Yintoni amalahle, yaye yintoni na ke?

Eli nqaku ubalisa ngento amalahle ukuba amalahle ezifana efosili, njengoko ibunjiwe ziziphi iindawo kusetyenziswa ngexesha lethu.

definition

Zonke ubuncinane kanye, kodwa ndeva ilizwi efana ngamalahle okanye namalahle. Ngoko yintoni na? Ukuba impendulo yalo mbuzo ujonge isichazi-magama achazayo Ozhegova kwaye apho ungafumana le nkcazelo ilandelayo: amalahle - eziphili eqinileyo amafutha kweziyobisi, nto leyo kwasekwa evela ezityalweni. Amalahle kwakhona wabiza, umzekelo, iintsalela iinkuni ebilayo - umlilo wamalahle, kukho ezikweni lomlilo, njalo-njalo. Ngendlela, ukuba amalahle emva kokuba isigodlo, le ukusetyenziswa alichanekanga, apho kunokwenzeka oko kuthiwa iintsalela zeBlack.

Kwakhona, ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na le wamalahle," umthi sikhankanye - bakholisa lungaqhubeka unyango ubushushu ashushu nokuba emva kuyoluka. Kumaxesha amandulo, oku iimpawu zazo kuyingenelo asetyenziswa ekwenziweni intsimbi ukusuka esikrwada ngensimbi ukugcina amaqondo aphezulu wakwaMowabhi. Kwaye amalahle yayibizwa isetyenziswe njengenye izinto usemthethweni ngumgubo emnyama. Kodwa kamva kwisikimu wezinto "saltpeter, isalfure amalahle," bashiya ngakwicala ngumgubo msi entsha. Ngoko ke siyaqonda ukuba wamalahle ezinjalo, yaye sihlolisise amalahle - i neetyuwa kanye wanceda abantu benze revolution yezoshishino.

ukubunjwa

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba amalahle yaba izimbiwa yokuqala ukuba abantu bafunda ukuba benze isicelo ngayo.

Ukwenziwa imithombo yayo engundoqo baqala, ngokutsho izazinzulu, malunga 400 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ke inkoliso ilizwe yambathiswa imigxobhozo kunye namahlathi emvula. Ngcembe emalunga emazantsi yesityalo, kwaye kwiindawo apho amanzi amileyo kwaye abahlwempuzekileyo ioksijini, ngokuthe ngcembe wabumba kwamalahle elizayo ezimbiwa. Inyathelo lokuqala yaba Turf, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe ndinyanzelwe kwaye zixinaniswe ngamatye.

Thile emva, imfundo esibanzi olu hlobo amafutha kumile. Kukholelwa ukuba lo mba kukuba amakhowa zesiqhelo, hayi kanye mandithi, sokubumba bakufikise. Oko isisihla izinto ezinceda ekumisweni namalahle. Ngenxa intshukumo rhoqo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba kunye Ukutshintshwa amazwekazi, ezinye beentanda amalahle nzulu beza ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye abantu baye bafunda ukusebenzisa izimbiwa - amalahle.

imbonakalo yoqhawulo-phepha

Kwi-Russian uBukhosi amalahle esetyenziswayo lincinane, kunye nemveliso yayo engundoqo kwaqala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX, emva kokufunyanwa yesibambiso zizityebi. Noko ke, ithemba olu hlobo amafutha waqonda nokuba uPetros yena kuqala.

Ngoko xa iphulo Azov, waboniswa izimbiwa emnyama ukuba watshiswa kakuhle. Kamva, ukususela 1722, lo umthetho walungelelanisa hambo ukuze Ukuhlolwa awo.

Yintoni carbon eziphili zamandulo? Le ezimbiwa omnyama, zamahlathi, kodwa aphuke kunye lobushushu yokutsha eliphezulu. Oku zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu.

Okokuqala - oku anthracite. Umxholo carbon ngazo yi-95%. Kakhulu eninzi yaye esinika amandla uhlobo zepetroli. Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu iinjongo zoshishino.

Le yesibini - le namalahle. Kuye kwasekwa ngamatye lentlenga, ipesenti carbon kuyo 75-95. Kwakhona iqulathe isixa esikhulu ukufuma ngenxa apho avuse nokutsha mgangathweni njengoko anthracite.

I sesithathu nesokugqibela - na amalahle omdaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu umgquba oselula wabumba iintsalela iqulathe ukusuka 65 ukuya 75% carbon.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX eRashiya waqalisa imveliso olubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa esi sibonelelo. Noko ke, njengoko ehlabathini liphela. A uhlobo olutsha zepetroli iza kuphuhlisa kakhulu kushishino, umzekelo imveliso efanayo ihagu yentsimbi, leyo ngaphambili asikwazanga kuveliswa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

Production noSetyenziso

Wakha iindlela ezimbini: komhlaba nangaphandle. Eyokuqala kakhulu eqhelekileyo ezishishina zayo ngaphandle kumphezulu womhlaba azixhaphakanga kwaye kamsinya ediniwe. Xa imfuneko yokuba kwakhiwe i komhlaba, apho ubunzulu iimanyano zomhlaba bamoya ilahle ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke baphakamisa ngaphandle, apho ukuhlela kunye ukulayisha.

Le nkqubo esidityaniswe ngohlobo olwahlukileyo ingozi - lowo doti, izikhukula, udubulo methane. Ngaphandle amalahle uthuli kudla iqulethe carcinogens, kunye mgodini kufuneka banxibe respirators ethintela zokuphefumla, ngenxa yoko, kwanaleyo igesi egazini.

Coal usetyenziswa kwinani-mveliso ukusuka emandleni, ephela nezindlu kwilali yesiqhelo amalahle.

ingozi

Nangona ixabiso eliphantsi zokuvelisa kunye nobushushu yokutsha eliphezulu amalahle wenzakalisa elibalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngexesha yokutsha likhupha izixa ezikhulu carbon dioxide leyo aggravates yi greenhouse effect.

uqonde ke ukuba amalahle yindlela bona, ezithi ziveliswa kwaye umda wabo. Nanamhla oku, nalaa mafutha akayi ndawo, kodwa koovimba zaso uyaphela, esenza sicinge malunga khangela eminye imithombo yamandla.