Baxhomekeka. Artificial Earth satellite

Iziphekepheke ngokwahlukahlukana kwayo yonke - zombini ikratshi kunye nenkxalabo eluntwini. indalo yazo kwakhokelwa yimbali ende nasekuphuhliseni inzululwazi nobugcisa. Space Age, evumela abantu ujonge ihlabathi ahlala kuyo, iqhutywe ukuba kwisigaba entsha yophuhliso. Rocket emkhathini namhlanje - akukho nto iphupha, kwaye wanyamekela ngabasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu bajongene neengxaki ukuphucula ubugcisa ezikhoyo. Ngomhla Ziziphi iintlobo zezithuthi isithuba ayikhuphi nokuba zahluke enye kwenye, iza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku.

definition

Iziphekepheke - igama lunezinto naziphi na izixhobo yenzelwe ukusebenza emajukujukwini. Kukho iinketho ezininzi yokuhlela. Kwimeko kwecacileyo, khupha isiphekepheke swi kwaye yaqonda. Yangaphambili, ke ngoko nohlulwe iinqanawa space kunye nezikhululo. Ezahlukeneyo izakhono zabo neenjongo, ayefana ngandlela ezininzi isakhiwo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo.

Iimpawu flight

Nayiphi isiphekepheke emva kokuqala udlula amanyathelo amathathu ezinkulu: ekususeni komzila okunene eziphaphazelayo kokwehla. Inqanaba lokuqala ibandakanya nophuhliso isantya izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze ufikelele isithuba ongaphandle. Ukuze ukungena orbit, ixabiso layo kufuneka 7.9 km / s. bekukubi Full ukoyisa ezisentlabathini kuquka uphuhliso yesibini Velocity isithuba esilingana 11.2 km / s. Nantso into ihamba rocket emajukujukwini, xa injongo yawo kukuvumela ukususa iinxalenye imihla yonke.

Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe kwalawo kufuneka ibe linyathelo yesibini. Ekuhambeni kwe isindululo Orbital ye-flight iziphekepheke kwenzeka inertia ngenxa kokuba unikezelo kubanika. Ekugqibeleni, lo xesha lokuhlala kuthatha ukwehliswa isantya inqanawa, satellite okanye isitishi ukya ekupheleni nya.

"Filling"

iziphekepheke nganye lixhotyiswe kunye nezibonelelo utshatise imisebenzi leyo kuthiwa phezu ukuyisombulula. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko iphambili ngenxa izixhobo ekujoliswe ekuthiwa kuyimfuneko nje ukuba afumane iinkcukacha kunye nophando ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi. Ezinye izixhobo kwi kwisiphekepheke efanayo. Oku kuquka iinkqubo zilandelayo:

• umbane - ngokufuthi ngokubonelela iziphekepheke ebalulekileyo solar energy okanye radioisotope iibhetri, iibhetri imichiza, zamandla zenyukliya;
• Nathi - wenziwe usebenzisa uphawu wave erediyo, kude kakhulu ukusuka Umhlaba kubaluleke ngokukodwa ke nokukhomba echanileyo-eriyali;
• imfuyo - inkqubo uphawu iziphekepheke swi, ngenxa yakhe, kunokwenzeka phambi kwabantu ebhodini;
• Ukuziqhelanisa - kwakunye nayiphi na eminye imikhonjana, isithuba exhobele nezibonelelo yokumisela rhoqo isikhundla sawo isithuba;
• intshukumo - yenjini ze iziphekepheke ukuvumela ukuba utshintshe isantya moya, kwakunye lwayo.

ngezigaba

Enye Indlela ngokuba ukwahlula iintlobo iziphekepheke - le ndlela yokusebenza, nokumisela izakhono zabo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu bodwa izixhobo:

• ohlala kwelinye emzileni geocentric, okanye iisathelayithi ezenziwe;
• abo Injongo kukuba ukufunda kwezikhululo isithuba elikude - isikhululo oluzenzekelayo omncane;
• ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha abantu okanye imithwalo efunekayo ukuba ukujikeleza umhlaba wethu, zibizwa nangeziphekepheke, ukuba automated okanye swi;
• yakhelwe abantu bahlala isithuba ixesha elide - i isikhululo Orbital ;
• inxaxheba ukunikezelwa abantu imithwalo ukuya komzila kumphezulu-langa, zibizwa ukuba behle;
• ukukwazi ukuba bahlole umhlaba, ngoko nangoko ii-kumphezulu wayo, ufuduke ngayo - ukuba yemihlaba.

Makhe ihlale phezu kwezinye iintlobo.

Satellites (satellites yokufakelwa)

Kwisiphekepheke uqala emajukujukwini baba iisathelayithi ezenziwe. Physics kunye nemithetho yayo kukwenza ukususa nasiphi na isixhobo efanayo umngeni orbit. Nasiphi na isixhobo kufuneka boyise nokutsala umhlaba, yaye emva koko akuyi kuwa phezu kwayo. Ukuze wenze oku, umele yisa satellite kunye kwisantya wokuqala cosmic okanye kancinci ngokukhawuleza. Iplanethi ukukhululwa yethu olunemiqathango umda esezantsi kumakhaya kunokwenzeka (udlula kwintaba ephakame 300 km). ukubekwa Futshane iya kukhokelela kwisixhobo elekhtrons ngokwanelisayo olukhawulezileyo kwiimeko emoyeni.

Ekuqaleni, kuphela kwizomelezi nga kulunikela orbit satellites ngumntu. Physics, Noko ke, ngaba ukuma ngxi, kunye neendlela ezintsha ziyaphuhliswa namhlanje. Ngoko ke, enye iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje - ukuqalela lebhodi kwenye satellite. It uceba ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela.

Umzila we-Hewana Bajikeleza Umhlaba, ukuze balala obude ahlukeneyo. Ngokwendalo, oku kuxhomekeke kwixesha efunekayo enye ngeenxa zonke. Satellites ixesha kwegazi apho iintsuku ngokulinganayo, ibekwa ukuze ngokuba orbit. Kucingwa ebaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba izixhobo zayo ezicwangciswayo; kuba mkhanya ezisentlabathini libonakale amisiweyo, ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko yokuba ukunikezela iindlela eriyali ujikelezo.

AMS (izitishi ezenzekelayo omncane)

Inani elikhulu ulwazi malunga izinto ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo solar, oosonzululwazi usebenzisa kwisiphekepheke ithunyelwe ngaphaya orbit geocentric. izinto AMC - ukuba iiplanethi kunye izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, kunye nethala iminyele kwaye iyafumaneka ukuze ahlolwe. Imisebenzi zibekwa phambi izixhobo ezinjalo zifuna ulwazi olukhulu umzamo iinjineli kunye nabaphandi. Mission AMC ehlanganiswe inkqubela zeteknoloji kwaye isivuseleli zayo zombini.

baxhomekeka alawulwayo

Wokucoca waqalisa ukuthutha abantu kwinjongo ezabelwe yona azibuyise emva, ngokwemiqathango zobugcisa akuthethi ingenelwe iintlobo ezichazwe. Libhekisela kule hlobo "Vostok-1", owenza moya wayo, uYuri Gagarin.

Eyona nto inzima ukuba bemeko- iziphekepheke swi - ukhuseleko abasebenza ngexesha abuyele emhlabeni. Kwakhona kubalulekile zezi zixhobo yinkqubo ngohlangulo olungxamisekileyo, esenokuba yimfuneko ngethuba ukususwa ebisenqanaweni isithuba ngoncedo rocket yenethiwekhi.

izithuthi Space, njengoko lonke ucwangciso isithuba, rhoqo ukuphucula. Kutshanje, amajelo eendaba kusoloko ukubona iingxelo ze "Rosetta" umsebenzi probe kunye wayo "Philae". Ziqulethe yonke impumelelo zamvanje kwinkalo imikhumbi isithuba, ukubala intshukumo umatshini njalo njalo. Yindawo le ekwafikela zihlole "Fila" enomsila ingqalelo isiganeko eyogqitha bagxotha Gagarin kaThixo. Uninzi umdla kukuba le nto ekupheleni amathuba abantu. Asikazi ukuba izinto ezintsha kunye kuzuziweyo zombini ukuhlolwa kunye nokwakha moya.