Ukumelana Frost ukuxhathisa wamanzi eziphathekayo. Grade yokuxhathisa Iqabaka eziphathekayo kunye nokumelana amanzi. admixtures eziphathekayo zokwenza manzi

Nangona neyantlukwano izinto zokwakha zale mihla, ikhonkrithi gqolo ukugcina indawo akhokelayo phakathi iinketho ezikhuphisanayo, kuba uneempawu ezifana ezibalulekileyo uqinile, ukuthembeka elide. Kuyinto njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo izisombululo wokudala iziseko, wokwakha, udaka kunye neminye imisebenzi yokwakha.

Water kweelana ngekhonkrithi, kwakunye yayo ukukwazi ukumelana sezulu esibi iimeko, ke eziphambili neempawu eziqinisekisa ende inkonzo ubomi ndigqibile mveliso. Ezi nqobo zokugweba oluphambili abazikhethele uhlobo lwesakhiwo eziphathekayo.

Eziphathekayo, ukumelana iqabaka kunye nokumelana namanzi ezo kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukuba kukho isiqinisekiso of umgangatho nokusebenza zokusebenza nayiphi design ezigqwesileyo. Phantsi kwezi Propati ukuthini ukukwazi ngekhonkrithi iimveliso ukumelana ezibi neziphumo zendalo ngezenzeko ezifana sokufuma, amanzi kunye elibi neqondo lobushushu.

Okwangoku, kukho kumabakala yokuxhathisa Iqabaka eziphathekayo kunye nokumelana amanzi, luphawulwa umgangatho, ixabiso kunye nezakhono zobugcisa. Le yokuhlela kunceda ukukhetha ngokupheleleyo ezifanelekileyo izinto izakhiwo, enzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Izitampu zingangenwa eziphathekayo

Kuxhomekeka iqondo ukumelana amanzi, i-eziphathekayo yahlulahlulwe brand ezilishumi eziphambili (GOST 26633). Bona ezichongiweyo ngeleta W Latin kunye ixabiso othile digital kubonisa xi ubuninzi bamanzi, leyo ukumelana uvavanyo isampuli eziphathekayo semilo zezindlu ka-15 cm ukuphakama ngexesha uvavanyo okhethekileyo.

Ukuzimisela yokuxhathisa wamanzi ikhonkrithi okwenzelwa kwizalathisi ngqo kunye engangqalanga yentsebenziswano yayo ngamanzi. Ngqo Izalathisi ziyasetyenziswa na grade ezinokwakheka zayo nama rate, kunye nengxelo- - umlinganiselo wamanzi nokufunxwa kwamanzi-isamente ratio ezibunzima.

Ngasese kunye nezorhwebo umsebenzi wokwakha ukufunda eziphathekayo amanzi ezingatshiyo, nikelani ingqalelo brand wayo, kwaye nezinye iikhrayitheriya ebalulekileyo kakhulu xa kusenziwa izinto zokwakha.

Iimpawu uphawu yemiyinge eziphathekayo yokusebenza manzi

Xa ukhetha igama ngekhonkrithi efunekayo ukwenza iintlobo ezithile kumsebenzi wokwakha kukhokelwa amanani index ezilandela oonobumba W, nezibonakalisa iqondo yentsebenziswano umbandela kunye ukufuma namanzi. Umzekelo, kweelana lisezantsi ebambekayo, ngoko ke, le libya, grade W2. Izisombululo kule isiseko ayikhuthazwa ukuba ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo namaqondo nokufuma eliphantsi.

degree eqhelekileyo permeability ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi w4 kwibakala. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubume unezixhobo amandla okutsala imali eqhelekileyo amanzi, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba zingangenwa elungileyo.
Kwi kulandelayo kwizithuba umgangatho isikali siyenza W6, esibonakala kancane permeability. Oku kubhekiselele kwezona imixube eziphathekayo kwizinga eliphakathi kunye nexabiso udidi ophantsi, yaye oku kubangelwe ukuthandwa lokusetyenziswa kwayo ekwakheni.

uphawu W8 eziphathekayo unalo permeability eliphantsi kuba ibizela ukufuma mu isixa% malunga 4.2 kuphela sobunzima bayo. Kuyinto indlela engcono ezibizayo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-uphawu W6.

grade belandela of eziphathekayo kunye nezalathiso 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 no 20. Ukuba liphakamile ixabiso lenani, izinto permeability asezantsi. Ngokutsho oluhlobo, uphawu kakhulu amanzi eziphathekayo na W20, kodwa hayi rhoqo kusetyenziswa ngenxa ixabiso eliphezulu.

Practical ukuzisebenzisa brand of eziphathekayo siyongena emanzini

Eziphathekayo ezininzi Kufanele kukhethwe nedlela yokusebenza iimeko bezinto. Umzekelo, ukuba agalele isiseko kakuhle lungiselelo uphawu W8 enikiweyo zingangenwa olongezelelweyo. Balutyabeka iindonga ukuvelisa amabakala eziphathekayo W8-w14. Noko ke, yonke into iyawulwa amanzi amagumbi kakhulu emanzi abandayo ngekhonkrithi kukuba ukuba eliphezulu, ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izisombululo iphezulu umgangatho kwaye zifuna unyango olongezelelweyo iindonga kunye basecoat okhethekileyo.

Umgangatho kunye neendonga engaphandle ixesha elide, ewagalela sites elinegadi namaculo kufuneka asebenzise eziphathekayo kunye neenqobo ubuninzi ukunganyangeki amanzi, njengoko ezi iindawo rhoqo abakhuselekanga iziphumo ezibi neemeko zemozulu lwangaphandle.

Kwezithako injalo ukuze akhusele izandla zabo

Imfuneko yokusebenzisa kwizinga eliphezulu imixube eziphathekayo ekuvelisweni ezinto okanye izinto zayo ezicacileyo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kufuna utyalo ebalulekileyo zemali ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu izinto ezinjalo. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokwakha elilinganiselweyo yaye ukugxojwa inkqubo akwamkelekanga? Impendulo ilula: ungasebenzisa kwizibhambathiso, oko kukuthi ukwandisa ukumelana amanzi le eziphathekayo kuphela.

Namhlanje, kukho abambalwa ngempumelelo iindlela ekunyukeni kweelana eziphathekayo somxube amanzi, kodwa ke omkhulu ukwanda ezimbini kuzo: ngokususa shrinkage of eziphathekayo kunye okwethutyana ukusebenza ngomhla eziphathekayo nokwakheka.

Inkqubo lomqhubi shrinkage of eziphathekayo

Concretes ephantsi eliphakathi grades ngokwaneleyo misindo izinto ngokulula ukufunxa ukufuma. Le propati ezigxekayo ziyanyuswa kwinkqubo shrinkage ngexesha Ukuqinisa yesisombululo. Ngoko ke, ukuphucula ukumelana umgangatho wamanzi ngekhonkrithi aokusetyenziswa ngokunciphisa degree of shrinkage.

Ukuphumeza iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo kuya kunceda indlela ehlanganisiweyo:

1. Kufuneka usebenzise i admixtures ezikhethekileyo eziphathekayo iyawulwa amanzi. Umgaqo tyando ukuba ngexesha Ukuqinisa i isisombululo ifomu a zokuzikhusela umboniso, ukuvimbela yayo shrinkage. Namhlanje imakethi inika iintlobo kwezithako ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi kuba manzi, yaye nakuba umsebenzi phambi kwabo kukho mnye, kodwa zonke khetho single uneempawu zawo, ngoko ngaphambi kokuba uthenge kufuneka ufunde ngenyameko imiyalelo lomenzi.
2. Ngaphezu kokuba idityaniswe eziphathekayo ukuya ongeziweyo ezikhethekileyo manzi, kucetyiswa ukuba ugalele amanzi. Le nkqubo lwenziwa iintsuku ezine zokuqala, kudluliswe iiyure 4. Okulandelayo, isakhiwo eziphathekayo kufuneka lomiswa iimeko zendalo.
3. Ngenxa komphunga olukhawulezayo ukufuma evela isisombululo ngexesha Ukuqinisa kwakhona lwenzeka shrinkage ezingathandekiyo. Ukuze abacothayo nkqubo, emva agalele wesakhiwo kufuneka ngoko nangoko legqunyiwe umboniso olulodwa, nto leyo ukhandwa amafu ukuthintela shrinkage kwaye ikhuthaza nokwanda ukuqina eziphathekayo. Ahlanganise ngendlela ungabinako angamchukumisi yokugcwalisa. Ecaleni iikona ushiye izithuba ezincinane umoya umoya.

Iimpembelelo yexeshana isakhiwo eziphathekayo

Le ndlela kukubonelela isisombululo olulophu "abaqolileyo 'kangangexesha elithile. Okufunekayo ephambili apha ukungqinelana neemeko ezifanele lokugcina. Lo mxube kufuneka kwindawo eshushu emnyama igumbi kwaye phantsi rhoqo ukufuma. Ngoko ke, emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuqina kwayo yamanzi uya kunyuka izihlandlo eziliqela.

ukumelana iqabaka eziphathekayo

Phantsi kwesi salathisi njengendlela ukukwazi ngekhonkrithi mixube retain their ngokwasemzimbeni matshini impahla kweemeko ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuqanda thawing. Olu phawu idlala indima ephambili xa kukhethwa concretes ukwenzela ukwakhiwa piers ibhulorho, isikhululo seenqwelo-moya kunye indlela iipavumente, yamanzi, izakhiwo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwezi ezinezinga embindini kunye wasentla.

Ukubekwa luzizi kweelana ngekhonkrithi ikhutshwa phandle laboratory iimvavanyo kusetyenziswa ezimbini ngeendlela: isiseko nolukhawuleziswayo. Ukuba iziphumo kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo, ziya kuthathelwa ingqalelo le datha okugqibela afunyenwe ngokusebenzisa indlela esisiseko.

Uphando yokumelana eziphathekayo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi

Lwenziwe ngokusebenzisa ezingundoqo ulawulo iisampuli, apho bagqibileyo evela kumabakala ngekhonkrithi ekukhuseleni serial uvavanyo. Control concrete okusilelayo zisetyenziswa ukugqiba zabo compressive namandla. Le nkqubo ikhutshwa phandle phambi iimvavanyo ezisisiseko iisampuli ukuba ziya kuba ngumkhenkce-nobudlelwane ezahlukeneyo iindlela saturation, ezenzeka zendalo zezulu iimeko.

Umzekelo:

• phambi kwelona nqanaba liphezulu komhlaba;
• e thawing yamaxesha ka permafrost;
• xa isetyenziswe kwezulu;
• xa engekho Ukwanda ngamaxesha athile, xa eziphathekayo lukhuselwe komhlaba kunye kwezulu.

Ulwahlulo Inqanaba yokuxhathisa Iqabaka eziphathekayo ngu brand

Ngokutsho uguqulelo lwe GOST entsha, grade ukumelana eziphathekayo iqabaka zibonakaliswe ngeleta Latin F. Eli xabiso ichaza inani eliphezulu yemijikelo yovalo / thawing, iisampulu ukumelana kwiminyaka ethile yeprojekthi kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuncipha uqine kwaye sehlise ubunzima umbandela ixabiso layo, ngaphandle kokuba imithetho nemigangatho esetyenziswayo.

Ukuqinisekisa inqanaba luzizi kweelana ngekhonkrithi wokwamanani amanani asetyenziswa ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya 1000. I elikhulu kwexabiso, bhetele umgangatho nokuthembeka eziphathekayo.

Imithetho ukukhethwa kwimixube eziphathekayo

Ukukhetha le grade elifunekayo kwimixube eziphathekayo kwiipropati iqabaka-resistant kufuneka wenziwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu zemozulu le ndawo, kwakunye nenani ukuqanda thawing imijikelo ngexesha kubanda. Qaphela ukuba uxhathiso ezininzi akunaye concretes kunye ezixineneyo.