Ungcoliseko ezilwandle

Iminyaka, imisebenzi yabantu awuyitshintshanga le umhlaba ovuthuzayo ngaphaya ukuqatshelwa, kunye nobungakanani olu tshintsho, ngakumbi okuqhubekayo ngakumbi ngenxa kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe olukhawulezileyo. Uphando kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, iingcali ze-US National Centre for Uhlalutyo lomhlaba kunye Udibaniso, wabonisa ukuba ama-40% ye-umthamo wolwandle lwehlabathi similise phantsi kwempembelelo yomntu, hayi ngcono. Abaphandi lahlaziya imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo 17 ezichaphazela ngokuphawulekayo ungcoliseko ehlabathini ocean -. Inkunkuma Radioactive, greenhouse gases, ukuthutha, njl, kwakunye ukuthathela ingqalelo imiba kwemichiza - oyile, izichumisi, isinyithi, njl

Baye benza kwisigqibo yedanisayo. Kwathi kanti, kwiindawo ezininzi ongcolileyo yolwandle unguye Sea: I-Norwegian, North, South China kunye East China. Oku kungenxa yokuba amanzi zabo bakwezolimo amaqonga amaninzi oyile ayenziwa lokuloba, kwakunye apha kuwa imilambo ingcole. Isicoci kancinci kwaye lweMeditera kuLwandle Japan, kwakunye amanzi onxweme le United States empumalanga. Apha enabantu abaninzi ugu yamanzi amaninzi kunawo.

Kukho, Kakade ke, kwihlabathi kweendawo olwandle namava impembelelo womntu, kodwa bahlala% 3 kuphela amanzi ehlabathini. Bona kufuphi zezibonda.

Makhe sihlolisise kwimithombo emininzi, le mpembelelo kwi ungcoliseko kolwandle ehlabathini.

Enye inxalenye yeoli engundoqo angena ethwala zokulinganisa amanzi okanye kumsele wamanzi ehlabathini okanye ukuvuza, ngelixa imveliso kunye nokuthuthwa yayo. Nyaka ngamnye, i-Ocean agcwaliswa million 10 iitoni zeoli. I-oyile nesigcawu esele yenziwe-20% yendawo yehlabathi.

inkunkuma eqhumayo, nto leyo echaphazela eziphilayo kolwandle jikelele, naye umele nengozi enkulu ubomi babeziindleko zamanzi kunye ezinzulwini zomhlaba. Ukususela ngo-1946, kwaqalisa ngawona esebenzayo inkunkuma eqhumayo kwifomu lulwelo emanzini olwandle kunye nokulahlwa ezi kunye nezinye inkunkuma komile ngamazwe afana UK, USA, eFransi, eItali, waseUSSR, eJamani, njl

Izitshabalalisi isongela nangakumbi eziphilayo olwandle. okwenziwe ziyadalwa izinto ezisetyenziswayo lokulawula izifo zezityalo kunye nezinambuzane. Nokuveliswa zinambuzane kuvelisa byproducts ukuba bahlanganisane ukuze ilindle kwaye kungcolise kuzo kwaye ke kweyela elwandle.

surfactants Synthetic (umphezulu arhente esebenzayo) baye benza igalelo elikhulu ungcoliseko kolwandle ehlabathini. Iisepha eziyinxalenye zinambuzane iisepha nesiseko zokwenziwa ukuba isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabantu, ukwehlisa imeko phezu kwamanzi. Bona eziqulathe izithako ezinobungozi ezibangela umonakalo ezingenakulungiswa ukuba eziphilayo emanzini.

Carcinogens zikholisa aguqulayo umsebenzi kwaye kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka lophuhliso osandul kunye wezakhi zonke eziphilileyo. mthombo yabo ke yokubola organic izinto ngokutshiswa izinto ezahlukeneyo, amafutha kunye neenkuni. izinto umhlaza zichaphazela ungcoliseko lwamanzi. ingqalelo kumanzi zehlabathi ngaphezu kwe-100 ug / kg into owomileyo.

I enzima asetyenziswe kwimveliso oluwe ulwandlekazi, zimele ezinobungozi ukuba biocenosis zaselwandle, ingakumbi isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, imetyhuri bakhokele. ngonyaka ngamnye kule kwehayidrosfere iphoswe malunga 455 lamawaka. iitoni mercury kunye neetoni 15-30 welothe.

Amazwe amaninzi abanofikelelo kulo ulwandle, amanzi akhutshelwa inkunkuma ngenjongo yokulahla. Ingakumbi, le inkunkuma yenziwa izinto ezifana zeBlack inkunkuma eqinileyo ukubhola, kwaye imichiza weziqhushumbisi, ishishini iimveliso icala, ubutyobo, njl Umthamo yokungcwaba ukuya kwi-10% ngokobunzima yonke imiba zongcoliseko olwandle.

Kakade ke, amanzi zimpahla self-ukucoca, kodwa imida ethile. Loo ungcoliseko elinqatyisiweyo elwandle, abakwazi ujikelezise. Ngoko ke, abantu kufuneka ucinge ngokulondoloza imithombo yamanzi, apho ngowona mthombo obalulekileyo iimfuno komzimba sabemi behlabathi.