YiHanukkah - ntoni na? Imbali namasiko yiHanukkah

qho ngonyaka kwihlabathi yamaYuda ukusuka 25 Kislev, kwesa th 2-3 Tevet uthi yiholide enkulu - yiHanukkah. Yintoni i "ukungcwalisa" yaye "uhlaziyo", nto leyo wamnika igama leli siko? Ntoni eli siko yintlantsi iiplagi, ukutya okumnandi kunye umbhiyozo kangangeentsuku ezisibhozo? Zama ukuqonda.

Ntoni "yiHanukkah"

Igama elithi "yiHanukkah" ngesiHebhere iquka iinxalenye ezimbini. Okokuqala, "khan", lithetha "ukufumana uxolo." Okwesibini, i "ka" - indibanisela iileta ogama value lenani - ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Esinceda ngayo uloyiso yomkhosi yokomoya yamaYuda phezu kwanamaGrike, kwenzeka 25 Kislev (ngokutsho kwikhalenda yamaYuda) ngo-164 BC.

igama le holide "yiHanukkah" - sisuka kwigama elithi "lahanot" elithetha "ukunikezela" ( "ukungcwalisa"). Olu suku waphinda omiselweyo-isibingelelo endlwini kaThixo eJerusalem, nto leyo kanye-3 ngaphambi komhla oku zithixo inqambi. Kule mihla Chanukah kuthiwa ngaphezulu "ngumthendeleko kwezibane".

Imbali yiHanukkah

Ngokwemveli, yiHanukkah ibhiyozelwa iintsuku ezisibhozo. Iqala ukususela ngomhla wama-25 Kislev, leyo ngokuqhelekileyo iwela ngoNovemba okanye ngoDisemba. Lo mcimbi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqaleni ibali yiHanukkah, zenzeka ngexesha Aleksandra Velikogo (Macedonian), xa ummandla wakwaSirayeli yaba yinxalenye ye-Aram, yangaphambili, nayo, liphondo ubukhosi zamaGrike. Kangangethuba elide, amaYuda kwanamaGrike wafumana ulwimi olufanayo. AmaYuda umthetho ngokwelo imithetho esekwe yi boyisa, kunye nabalandeli ze Enkulu babephuma kwezinye iicawa kunokuba ukumelana. Noko ke, yonke into yatshintsha xa itrone umSiriya kwaba uAntiochus IV Epiphanes.

Zomlilo kunye ngekrele bazama ukunyanzelisa iintlanga bawuthobele unqulo zamaGrike. Phantsi intlungu yokufa, amaYuda ayengavunyelwa ukuzakhela aluswe, ukuze bafunde umthetho, ukuba uyigcine imithetho Shabbat. Xa itempile yaseYerusalem ngokuyalelwa kakumkani yakhiwa isibingelelo kaZeyus - intloko koothixo bonke oothixo zawo.

Ngenxa yoko, e Modin - kwidolophana ekufutshane neYerusalem - wombhodamo kwavuka. Kuye ekhokelwa omnye wabadala yeendawo zokuhlala, umJuda Mattiyagu, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe, nto leyo eyenzeka emva konyaka, abavukeli Waqhubeka ebakhokela unyana wakhe, uYuda Maccabee.

Xa iyonke, yomzabalazo wenkululeko yamaYuda kwidyokhwe waseSiriya lathatha iminyaka emashumi mabini anantlanu. Noko ke, kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuqalisa kwimvukelo IiMaccabees nempumelelo ngokukhulula eYerusalem. Into yokuqala abaphumeleleyo baqalisa ecoca indlu uzihlambele. bavalelwa kwizithixo, wayibuyisela isibingelelo ezaphukileyo, kodwa endaweni yoko le menorah segolide (i menorah), nto leyo zibiweyo, faka i intsimbi eqhelekileyo okwethutyana.

Noko ke, xa kufika ixesha, ukuba ubakhanyisele menorah phambi kwesibingelelo, kwathi konke ioli eyenzeka icawa uzihlambele. Ezicocekileyo wahlala kuphela ijagi kuphela encinane, nto leyo iya kuba yanele imini enye kuphela olulophu. Kwaye ukuba ukulungiselela ioli entsha kufuna iintsuku ezisibhozo ...

Sekunjalo, lo ontunyekwe menorah Xa kwenzeke oku, ummangaliso kwenzeke: Ukukhanya ngokuyinqaba atshiswe iintsuku ezisibhozo! Le tempile lanikezelwa kwakhona. Kwaye ngoku, imbeko kulo nyaka ngamnye kuthatha beka nokubhiyozela yiHanukkah.

Yintoni Chanukah

Ngoku ukuba nkalo sezisaziwa ngokuba intsingiselo imbali yiHanukkah oko kukuthi "Chanukah" kuya kuba lula ukuba ndiyaqikelela. Ngoko wabiza-amakhandlela stand yiHanukkah yemveli, engumqondiso umoya bokuxhathisa kwaye uloyiso okulungileyo ngaphezu kobubi.

ifomu Chanukiah kwemidlalo ezisibhozo. Bafuzisela ummangaliso eyabakho ngexesha Maccabee uloyiso phezu namaGrike. Kumaxesha amandulo kuye kwavulwa ukuxhoma phezu esitratweni, ukuya ekhohlo emnyango ongaphambili. Noko ke, kamva, ngenxa ingozi yomlilo, yiHanukkah waxelelwa ukuba zikhanyise amakhaya, ebeka window kwefestile - ukuze ngokuvutha amakhandlela ukukhumbuza abamelwane kunye namalungu ukuba lo yiHanukkah.

Ezi izibane zenziwa naziphi izinto: inkcenkce, nezemarmore, nobhedu, imveliso yephondo, intsimbi. Abo bacebe kwaye zivuma yiHanukkah ngegolide okanye isiliva. ubukhulu zabo kwakhona ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka gqitha into ngomhla wokuqala yiHanukkah lidla ikhanya kwizakhiwo zikarhulumente, ukuba owayethozamile kwaye encinane, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo ngomlilo loo mihla kuzo zonke izindlu yamaYuda.

lights ucinezelo oda

Ngokungqinelana isiko, i kakhulu ixhaphake, ukulandelelana yintlantsi festive Imigudu iye imithetho yayo engqongqo kule mihla.

Ubusuku yokuqala kuvamise kakhulu kakhulu, esilumekile isibane ngasekunene. Ngomhla wesibini ebusuku ezalwa yongeza amakhandlela omnye phezu ekhohlo lowo wabeka izolo. Xa ukukhanya kuqala entsha, wongezelela isibane, uze emva koko uye ekunene. Le nkqubo iphindiwe zonke ebusuku: kuqala, yongeza ikhandlela Wazikhanyisa zonke ke, ukuqala naye, ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene.

Njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuba zikhanyise amakhandlela

Saziwa kweli siko yiHanukkah oko kukuthi "nguShamash". Le eluncedo iplagi olulodwa, nto leyo mhlawumbi wahluliwe asibhozo amakhandlela okanye ibekwe ngaphezu kwabo. Ukusuka nguShamash abasa yonke ngokuhlwa onke amakhandlela ezingundoqo akhiwe kwinqanaba elinye kunye umgama omfutshane enye kwenye.

Ngokutsho kwizithethe, alumeke kwamakhandlela asibhozo kufuneka abe kuphela uzikhumbuze ummangaliso, ibali yiHanukkah yaqala ngayo. Abanakukwazi ukuba sisetyenziselwe naziphi na ezinye iinjongo. Ngenxa yokuba ezi amakhandlela kufuneka text kuyo nguShamash, kodwa omnye komnye.

Izithethe yiHanukkah izibane ucinezelo

Chanukah likhanyise wazibeka endlwini, apho sihlala ubomi, nokuba egumbini lakhe, apho ngokuqhelekileyo ukuthatha ukutya. Lamp (Chanukah) kulindeleke kwindawo esemboniselweni kwigumbi.

Qala ukuba zikhanyise izibane Chanukah, njengoko umthetho, ngokuhlwa emva kwelanga (ngokunxulumene nenye inkcazelo, emva kokuba imbonakalo yesibhakabhaka iinkwenkwezi kuqala). Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile kwakungekho mfuneko ngeli xesha, uvunyelwe ukuba zikhanyise izibane, wathetha amazwi intsikelelo kwelo xesha lo gama niphaphile onke amalungu entsapho. Abo abangazange ukuphatha ukwenza njalo kwangonyezi, ukuqala imililo ngaloo mini akuseyomfuneko ukuba.

Ubusuku iholide yokugqibela nokuzikhanyisa amakhandlela ezisibhozo. Njengomgaqo, bathi bekufanele ukuba aqhumisele kangangesiqingatha seyure emva imbonakalo iinkwenkwezi. Ngenxa yoko, kuloo makhaya apho likhanyise ngokukhawuleza ilanga litshonile, baya kukhanya imizuzu ezingamashumi amahlanu ubuncinane.

Ngelo xesha xa kufuneka balumeke izibane Chanukah azivumelekanga ukuba badle, basele, okanye ukwenza nantoni na.

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba kuvutha abafazi - zikhona kuphela indlela uvuthisa zabo umyeni okanye nguyise, uze uphendule "Amen!" ukuphendula amazwi intsikelelo, uthi.

Boys baqale qhoboshela isakramente ngokukhanyisa izibane Chanukah, njengoko umthetho, ukususela kwixesha xa bekwazi ukuba ubakhanyisele ngokuzimeleyo ikhandlela bathi yintsikelelo.

Umthendeleko yesintu kwi yiHanukkah

yokudla, ekhatshwa iingoma zemveli amabali malunga yimimangaliso uSomandla ngaloo mihla ngenxa izinyanya - nto leyo yiHanukkah. AmaYuda ingqalelo kulo mthendeleko konwaba kunye novuyo, ngoko le mihla Akuvunyelwe ngokukhawuleza okanye isijwili abafileyo.

Ngemihla Chanukah kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela izitya bemveli. It latkes - enekuku neetapile kunye namafetshu anesiraphu ilekese ijam okanye marmalade (sufganiyah). A indlela yokupheka - ngembiza e-oli yemifuno - Kwakhona oku kwenzelwa ukuba ukukhumbula ummangaliso apho kwimbali esekelwe yiHanukkah.

Ukongeza, ezi ntsuku ukudla zobisi - ayenziwe samasi. Njengoko sauce yi ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa cream.

Customs yiHanukkah

Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ngakumbi ngakumbi abantu ehlabathini lonke ukuba bafunde oko yiHanukkah. Phakathi amaYuda kwakukho isiko, ukuba ubakhanyisele yiHanukkah kakhulu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, kunye nabakhenkethi batyelela kwaSirayeli ngemihla xa holide lubhiyozelwa, babuye babe nethuba udibanise amasiko yamandulo.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngemihla yiHanukkah akuxhomekekanga Akuvunyelwe emsebenzini. Noko ke, nabafazi balandela isiko yamandulo, njengokuba umthetho, musa ukusebenza de komtshiso izibane zehlobo.

Kwiintsuku ezisibhozo holide nganye imithandazo bekumele ukuba ufake ilizwi lombulelo, kwaye ngexesha kusasa nemithandazo funda ngokuvakalayo ngamanye amazwi iTorah.

Ngemihla yiHanukkah kwizikolo bakwaSirayeli iyeza iiholide. Ngenxa yesithethe, ngobusuku Ngosuku lwesine okanye sesihlanu yale holide, ngokufuthi abazali abantwana izinto zokudlala okanye imali ukuba bachithe ngokwabo. Noko ke, ezinye zezi mali kumele ukuba inikele sa.

Umdlalo of dreidel

Kukho nenye kulisiko ukwazi, nto idume yiHanukkah. Yintoni i "dreidel" okanye "svivon" kufuneka yaziwe wonke umntwana yamaYuda. Le top ekhethekileyo tetrahedral, awanenzelayo uYarobheham ukudlala kwezi ntsuku. Dlala lo mdlalo, njengoko umthetho, iingqekembe ezincinane 'imali Chanukah ", kwakunye - kuba neelekese, ama-apile okanye nuts.

KwaSirayeli, kwicala ngalinye phezulu ibhalwe unobumba omnye ngesiHebhere: "Nun" (elithetha "athwale" - "Ummangaliso"), "gimmel" ( "gadol" - "mkhulu"), "Heyi" ( "hai" - " ukuba ') kunye' asele "(" on "-" apha "). Phezulu, apho abantwana badlale yamaYuda yamaJuda, ileta yokugqibela indawo yi "iTire", gama elo elithetha "nabohanahaniso" - "apho", oko kukuthi, umhlaba wakwaSirayeli.

Ngokutsho legend, ngemihla xa imfundo umthetho lalusongelwe kunye nokufa, beza abantwana yamaYuda esikolweni nezi tops, yaye kwimeko yeentlola okanye iintshaba lwaqalisa uthando ukudlala ngokungathi kunjalo ukuba oku apha namhlanje. Kule mihla, lo mdlalo uhlala umdlalo umdla, ababekhonza ngexesha elifanayo ukuzikhunjuzwa elidluleyo, kwakunye namanye amasiko abantu abaninzi bamaYuda.