaleni okanye namanye amagunya karhulumente, kwakunye nezinye izinto unxibelelwano noluntu, kuqwalaselwe kuzo uchaphazela umsebenzi weNkundla Civil.

Kwicandelo Kwimeko labucala lomthetho abantu zomthetho ingqalelo zeengxoxo zamatyala okulamla, ingqiqo, iindidi apho edibene inkqubo yoluntu. Kodwa kukho umahluko: ezinye zeengxoxo zamatyala okulamla kuza iqela elizimeleyo, ezifana ngokutsha kumatyala nokuqatshelwa ungonakala (ngamanye amagama, lo kwakhubazeka lowo iqumrhu elisemthethweni), ngoxa lokungaphili osemthethweni kumntu zifakiwe kwi qela ekhethekileyo ukumangalelana yoluntu. Ngoko ke, iintlobo zeengxoxo zamatyala okulamla ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Simangalo.
• Special.
• Inkqubo kumatyala ezivela eluntwini.
• Ukuveliswa amatyala ungonakala.
• Amanye amatyala.

inkqubo yolawulo

Ummandla ukubuka yobulungisa lolawulo amatyala yacaciswa yindlu yowiso-mthetho njengendlela amatyala ekuhlaleni-yingozi. Oku ihambo ngokunxaxha, iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho yendlela, impahla yomnye umntu, kunye nabanye. Njengoko isohlwayo ngenxa yeziphoso zolawulo inokuba ecikizekileyo, ukuhluthwa amalungelo athile, kunyanzeleke ukuba enze inkonzo yoluntu.

Ukuveliswa wamacala

ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho afaneleke ulwaphulo-mthetho eyingozi eluntwini kwaye lubonakala kuqatha kakhulu ngaphezu kwalawo zolawulo. Ngako oko, isohlwayo kwizenzo ezinjalo kakhulu - ukubandezana umoni wenkululeko, leyo kwezinye iimeko ngenxa yeemeko ezinciphisa kungaba nemigomo (oko kukuthi, ngaphandle Ukuqhela umoni kwi iindawo yamabanjwa).

Iintlobo kwecala zahlulwe amanyathelo abucala njengotshaba, apho elinye iqela kufuna kwenye ndanditsaleleka nobutyala, iinkqubo zoluntu kunye njengotshaba, umtshutshisi apho igunya loluntu izenzo.