Ulungelelwaniso ivili efanelekileyo. Le ukusebenza ngomhla drivability

ulungelelwaniso ivili zidlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni isithuthi - ngentlonelo efanelekileyo, baya ukwandisa ubomi amacandelo ahlukeneyo, kwakunye nokuphuculwa intuthuzelo yokuhambisa. Kodwa abaninzi baqonde njani ukuthobela nabo yaye oko ukwenza ntoni.

Kuthetha ntoni njani?

Ngokusesikweni, ivili kufuneka kusoloko mayixhonywe ncam aa Incopho endleleni, kunye engile ulungelelwaniso ivili enjalo zivumela ukufezekisa uzinzo eliphezulu, nokunika edada. Ukongeza, ukuthobela lo mgaqo kunciphisa isondo kukuwohloka amafutha, nto leyo nayo kuba nefuthe kakhulu entle ukusebenza kwesithuthi. Ngelishwa, le efanelekileyo ayikwazi kuphunyezwa.

Wheel Ulungelelaniso rhoqo ukutshintsha ngexesha utshintsho iimeko zendlela, umthwalo, okanye kwiimbombo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko abayili azidityaniswa emotweni ezimbalwa elinesibini eyahlukileyo parameters emisela indawo eyiyo ukulungiselela iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Inkoliso yezi parameters zichazwe njengoko amaxabiso rhoqo, ngeli lixa ulungelelwaniso ivili enye zilungiswe ngexesha nokusebenza isithuthi.

Xa iimoto mihla kwaye inikeza kuphela hlengiso ezifana parameters njengoko toe, kodwa oku kubonakala ukuba icala, kukho kwakhona nezingalunganga. Umzekelo, ukuba ngenxa umonakalo emzimbeni okanye eyaphukileyo geometry umzimba isisu semoto, oko kwenziwa ulungelelwaniso ivili, kwaye ukuba hlengiso yenziwa ukuhlangabezana kuphela, oko kuyimfuneko ukuze enze na ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo iindawo ochaphazelekayo, ezo ngokufuthi zitshiphu ngaphantsi kude.

Abone pitch

Kulinganiselwa phakathi nkqo kunye nomgca leyo udlula kumbindi ukujikeleza of iibheringi ibhola, yaye isibakala sokuba inkxaso bahambahamba -moya eyayingqalene esqwini longitudinal. Kuyanceda ukuba zokuzinzisa amavili bandahlukanisa, oko kukuthi, ovumela emotweni ukuya ngqo ukuba umqhubi ayikho ubambe ivili lokuqhuba. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olubonakalayo lwe okuphosela ukukhumbula isithuthuthu okanye ibhayisekile, apho kwikholam esungulayo lihlala osimelela emva, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ebudeni mbutho, ukuba ekhohlo hlengiso angela kwamavili, basoloko ezama ukubuyela kwindawo tye.

Oku kungenxa okuphosela ukuba umqhubi lowo engabambe yona ivili lokuqhuba, imoto ohamba ngqo, kwaye emva kokuvula ivili uqala ukubuyela ngokuzenzekela kwindawo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba utshintsha eliyi amavili ngaphambili, ngoko ke isithuthi iya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukulawula, kuba kufuneka sihlale iteksi, nto leyo kakhulu umsebenzi edinayo, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa umqhubi kodwa ngenxa amavili balo, ziguge ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba uCaster inyuswe, ngoko ke umatshini uya kuqala ukuya endleleni, ngokungathi emkhondweni kanye ukujikeleza ivili uya kufuna amandla enzima kakhulu emzimbeni. Kakade ke, konke oku kungentla isebenza ngakumbi ngasemva imoto drive ivili apho asi yangaphambili kulawulwa noko eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yokuba naye okuphosela phambi-wheel ezincinane ixabiso entle ukuze uzinzise amavili ngexesha sigudle kwaye xa elekhtrons ngesiquphe okanye imithwalo lateral.

Ukuba angles kweevili bandahlukanisa ziyafakwa ngokungachanekanga, imoto uqala ukuya kwicala isindululo, yaye umqhubi kuya kufuneka sizibhokoxe umzamo omkhulu ukuba isithuthi sakhe emacaleni ekhohlo nasekunene.

Camber angle

Kulinganiselwa phakathi moya nkqo nokujikeleziswa kwevili. Ngamanye amazwi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inkqubo intshukumo okanye umthwalo utshintsho axis nesakhelo nofakelo zokuxhathisa angles amavili engalawulekiyo ngokunxulumene indlela kufuneka bahlale phakathi kwemida ethile. Kwimeko nakumphezulu kweevili kuphambuka ekuweni yangaphandle ekuthiwa HIV, kwaye ukuba ibheke izibilini - negative. Ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezinxaxhileyo umyalelo, leyo isincomo yi-ulungelelwaniso ivili data, imoto oluqalayo ukuba kude ecaleni, kwaye kukho ezimagqagala anyathele banxibe.

convergence

Lo engile phakathi isithuthi axis longitudinal kunye moya ukujikeleza ivili. Ukufaka engile toe ivili ivumela ukufikelela kwisikhundla zichanekile onke ngezantya, kungakhathaliseki engile eququzelelayo yemoto. Ukuba kukho ukuhlangabezana okwandileyo, oku kuphakamisa banxibe sawtooth phezu inxalenye olungaphandle enilinyatheleyo, lo gama i-engile ezingentle kanye isenjalo ngaphakathi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa iingxaki ezinjalo ukuqala squealing ngamatayara ngexesha cornering kakhulu kuncitshiswa controllability isithuthi, kwaye amafutha kwandisa kakhulu, ekubeni kukho ukwanda ukumelana lothuli neseevili ngaphambili, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi isithuthi ukugudla.

Ukongeza kwezi, kukho kwakhona ezi-engile, ukuba isiganeko ayinqweneleki - oku engile intshukumo kunye ukushenxiswa omnye okanye ngaphezulu nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi. Ukuba umqhubi lijongene neengxaki ezinjalo, kufuneka uthumele imoto ukuya yokuvasa imoto, apho engile kweevili ziya kutshekishwa ngamagcisa. "Nissan" kunye nezinye iimoto ezikumgangatho ophezulu amazwe kwakhona phantsi iingxaki ezifanayo, nokuba kukho rhoqo ngaphezu kuyimfuneko ukuze balungise nokunqunyanyiswa okanye ukubuyisela umzimba emotweni.

Xa yaye kutheni mmiselo ikhutshwa phandle?

Xa iimoto ezininzi brand Nissan, Vaz, kunye nabanye ezingachazwanga baxhotyiswa ukunqunyanyiswa "McPherson", kwawa amavili ngaphambili amaninzi ixabiso elincinane entle ^{(0 ukuya ku-45),} ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe umgudu kwivili lokuqhuba, kwakunye njengoko ethotywe transfer egopheni zonke iintlobo uphakamisa. Ukuba isithuthi ezisebenza ukunqunyanyiswa "McPherson", amavili ayinanto okanye akukho camber negative.

Xa ukusebenza iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo lokunqunyanyiswa benithobele yokonakala yesiqhelo kunye iinyembezi, engile ufakelo yenyathelela phantsi. Kungenxa yoko le nto kumaxesha ngamaxesha (ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo) kufuneka ukuba umlinganiselo engile neseevili angasemva kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuze bajongane kumgaqo zabo.

Kudla "nezingacwangciselwanga" ulungiso efunekayo izithuthi mihla emva kokuba zicinywe zonke iintlobo kwemingxuma okanye imiqobo, yaye emva kokuthabatha inxaxheba ingozi ukuba kubangele umonakalo emzimbeni. Ukuba uphawula naluphi na utshintsho ukuziphatha kumatshini ngenxa Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ngoko nangoko ungayithumela kwisikhululo nkonzo.

Ukongeza, kuyenzeka ukuba kufuneka uye kwi 'razvalschikam "emva iindawo zatshintshwa zokumiswa steering, echaphazela indawo yamavili.

Ukuba awudutyaniswanga ujongene nayo nayiphi na kwezi zingasentla, kodwa ucinga ukuba unayo kweSebe ulungelelwaniso ivilana kantu, ngoko uzame ukuhlalutya imeko yangoku nokuqonda oko kwandulelwa lutshintsho kwi umlinganiswa drive. Umzekelo, ukuba uye wasebenzisa enye neevili, zibe, kwimeko ukungalingani kuyenzeka lokungcangcazela kunye ezimagqagala anyathele banxibe. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba xa ukuqinisa zaneleyo emotweni ivili nezitshixo kunokuligungqisa amaxesha, yaye ukongezelela, iziphene singadinwa, ubukhulu obahlukileyo, iipatheni nkqu iqondo kwimpompo nako kunokukhokelela ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga imoto yakho endleleni.

Ukuba imoto itsala bucala, ngokufuthi yenzeka ngenxa elekhtrons neseevili, kwakunye ngenxa ukwahluleka nendlela ayaphula okunene, ngelixa absorbers umothuko eyaphukileyo kuchaphazela ngokungalunganga ukuziphatha imoto yakho endleleni. Heavy ukujikeleza booster kungenxa yeengxaki kwi actuator ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, kwaye ukuhla intonga ngaphandle ke unobangela iibheringi zamavili.

Ngoko ke, ukuba usoloko "isono" kwi engile kweevili. Zitsha kunye nezinye iimoto basekhaya isengozini ngokukhethekileyo ukungasebenzi enjalo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba uqale ukuhlola kunye nabo.

Apho ukuyilungisa?

Kuqala kwinto zonke, zama ukufumana iinkosi yobungcali ngokwenene, yaye musa ukuzama ukujonga abantu ngezixhobo engcono nqwelo. Inkonzo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweemfuno zabo, njengoko kungenjalo uza kuhlawula ngoko okunene ekungekho mfuneko.

Umzekelo, ukuba umatshini zikwimeko entle, kwaye nje ufuna ukuba ahlole aze alungise nakubhontsi, oku akuthethi ukusebenzisa 3D-stand ukuma engile kwevili. Liyincutshe onamava ezimbini ukumelana neengxaki ezinjalo, usebenzisa intonga yokulinganisa, niphakamise ibhanile, isiphumo esifanayo uya kunikela ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Ukuba ufuna ukukhangela yonke geometry, kukho sele kufuneka ngokwenene izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.

Njani na izixhobo?

Imele, nto leyo ikhangelwe ulungelelwaniso ivili kunye ukulungiswa, yahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili - computer nezibonwa. ukhetho ngamnye iimpawu zayo kunye nezibonelelo.

okubonakalayo

Ezi nqwelo zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini - laser kunye nomqadi. Kwixesha elidlulileyo njengomthombo ukukhanya usisibane ntambo. ukuba aba vimba ezimbini nezicwangcisiweyo ezintendeni, lize icala kunye phambi isithuthi enyusiweyo izikrini umlinganiselo apho umqadi ukukhanya afakwa. Xa kulawulwa engile kweevili emotweni, imiqadi zibhekiswa kwi bar yokulinganisa, ibekwe phambi matshini. Laser nabo ngazo zichanile kwaye kube lula ukusebenza kunye inkosi ngokwayo. Kwicala ngalinye wokuphakamisa okanye emhadini imvelaphi izikrini yolinganiso embindini apho emngxunyeni senziwa, ekuthe laser ezilungiselelwe omnye komnye. Ngamavili enyusiweyo isipili apho imitha ziboniswe kwi izikrini.

Inzuzo kwizitulo ezamehlo yi eyeke kunye nokuthembeka ukusetyenziswa kunye nendleko eziphantsi kakhulu, kodwa ezingalunganga kakhulu ebalulekileyo. Kuqala kwinto zonke, alungile ngaphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-computer, unako ukusebenza ngaxeshanye kuphela axis oluthile lwesithuthi, yaye musa nokubonelela ngamathuba ngokusebenzisa isiseko ekhethekileyo imifanekiso data. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, awanalo ithuba ukulinganisa eziliqela parameters ukuba ziimpawu "geometry 'yonke le moto. Ngoko ke, ukuba isithuthi ezisebenza ukunqunyanyiswa multi-link, khangela hlengiso kweevili kwizitulo ezamehlo kokuba contraindicated.

computer

Olu hlobo ukuma kwakhona une zenyathi ezimbini - yinto 3D kunye CCD (Pick). Kwixesha elidlulileyo yevili ngalinye esisigxina iintloko, ogama data ziya kusingathwa computer yokulinganisa. Yi indlela esisetyenziswe unxulumano phakathi iibhodi zinokuba iintloko Cordova kunye igxunyekwe infrared okanye wireless. Uhlobo lokugqibela sithetha nje eqhelekileyo kakhulu, kodwa ke xa ukhetha kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo into yokuba kude kube namhlanje wambi kusetyenziswa ikhompyutha umi loop esivulekileyo na ukusebenza mbi kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa izixhobo ivaliwe.

Izinto eziluncedo nqwelo computer zisekuhleni: izinto ezininzi, ukuchaneka phezulu kakhulu, ubuchule ekujongeni iimpawu ezininzi, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa ledatha ngokuqhubekayo yahlaziywa. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba esi sixhobo lisetyenziswa nenkqubo ekhethekileyo ebalisa ubucukubhede ulandelelwano. Kodwa liboniswa azikho ngaphandle ezingalunganga - bathanda abenzi boluvo kunokuba ethe, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ukukhanya nobushushu.

Nokufika computer 3D zezibane kwenzeka ngokoqobo revolution kwinkalo lovavanyo nolungelelaniso ivili. On the counter phambi imoto Iqinisekile ikhamera eyodwa ekuvumela ukuba ukulungisa imeko ngeethagethi zeplastikhi kubonakalisa ezintendeni ngokuchanileyo ogqibeleleyo. Ukulinganisa ekujikeni, ndikhwele nje imoto emva naphambili iisentimitha nje 20-30, uze uvule ivili lokuqhuba kumacala ahlukeneyo. Emva koko, ulwazi olufunyenwe video, kusingathwa ngononophelo computer, khupha ezi zejometri iparameters eziyimfuneko ngexesha lenene. technology enjalo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba "Umbono umatshini".

ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe yokuba mihla 3D-imiboniso, ngokungafaniyo abanye, ayiboneleli ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela imoto kwi kumphezulu ngokugqibeleleyo tyaba.

kothi esihle

Ithunyelwe, ukuhlelwa zingasetyenziswa kuphela xa kuwe okulungileyo steering nokumiswa phambi hlengiso luya kwenziwa, inkosi kufuneka ikhangelwe ezi parameters. Lo matshini uphakanyiselwa kwi lift, uze oyingcali lihlola kwaye imenza kweevili, zokuxhathisa, iintonga, imithombo uze wenze nezinye izenzo eziyimfuneko.

Kunyanzelekile lulinganiselwa kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, bazisa elinomoya omcinci yesiqhelo. Xa ngovukelo mkhulu kakhulu, okanye nawuphi na umonakalo emzimbeni kwiindawo ezizodwa kufuneka ukuba uyeke inkqubo kwaye lokulandula umxhasi ekwenzeni uhlengahlengiso, ukuba awunako ukusombulula ingxaki ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba kunjalo, bangabi sakufumana engeyoyesiqhelo, isithuthi imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwiqonga oxwesileyo, uze emva koko kwixesha lolayisho ngokuhambelana ngokupheleleyo kunye nezincomo lomenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba isityalo ezazichazwa engeli umthwalo ethile, apho kuya kubakho kophulwa ngqo uzama ukulungisa ukuba engenanto ngokupheleleyo matshini. Ukufaka iindawo ukunqunyanyiswa kwindawo yayo yokuqala ukusebenza kunye prozhimayut amandla, ngokucinezela emqolo phambi isithuthi. Ukuthintela iimpazamo ezinzulu ngexesha imilinganiselo, ziqhuba imbuyekezo runout preliminary umcimbi kuma yenziwa ukulungiswa. Ukwenza le nkqubo ngeposi axis inkosi, amavili ayinakutshintshwa yokulinganisa, bandule ke skrolela. On mihla 3D-limi imbuyekezo yenziwa bengayixhomanga kumatshini lothuli kumacala ahlukeneyo nge 20-30 cm.

Njani na utshintsho?

Ekubeni bonke engile ufakelo zihlobene, xa ngokulungelanisa imeko nabasebenzayo bazama ukulandela ulandelelwano ngqo kakhulu. Okokuqala kukho ummiselo kukaCastor, kwaye ke utshintsho sele phantsi camber ndlela kunye toe. Abaninzi yeemoto mihla angaphandle ikhutshwa phandle sisicwangciso kuphela parameter lokugqibela.

Ukulungisa le kukaCastor kuquka ukutshintsha inani iinjongo, kunye amavili imoto braked inkqubo elekhtrons (kodwa hayi i handbrake) - lisetyenziswa kwi zocweyo abazinikeleyo lock keyovo. Enyanisweni, uCastor inkqubo ukulungiswa yenye yezona ixesha elide ukuba 'razvalschikov "kuthatha ixesha, kwaye abaninzi kangaka andiyithandi loo nto. Ezinye iingcali banokude Wanqumla iinjongo basike, ngoxa abanye bamane akugxininisi kukaCastor okanye uzame ukweyisela abathengi ukuba le engile ukuze, ngoko kusoloko kuyimfuneko ukuba qwa.

Ukulungisa camber kabini wishbones kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo njengoko kunjalo kukaCastor. On kokunqunyanyiswa udidi "MacPherson" kwiimeko ezininzi, utshintsho camber ikhutshwa phandle ejikelezayo ubethwe ekhethekileyo lukhuni, ngalo nedawo sibethelelwe ukuya ngenqindi, kodwa ezinye embodiments zingasetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iindlela, endaweni kwasiso yindlela ekhethekileyo utshibilize okanye element ngokulungisa na kubekwa emazantsi lever. Kukho kwakhona loo yoyilo apho hlengiso camber lwenziwa ngokushukumisa elibizwa ukulenza.

Phambi kokuba ukufeza hlengiso zokuhlangabezana, ingcaphephe kufuneka kuqala ufake kwindawo ephakathi nedawo, neseevili kufuneka ume nkqo, kwaye busisigxina ngesihlwitha okhethekileyo. I-hlengiso yenziwa ngokulungisa lugs ukujikeleza coupling kwicala ngalinye (kuyo nayiphi na imeko kungekhona audio). Enye umqondiso ekunene operation ukulawulwa indawo ngqo ngaphandle naziphi na ukuphazamiseka sihamba yomgama. Ubuncinane ngokwale phawu ungasoloko ubone hlengahlengiso kangakanani, yaye baya kukunceda ukuba ukwazi ukumelana neengxaki ngexesha umgangatho ukhwele lwenziwa.