Yayingabhalwanga: Iintlobo kunye neendlela

Ngokutsho Code Criminal, manga yamaxwebhu kuthetha imveliso amaxwebhu zomgunyathi ngenxa ukuguqula kwamaxwebhu (components ukhetho okanye lokuvelisa: fomu, ingcaciso eendaba, utyikityo, itekisi, izitampu, seals). Ngale ngcamango usebenza ukuguqula eziqalelo ngamnye (mthethweni ukutshintsha ezinye iindawo amaxwebhu bokwenene). manga, uxanduva apho inikezelwa yi-Code Criminal, yinto indlela ezimeleyo isityholo sokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Xa ubudlelane obabuyilwe ngenkohliso ngokupheleleyo amaxwebhu fake ziveliswa ngokungqinelana iipateni ezithile, apho bakhonza iikopi nje ngokwenene. Ezona mpawu (umahluko ukusuka original) ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokuveliswa labo, nto leyo evumela ukuqaphela fake. yayingabhalwanga Partial ingenziwa ngokuthi:

• zenja zomgunyathi izitampu kunye lamatywina, amakhasi;
• kutshintshwa amaqela oxwebhu (amaphepha, imifanekiso), ukulungisa, overprinting, amanqaku ezongezelelweyo, chemical ngasekhohlo kwitekisi;
• erasures, le miqondiso abonakala ngeendlela lwasenkundleni.

Kule ncwadi ezikhethekileyo, manga amaxwebhu kunye neempawu zayo ezichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Xa erasures usebenzisa nokususwa ngomatshini zetekisi (ikakhulu nemivumbo, amanani, iileta ngamnye) ekrwela i into elibukhali (imela, sisitshetshe blade) okanye susa irabha. Kweli phepha umaleko asuka kuyo yaphulwe kwaye inxalenye wazisusa itekisi ngaxeshanye zingacimeka. Iimpawu erasures ziquka: iintsalela idayi icala okubhaliweyo shinyi inki kumbhalo entsha, olusetyenziswa kwindawo licinywe, waphula kwigridi ngasemva, ukunciphisa imiphezulu ukutshintsha iphepha ububanzi ruffled phezu imicu umaleko komhlaba.

Ubhaqo lwenziwa erasures imiqondiso ngexesha namaxwebhu isifundo kweyesiqhelo saa, zesini, ukhanyiso elibhalwe ngokumileyo kwi yiultraviolet kunye reyi infrared, esebenzisa ngemicroscope kwaye iziporo kunye multiplicities ezahlukeneyo.

yayingabhalwanga chemical ngasekhohlo na wezenzi ukugungxula okanye mhlophe itekisi kwemichiza (kwealkali, acid) okwenziwa. Ngelo efanayo iikhemikhali asichaphazeli nje kuphela iyambulala itekisi, kodwa kwi iinxalenye zeli xwebhu (iphepha igridi background). Imiqondiso yokuba ngasekhohlo wemichiza ibhekisela iphepha ukutshintsha umbala kunye igridi ngasemva, ukufa kwamalungu ngokwaphula ubuso inki, ubu, ubu zephepha. iimpawu waveza ngasekhohlo wemichiza usebenzisa izixhobo ukhulise enombala, ukukhanyisa elibhalwe ngokumileyo, izihluzi.

Overprint okanye amanqaku ezongezelelweyo ngesandla yenziwa ukutshintsha idata eziqulethwe kuxwebhu. Zisoloko wayemfutshane ngesithomo, kodwa unako ukutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo idatha yoqobo. iimpawu eziphambili amanqaku ezongezelelweyo: umahluko iimpawu abucala eqhelekileyo underscore (ukuqhatha ngemiqondiso zokumisa iileta entanjeni, iyalibala kwezindululo, wesandla ukukhawulezisa, ubungakanani ileta). Iimpawu overprinting phezu oomatshini bokuchwetheza: ukungafani kwi umahluko nombala ngedayi kunye nobukhulu ipateni yoshicilelo.

Ukulungiswa, overprint, amanqaku ezongezelelweyo itekisi ukubonwa njerngeglasi zokwenza izixhobo ezisebenzisa, usebenzisa umbala obubomvurha kunye UV okucoca, ngokufunda ukwakheka eekhemikhali nedayi.