Yeyiphi indlela iintsholongwane wande ubambene okanye ulwahlulo?

eziphilayo bacteria Iyakwazi kudala yonke yokuhlala ezaziwayo. Bona emoyeni, emanzini uphile kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa ke uninzi lwabo umphantsi nomphezulu womhlaba. Inani ezi zinto ziphilayo kuxhomekeke nje kuphela iimpawu kwesakhiwo. Kuyinto ngenxa Makwandiswe ukukwazi enkulu nokuzala. Ngayiphi indlela zande iintsholongwane, oko kuya ngokufutshane apha kweli nqaku.

Ngoobani aba ntsholongwane?

Ezi eziphilayo ke kwiseli enye, eziphilayo kunqabile lobukoloniyali. Bona amalungiselelo kunokuba kwakudala. unit Surface emelwe inwebu imazi ibonakalisa kunye philisi, kwaye kukho icytoplasm akanalo mitochondria kunye plastids. iiseli amaninzi msila, apho iintsholongwane ukuhamba.

zofuzo

Bacterium prokaryotes. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zawo kuswela nuclei. Kodwa ke impahla ngokwemfuzo ngazo zisekhona. Izihloko DNA iimolekyuli kwindawo ethile kukho icytoplasm kunye nucleoid ebizwa. Ngamanye amazwi sinokuthi prokaryotes akukho engundoqo ndizayo. Ngako oko, iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo kwemichiza, abanako ukwenza. Noko ke, oku akuthethi kuchaphazela ukukwazi kwabo nokuzala.

Yeyiphi indlela nande iintsholongwane?

Iintsholongwane bazale division cell. Le yeyona ndlela iphambili kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Ukusuka isiqingatha enye seyure iiseli koomama nomntwana ezimbini. Kwaye kwisithuba ngexesha elifanayo iiseli ezimbini ezintsha intombi ukwenzeka kwakhona. Oku kuchaza inani elikhulu iintsholongwane kwindalo.

Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, iintsholongwane bangaba imbewu - iiseli asetyenziselwa ukujikwa maqanda. Ngamanye amaxesha iiseli bacteria ityatyambile - zenze lunamaqoqo ezincinane ezikhula, ikhule ibe abadala, yaye yahlula ukusuka umzali.

Yeyiphi indlela zande iintsholongwane, kuyenzeka kwakhona ukuqwalasela umzekelo conjugation. Kuyinto oluthile yokuzalana ngokwesondo. ke ukutshintshisana ngolwazi yemfuza phakathi iiseli. Phambi kokuqala kabini setyhula DNA. ibhulorho Further cytoplasmic luqokelelane phakathi kwiiseli, apho ulwazi ilifa elo tyala iseli enye kwenye. Kukho utshintshiselwano amacandelo DNA. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba ufumana iimpawu ezintsha, nto leyo eluncedo kuye rhoqo. Umzekelo, iintsholongwane abanganyangekiyo izinto engentle yokusingqongileyo, iintsholongwane, okanye antibiotics.

iintsholongwane eziguqula zihlala zande iingcambu imidumba kunye nokutya okuziinkozo. Gaze ngokusebenzisa inkqubo iingcambu okanye iindawo achaphazelekileyo lunwele zingenangcambu ukwandisa kunye nefom lunamaqoqo - maqhuqhuva. Ngaphakathi wadala indawo evumayo nethe. I ingcambu ithumela iintsholongwane izinto eziphilayo kunye iintsholongwane - nitrogen, nto leyo ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhula kunye nophuhliso kwezityalo.

Icandelo zibe ziiseli

Yeyiphi indlela zande iintsholongwane, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye yokuhlala. Kodwa kwaba bobabini ungabelana zonke izinto bacteria. Le inkqubo ke ithabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela yaye kuthiwa ngokucandeka yokubini.

Phambi kokuqala eyahlula thunzi DNA kabini. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuphindaphindeka kwenzeka. sabela Nucleotide, i-DNA intombi ngaphandle. Ikhule ibe ke kukho icytoplasm, i inwebu yeseli ibekwe phakathi iimolekyuli DNA. Ezizezi iluthe iseli neziqulatho zayo kwisiqingatha.

Ngomhla omnye iiseli 72, kubonakala sizukulwana yebhaktiriya ukukhanya. Ukuba wonke amagciwane iqhubeka iphila, biomass yabo iya kuba malunga ne-5 m. Endalweni, Kakade ke, oku akwenzeki oku, yaye inkoliso iintsholongwane ayabulawa.

ngezakhi

Isakhiwo kwakhona uchaza indlela apho nande iintsholongwane.

iintlobo yobukoloniyali kunye icyanobacteria (blue-eluhlaza ulwelwe) bayakwazi yokuzala kwezityalo. Ngale ndlela, uninzi izityalo zande. Yena ukuba ahlukane yonke nenyama amalungu ayo multi-cellular.

iintlobo icyanobacteria Filamentous enza iiseli ezikhethekileyo ebizwa geterotsisty. andise kwezityalo ukuyeka kwayo, emdeni leyo kuqhutyelwa kwiindawo heterocysts indawo.

Globular bacteria cocci banamathele ngemixokelelwane, ezisebenzisanayo okanye namanye amaziko. Wedwa omnye komnye, bande nabo.

sporulation

Iintsholongwane zizalana yi imbewu, apho lasekwa ngo iimeko ezingalunganga. Ibihlungu ukwakhiwa - ayikho nje indlela yokuzala. Ngaphakathi kule mpikiswano umisela imeko okhethekileyo, kunciphise isiqulatho amanzi, iinkqubo ubomi imisiwe. Kule meko eliphikisa uloyiko akukho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye imitha ionizing, okanye ukungakhuseleki ukuba amachiza. Xa iimeko zivuma kwenzeka kwakhona, ngaphandle iziindawo ekubanjwene eziphilayo abaselula virus. Ngenxa yoko, ukwakheka ibihlungu i khetho ukugcina ukuphila iiseli kwiimeko ka kuyo. Kukho iimeko xa imbewu iintsholongwane kuhlala amashumi akhulayo kwaye nkqu amakhulu eminyaka.

encystation

Enye indlela yokukhusela kwiimeko ezinzima kunye indlela yemveliso ukuyilwa cysts. Bona vesicles kunye amaqokobhe zamafu. Xa imo cysts iintsholongwane inokuba ixesha elide. Ngaloo ndlela ke iginya lobushushu elibekwe ngaphezu kwama- 200. Nokufika kweemeko eziqhelekileyo igciwane ephuma yeqokobhe kwaye iqala ngokucandeka eqhelekileyo yokubini.

Ngayiphi indlela zande iintsholongwane, kodwa kunokuba ukusombulula iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Xa izondlo ngokwanele ukufuma, kukho isiqulatho ioksijini agqithisileyo, umoya iinkqubo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu okanye asezantsi kusetyenziswa encystment igciwane okanye ibihlungu. Xa kukho imeko-bume, bahlukene kwaye yezeka. Kuyinto iintlobo enjalo iindlela yokuzala, leyo bayakwazi intsholongwane ebangela iinombolo zabo endle. Ukuba inkqubo yokwahlula intsholongwane iseli enye akukho wayeka iintsuku ezili-10, bahlanganise lonke kumphezulu umhlaba.