Zamob Types: Classification

Ulwandle ibisoloko zifake abantu. kuphuhliswa Industry, izixhobo ezintsha oomatshini, yaye kungekudala inani elikhulu iinqanawa ngoMay. iintlobo zazo ichazwe kweli nqaku.

Yintoni inqanawe?

Ukuba uyakholwa izichazi-magama, umkhombe - oku inqanawa enkulu, enokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi. Loo nto inika umdla PAP kwaphela enxulumene ulwandle. Ngoko ke, kukho nangeziphekepheke, ezo abawathobanga emanzini kwaye inokubhabha ngaphaya iplanethi yethu. Kunye izazinzulu zabo uncedo ukufumana ulwazi malunga iphela yaye bafunda iinguqu ezenzeka kunye Umhlaba.

Phambi kokuba undixelele ukuba yintoni na iintlobo iinqanawa, kufuneka uphendule umbuzo ube mnye. kubume bayo siyifumana yokuba nayiphi na inkcazelo yegama elithi "inqanawa" wafumana elinye igama "inqanawa". Kutheni le nto isenzeka? Isibakala sokuba "inqanawa" - ingqiqo ebanzi ebandakanya zonke iintlobo zezithuthi ezidadayo, ukusukela izikhephe ukuya ethwala enkulu.

Zintoni iinqanawa?

Kukho ezahlukileyo ukuhlela iinqanawa. Ngamnye kubo lidibanisa ncam ngokungafaniyo inqanawa qho ethile. Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo inqanawa ixhomekeke:

• Le ndawo ngalo ndlela idlula.
• Kwi indlela nohlobo intshukumo.
• Koko injini ephambili.
• Le sesakhiwo benqanawa kunye material yenziwe kuzo.

Ezo ndlela yokuhlelwa iinqanawa, ezifakwe kuluhlu kweli nqaku kuthathwa abangabancedani. Amukela ngokusemthethweni ehlabathini lonke. Ngelo xesha, ukuba azithathwa kubalulekile. Ulwahlulo ibalulekileyo - icandelo iinqanawa ngeentlobo ngokwenjongo yayo.

ukuqeshwa imikhumbi

iintlobo nqanawa zahlukile. Amaninzi, baye bohlulwa babe ngamaqela idinga. Ngenxa yoko, phantse onke amazwe ehlabathini yamkela yokuhlela ilandelayo iinqanawa:

• Zokuhamba.
• Ngenkonzo nangenkxaso.
• Fishing.
• kwathunyelwa imikhumbi Technical.

imikhumbi Transport

Isiseko nesinqanawa naliphi karhulumente imikhumbi. Nabo ke, nazo yahlulwe ngamaqela. Eyona eziphambili ze iinqanawa kolu didi:

• Umkhweli. Oko kumagumbi ahlukeneyo abantu beme kubo, ukusuka kwindawo enye kwimephu kwenye. Bayakwazi ukubamba ngaphezu kokuba abantu kweshumi ngexesha. Ukwahlula inani elikhulu lwezikhephe ezinjalo. Nkqu ezinye iintlobo iimpahla usiya, abe kweli qela.
• Freight. Zahlula-hlulwe ngamaqela amabini: injongo jikelele kunye neenqanawa ezizodwa.

imikhumbi impahla Dry

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, le iinqanawa imithwalo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu. ukuba yahlulwe ezincane, nazo. konke kuxhomekeke koko ziya kuthuthwa ngabo. Ngoko ke, jikelele, injongo izitya impahla owomileyo ihamba umthwalo jikelele. Ukwakhiwa iinqanawa ezo inokuthatha ezimbalwa iinqaba, enye, ezimbini okanye ezintathu ube kunye negumbi injini.

izithuthi ezizodwa esetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Bathwala iimveliso ezonakalayo. Iinqanawa abasuntsubala nabo, ngokuba efrijini. Ukuba iimpahla bazifumene iindawo kwangaphambili kwisingxobo enkulu, ngoko yayigcwele kwi kwisikhongozeli enqanaweni. Kuba oko ilungiselelwe yokuhamba kwi erhuqwayo, idale olunye uhlobo iinqanawa - erhuqwayo.

nemithwalo Bulk, ezifana nsimbi, amalahle, isichumiso, izixhobo zokwakha, ingqolowa,-akhawunti kuba ngaphezu kwe asixhenxe ekhulwini into ihanjiswa ngolwandle. Ngoko ke, inkundla, leyo ayinayo igama ngqo, yaye kuya kusanda ukuthandwa kwaye ngokukhawuleza ngomkhukula izithuba amanzi. Nokubaza - imikhumbi ukuba zothutho nezemithi, imithi kunye nezinye izinto. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba ngesantya sabo abakwazi ukufikelela amaqhina ngaphezulu kwama-15. Noko ke, nangoku ngokufuthi zisetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo.

umkhumbi

Ukuba abathwali bulk athwale into ayichitheki, i zidlula eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuthutha ulwelo. Le oyile kunye neemveliso ezisekelwe kuyo, iigesi ezahlukeneyo,-asidi kunye namachiza. Kukho izikhephe baninzi esilungiselelwe ukuthutha imithwalo engamanzi. Oku kulandelayo iintlobo eziphambili iinqanawa (Ifoto izikhephe ezahlukeneyo inokubonwa kwinqaku) kolu didi. Benza i inxalenye enkulu neempahla imithwalo, bewuhlisele emanzini.

• Ethwala - zezona zinto zithandwa kwiqela layo. ke balungiselela ukuba isakhiwo yabo iquka iibhulorho inguqu, iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo. Bona kunokususa umthwalo, leyo kulinganiswa ubunzima amawaka eetoni. Kwaye - ubuncinane. Imithwalo esisinda sele ithunyelwa kubo, babe Ungaveyisha amane anamanci lamawaka. Kakade ke, iinqanawa abavumi ekwaziyo loo ubungnqongqo ezi supertankers.
• LNG - isitya zothutho zendalo, ioli nezinye iigesi. Ulwelo apakishwe ngenyameko, ibekwe kwindawo epholileyo. Imithwalo ezibekwe kule imikhumbi senza umonakalo, ngoko ke kuphuhliswa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokukhusela umlilo.

Court empini

Phantse zonke lithi ziye imikhosi exhobileyo. Njengoko ezibalulekileyo ulwandle umlambo iindlela, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela ilizwe ukusuka kweli cala. Ngoko ke, iinqanawa ezizodwa zakhiwa, ezo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zomkhosi. Kwakhona kusetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimpahla nezixhobo zobugcisa, ezifana ntaka.

uhlobo iinqanawa "Mistral" - jikelele. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba enze imisebenzi emininzi. Ngoko ke linokuyiqhuba igqampe unit zomkhosi njini phezu komhlaba. Bathi nje ukwamkela, kodwa ukukhonza yokulwa ntaka. Ukongeza, iziko umyalelo, kwaye nkqu isibhedlele edada lube kubo.

Types of imikhumbi Russian

Ngomhla kummandla welizwe lethu ukusebenzisa Ukuhlelwa efanayo iinqanawa nje ehlabathini lonke. iinqanawa okt idada emilanjeni kunye neelwandle ze Russia, nazo bohlulwa kungekwamthwalo abakhweli, imithwalo, kunye nomkhosi kunye nezinye. Kakade ke, wonke umntu nakanjani na edibene imicimbi lwaselwandle kunye nokwakhiwa neenqanawa, eziqhelekileyo kunye ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo yokuhlelwa iimpahla iintlobo.