Uphahla indlu yokugcina impahla. Iintlobo uphahla kunye yokugcina kumakhaya

Ngaphezulu kweshumi imbala athandwa kakhulu. Eliphezulu ebizwa yokuhlala uhlobo imbala esifakwe phakathi komgangatho ophezulu kunye nophahla.

Ukusetyenziswa uphahla mansard

uphahla Mansard yi igumbi lokuhlala eyongezelelweyo, enokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, izixhobo umthambo, igumbi leendwendwe okanye lokulala, njalo-njalo. Ukuba wenze i efanelekileyo umphunga isithintelo, amanzi kunye Injengokubengezela, uyakwazi ukunyenyisa indawo phantsi isitiya ebusika.

Icebo eluphahleni lwendlu nge cars

Umgangatho yokugcina ungakwazi ukuthatha njengenxalenye abaselula baloo eliphezulu kwaye yonke indawo yayo. Ukongeza, ukwenza uyilo, lithe tso ngaphaya ezindongeni zendlu. Ukuba zibalo encinane, ukuba axhomekeke cantilever kwesakhiwo asezantsi. Xa uthatha ngaphandle esikhulu kwaye ukuba kukho amathuba ekuweni beendonga, izakhiwo uphahla faka inkxaso eyongezelelweyo ezifana, umz, imihlathi, okanye iindonga.

zesi ngokwemigca imbala izimele ngokupheleleyo shape kwendlu, nto leyo yenza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyilo izigqibo kunabo. Umzekelo, igumbi unako ibekwe kwindawo yonke ze isuka kunye namalungu ayo. Oko isenokuba macala okanye azilingani, nemilo abe eyaphukileyo okanye elingunxantathu. Ukuba ukhethe uhlobo eyaphukileyo, iingcali bacebisa inxalenye engentla isakhiwo eliphezulu ukwenza nzulu ngakumbi (malunga 15-30 degrees); umzantsi - kwithambeka eweni, (60-70 degrees).

Ukuba uceba ukwenza uphahla isixhobo wendlu uphahla phezu isakhiwo igqityiwe, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ukuba ukuhlola imeko isiseko kunye bethwele iindonga.

Xa ukhetha izinto Kufuneka kuthathwe ukuba isakhiwo kufuneka ubunzima ubuncinane. Nodes mansard uphahla 'ukusekwa iibhodi iinkuni pretreated retardants lidangatye kunye kwisigcinakaliso, okanye iprofayile yesinyithi.

inzuzo ephantsi kophahla

The main eziluncedo lofts ziquka:

• Amathuba ukwandisa indawo phantsi ndawo ngokuthi kusetyenziswe indawo.
• Uyakwazi igumbi, oku akufanelekanga kwisakhiwo, umzekelo, indawo yokusebenzela bokuyila okanye igumbi ukutshaya.
• Ukuba isakhiwo ofisi, i olongezelelweyo mmandla yokuqasha.
• Ngenxa eliphezulu kunciphisa ukulahleka ubushushu ngophahla. Xa kunjalo, ukuba yonke imithetho lobuchwepheshe kunye nemimiselo ngexesha lokwakha yayo.
• Ukwakhiwa kophahla mansard akakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo kwaye mhlawumbi ngaphandle ukukhutshwa abantu ababehlala kweso sakhiwo. akuyi kuba nzima kulima yonxibelelwano, ekubeni sele endlwini, oko kuphela kuyimfuneko ukwenza ezinye iindawo zobugcisa.
• Garret unika asinamathinzi entle kophahla, ukwenza imbonakalo ubuhle indlu ngakumbi.

nobubi kophahla

Eliphezulu akukhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe igumbi abantwana okanye ukufunda. Njengoko bengqondo wathi, elapho kwelo gumbi, nto leyo eye izidanga, iindonga, kunokubangela nemvo ingozi. Ukongeza, ezi ntsilelo izakhiwo ezinjalo iquka:

• Ingxaki ukukhanya bendalo. windows olulodwa lofts kufuna utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo. Ukuba ukukhanya ongena egumbini nge Ekungeneni nkqo window, ezifana ukuba izibane akayi kuba ngokwaneleyo.
• Kufuneka ukhethe ngobuchule izinto eluphahleni, ubushushu, amanzi kunye nengxolo usambathisa. Kwimeko ka-zokungathotyelwa nobuchwepheshe lokwakha inokuba ezinye iingxaki nokucutheka amanzi ebandayo.

Uphahla lwezindlu kunye eliphezulu: iiprojekthi, iimbono

Xa ukhetha iprojekthi yokwakha elizayo kunye uphahla kuyimfuneko kuqala ukuqonda isakhiwo uphahla kunye nemilo yayo. Kakuhle ekhethiweyo uyilo wendlu uphahla uya konga kuphela izinto zokwakha, kodwa ukusebenzisa indawo inzuzo enkulu.

Sinako ukwahlula ezi zilandelayo eziphambili iintlobo uphahla lwezindlu ne indawo yokugcina:

• Baphalaze kophahla;
• gable kophahla gable okanye eyaphukileyo;
• poluvalmovaya;
• hipped.

Nganye kwezi ntlobo zezakhiwo banamalungelo zabo nezingalunganga.

Ngexesha uphuhliso projekthi, kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo umthwalo kwinkqubo nophahla ezindongeni kunye okuseka indlu, kwakunye njengoko kuxhathisa kakuhle ngayo imo yezulu (umoya, ikhephu).

Yokugcina phantsi kophahla eliphalaziweyo

ezifulelwe leyo ephucula kunye yokugcina bobabo uhlobo kakhulu elula uphahla. Kubonakala ngathi moya ukuthambeka, nto leyo zigxunyekwe iindonga axhasayo, ukuba obude ahlukeneyo. Olu khetho likuvumela ukuba uphahla kulula noko ukuyisebenzisa kunye yokugcina eliphangaleleyo.

Xa eyila uphahla ephucula kubaluleke kakhulu ingongoma kubalwe ngokuchanekileyo engile ye ukuthambekela. kophahla yoFakelo ne utyekelo ezaneleyo kuya kuba negalelo elikhulu imithwalo ikhephu kunye nokwanda ngenxa womxhuzulane ukufuma deformation umngcipheko eluphahleni. Kwakhona, lungiselelo kunciphisa kwinkcaso umoya.

Nge uphahla leyo ephucula ukuba kwithambeka engile ngaphezu kweqondo lama-45, ikhephu uzofaka phantsi ngokupheleleyo ngenxa ubunzima bayo. Le lusebenze kakhulu ithathwa ukuba engile degrees 35-40 ivaleleke uphahla.

Eliphezulu phantsi kophahla gable

kophahla Gable indlu uphahla kuthathwa kakhulu eqhelekileyo, njengoko unohlobo kunokuba elula kwisakhelo. Uphahla uba kabini uhlobo kwiziphambuka imiqadi, ukwandisa enxuseneyo komunye a engile kwangaphambili. Nkqubo yokwakha yayo ngenxa elula loyilo akuthethi ukuba naziphi na iingxaki.

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo uphahla bamisa: gable kunye eyaphukileyo. Imilo macala uphahla gable kakhulu elula. gable yayo yenziwe kwi imilo kanxantathu.

Eyona engundoqo iingenelo kophahla gable indawo yokugcina:

• isakhiwo elula;
• ukuthembeka;
• izinto ezikhoyo;
• ufakelo yophahla ayifuni izixhobo nokuphakamisa.

Izidanga, indlu uphahla idibana alufane ngenxa ukuntsonkotha eyilwe ngayo. Nganye emaphikweni alo yahlulwe izahlulo ezibini. Umphezulu umntu ojonge izidanga malunga 30, umzantsi - malunga 60 degrees. Isithuba phantsi kophahla mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ingasetyenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala. Izidanga, iisilingi kunye cars ikhaya ngokoqoqosho yaye kulula ukufaka khetho ukuba kumakhaya abucala, oko ube ububanzi akukho neemitha ngaphezu kwama-6.

Poluvalmovaya uphahla luphoswa esiXhoseni. skeleton yabo abunjwe njenge umqadi eqhelekileyo uyilo macala, leyo uxhomekeke mauerlat. osemqoka yazo lokwahlula - ubukho reyi ezincinane kwi pediment.

Yokugcina phantsi kophahla hipped

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezininzi uphahla hipped, ebavumela ukuba nika umgangatho extra ngokwaneleyo banzi yaye bekhululekile. Obandayo lophahla kunye kumathambeka ezine esimbaxa ngaphezu iinkqubo isixhobo gable. Ifuna ngqo nobuchwepheshe nokugcina isebenza kuzo zonke izigaba.

Pyramidal hipped uphahla kufuneka eziluncedo ezininzi:

• Ngenxa yokuba ezi pam akukho iziqalelo nkqo (pediments), baye bakwazi ukumelana umthwalo umoya omkhulu. Uyilo zixhaphakile kakhulu kwiindawo apho kuvame kukho izaqhwithi kakhulu.
• imiphetho emboxo ziyahlangana kwi siseko umqadi kummango, zinika ngqongqo isidumbu. lwakhiwo lunokuthi abekho phantsi deformation ngethuba umsebenzi wabo.
• uphahla Hipped indlu uphahla kukunika ithuba lokuba nezixhobo zokukhabela ezinkulu eza kukhusela eludongeni lwendlu evela imvula, ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi lwesakhiwo yokwakha.

Hipped kophahla, hayi ngaphandle kwezinye ethile:

• Wahlanganisa ke isakhiwo esinophahla nzima ngakumbi namaxabiso ngaphezu gable isixhobo;
• ezithambekileyo kunye iphela elifutshane, ngoko ukuthetha, ukutya inxalenye ethile indawo yokugcina;
• ukubekwa amathuba window amagumbi eliphezulu kwezibane yendalo kufuna indlela ekhethekileyo.