Virage tuberculin test ngabantwana: ebangela, iimpawu, isifo kunye neempawu unyango

isikhumba uvavanyo Tuberculin ebizwa indlela zokuxilonga yokuqingqa uvakalelo lomntu ukuya iintsholongwane isifo sephepha. Uvavanyo ukujonga ukuba ingaba tuberculosis zokugula umzimba ekhoyo. Inguqulelo uqhelekileyo uvavanyo - Mantoux uvavanyo.

Yintoni ekuthiwa superelevation tuberculin test

Abazali abaninzi kuqala ukuva lokufunyaniswa "Bend test isifo sephepha", cela ukuba yintoni na. Superelevation ebizwa tuberculin kuqala isampuli HIV, ukuba abangenayo ukuya kule umphumo. Isizathu inokuba begoba okanye ugonyo nxamnye sisifo sephepha, isifo okanye inthsolongwane. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, yakuliva kota, musa ukuphakuzela; ngokuba ukuqinisekisa lokugqibela uxilongo umntwana efuna ukuya ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi olongezelelweyo. Yaye kuphela emva kokuba uviwo olupheleleyo, ugqirha ungenza isifo ecacileyo.

Mantu

Mantoux test ibizwa impendulo umzimba ukuba uqalise tuberculin. Kummandla isitofu isiyobisi kubonakala ukudumba uphawu okubangelwa iiseli igazi elijongene nezifo. Ukuba umzimba womntu ekhoyo bacterium sisifo sephepha, indlela umzimba ukuba ngenaliti iya kuba kukhulu kakhulu kwaye isampuli ukubonisa iziphumo ezidibanisayo. Xa umlinganiselo nomlawuli ekuthiwa papule (ngamazwi alula, "iqhosha" Mantoux), isigqibo iqondo indlela sifo abantu iintsholongwane isifo sephepha. Ekuqulunqweni Mantoux test kuthintelwe ubukho ulusu okanye ezasulelayo izifo kwakunye izigulana engavumelani oyingozi.

Reaction kwecala ngo abantwana

Kwiimeko ezininzi, indlela lomntwana ukuba isitofu of a negative. I-30% yabantwana isampuli unika kuyathandabuzeka okanye positive.

Umzimba umntwana lijongene iintsholongwane sephepha xa besebancinane. inegciwane impahla esisisekelo Goch yeyona izinga elalana emzimbeni womntu. Ekubeni usulelo amandla okukwazi engena ngokukhawuleza umzimba kwaye ihlala kuyo ubomi. Iarhente causative sephepha akufunekanga ukuzibonakalisa de iimeko ithembisa ukuba ukwanda. Inkqubo ukunxibelelana iintsholongwane tuberculosis ngawo umzimba umntwana kunzima kakhulu. In high-risk iqela kuquka abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3. Kweli xesha le-90% of usulelo abangena umzimba kukhokelela imbonakalo sifo.

Bonke abantwana bagonywe ukusuka tuberculosis kunyaka ngamnye baye inkqubo uvavanyo tuberculin.

A yi HIV

Virage tuberculin test ebantwaneni - utshintsho onamandla yoko negative ukuba ezintle ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le nkqubo iquka ezi zigaba zilandelayo:

1. Xa japan ingoneliseki okanye awunayo kwafunyaniswa ukuba uvavanyo lokuqala.
2. ukuhlolwa Secondary kutyhilwa ukwanda ukudumba ku-15 mm.
3. yokuqinisekisa okwalandela kwabonisa papules kunyuka nge-5 mm kuthelekiswa ne sesibini isigaba.

Lokufunyaniswa "fakwa test tuberculin" abantwana baye okwangoku wathi umntwana enesifo sephepha. Ukwandisa papules maxa wambi kuba ngenxa yokusabela bayaliwa ngenaliti. Kodwa umthetho, ithuba ibonisa ubukho sifo ntsholongwane emzimbeni bomntwana. ugqirha uphethwe esichazayo imisela isigulane uviwo olongezelelweyo.

Uluvo ka Dr. Komarovsky

Kunika umdla ukwazi uluvo udokotela ezaziwayo-kakuhle evgeniya Olegovicha Komarovskogo aguqe test tuberculin ebantwaneni. Ugqirha ithi ukuba Mantoux uvavanyo result onguphozithivu ibonisa ubukho umntwana umzimba inegciwane tubercle. Inkqubo papules ukwandisa othetha kuphuhliso sifo. Komarovsky Okulandelayo ucebisa ukuba kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo komntwana: Kwathi uviwo ngokucokisekileyo, iimvavanyo zegazi,-X ray ntoni. Ukuba la manyathelo aye yaqinisekisa uxilongo lokuqala, ukuze aqale ukunyanga isifo sephepha. Ukuba ukukrokrelana musani ingqinisisiwe, umntwana uthathwa ukuba babe sempilweni, kunye namanyathelo ezongezelelweyo afunyaniswe isifo kwaye afumane unyango ingafuneki kuyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho nayiphi na ukuthandabuza malunga uxilongo. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka xa umfanekiso X-ray ayikwazi lichazwe ayintsokothanga. Kulo mzekelo, Eugene O. iBhunga ukuba baqhube othintelo unyango "isoniazid". Virage tuberculin test iba nethuba lokuntdhula ibe sisifo sephepha lokwenyaniso ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kungathatha-5, yaye ngamanye amaxesha neminyaka-10, kwaye kunganyangwa ngexesha nokuqala sifo iye yaba sisifo yokwenene ezoyikekayo.

Amathuba yenkqubo efana yi 0.5%, kodwa nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, oogqirha kunye reinsured zintsholongwane alawulwa abantwana. Kule meko, uGqr Komarovsky ucebisa abazali ukuthemba oogqirha, ngubani na engathethekiyo rhoqo, uze wenze izigqibo ngokwabo.

Ukusetyenziswa "isoniazid"

Inkqubo yonyango lwe-TB elide, ingakumbi ekubeni ekugqityweni isigulane sidinga kwimo olongezelelweyo. Ngoko ke, uthintelo lwesifo sephepha - ngundoqo ngaphezu inkqubo yonyango. bend Treatment tuberculin zeemvavanyo abantwana with "i-isoniazid" - njengesakhi esibalulekileyo lwemisebenzi yolawulo TB. Studies sibonisa ukuba kusetyenziswe "isoniazid" ukunciphisa yi-90% amathuba kuphuhliso isifo sephepha abantu basulelwe ngaphambili.

Ichiza uchaphazela intsholongwane nesifo sephepha ezikhoyo kwisigaba andise, kwakunye nesifo ubulala Cya kwisigaba yokuphumla. Ukusebenza aphezulu ichiza waphawula hayi kuphela unyango lwesifo sephepha, kodwa ngexesha prophylaxis. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ukusetyenziswa "isoniazid" kuphela kwezo kwiimeko apho uxilongo wabonisa ubungozi ibalulekileyo kwesi sifo. Ichiza eli kuboniswe kuphela iziguli diagnosis ivumela usulelo iintsholongwane okanye tuberculosis lubonisa zibenze kuphuhliso iintlobo esebenzayo kwesi sifo.

"Isoniazid" emiselweyo abantwana lowo wadibana abathwali sifo. iinyanga ezi-3 emva kwekhosi yonyango umntwana luvavanyo Mantoux. rate Umthamo umbala abantwana na iinyanga ezi-2. "INH" uthabathe ukuya ku-10 mg kwekilogram ubunzima bomzimba ngesigulane ngemini nganye.

Ingozi yosulelo umfundi

Uhlolisiso olwenziwe epidemiologists zibonisa ukuba ikhondo classical sephepha abantwana kunqabile kosulela abanye abantwana okanye abadala. ukhohlokhohlo yabantwana iqulethe phantse akukho isikhohlela, kwaye ukukhohlela ebuthathaka tyhala umntwana akanako ukutshiza amasuntswana iintsholongwane emoyeni. Ngelo okugaya Kwangaxeshanye kunye nepokotho ezinkulu sifo, inako ukugqithisela sifo. Ekuchongeni isifo sephepha yemiphunga umntwana, oogqirha abaninzi Siyaleza ikheswa isigulane abaselula. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwaba ukuba umlinganiselo onjalo akuyomfuneko: vula uvavanyo tuberculin abantwana kunqabile zesini.