Yintoni opera Gershwin kaThixo "Porgy and Bess"? Isishwankathelo kunye umqondo

imisebenzi emininzi emangalisayo wabhala umqambi ephawulekayo Dzhordzh Gershvin ngenxa mfutshane ubomi bakhe. Phakathi kwazo iingoma pop kunye rhapsodies, kunye yakho, nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi, kunye Suites, kwaye lidlala iintlobo ngeentlobo. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi ababukeli ivuyela opera jazz "Porgy kunye Bess." Ushwankathe- wo azi embalwa, ubukhulu becala eyaziwa ngokuba lullaby edume uClara, leyo ibizwa elinye igama - "Summer". Melody umdla isizukulwana ngaphezu kwesinye, kodwa yintoni na? Nento yonke opera?

Yintoni i Gershwin

Indlela eya ubuqaqawuli bukaYakobi, owayeyinzala abafuduki abasuka eRashiya, akuzange kube lula. Self-ukufunda ukudlala ipiyano waqalisa ukulawula eneminyaka elishumi, yaye kwiminyaka emine kamva, ngowe-1914, ityendyana lomfana "iCathedral" ukupapasha Remick accompanist. Intsapho yayihlala eBrooklyn, nezityebi, abathathu abantwana Gershovitsev (lowo igama Gershwin ebutsheni bakhe) ongathanda ukuba adle, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba asebenze. Ukuthanda mculo bekhubazekile. ukufunda nje ukudlala, uGeorge waqalisa ukubhala, kodwa ngaphandle impumelelo enkulu. Ukuzingisa, nakuba kunjalo, zixakatha neziqhamo, ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe ne italente leyo, yaye kungekudala revue uSigmund Romberg wakhalisa imisebenzi lokuqala lombhali abatsha. Ke yonke into waya ngokungqinelana ngokupheleleyo yindlela "American Dream" - udumo, impumelelo, imali. waqhubeka uvuyo lobomi de 1937. In umqambi brilliant nepiyano bafumanisa ukuba ithumba ebuchotsheni esingasebenziyo. Isifo wabulala George Gershwin kwi kunyaka 39. Kodwa ke abantu abaninzi, kuquka yokubhala kakhulu opera "Porgy kunye Bess." Isishwankathelo kwezinye indalo yakhe kuzakuthatha isithuba kakhulu ukuba isihloko olulodwa.

design

Ngowe-1926, uGeorge incwadi ebhalwe D. Hayward, yaye lo msebenzi uncwadi wenze nomvakalelo womoya onamandla phezu kwakhe. Nangona umqambi olwenziwa ngononophelo, wabhala umculo, kodwa wathatha ixesha ukuthumela ileta eya umbhali, apho wavakalisa nokwazisa ngenjongo ukusebenza imveliso, wamitha njenge umzekeliso umculo yenoveli. Kwadlula iminyaka esibhozo phambi kokuba uyakwazi ukuqalisa kwesi sicwangciso yoyilo. Ngexesha sibini - Dyuboz kunye Doroti Heyvord - azibhaqa spirituals efanelekileyo yokusebenza bazihlangula na esekelwe kwi ncwadi. Kwisiqwenga umsebenzi wokubhala baba lomntu ezimbini abamnyama, Porgy kunye Bess. Isishwankathelo inoveli inokuncitshiswa ukuba ibinzana elithi "melodrama mthetho".

Isivumelwano sisayinwe

E Melika, yonke into enkulu uqala ikhontrakthi. Ngowe-1933 ukuba basayine isivumelwano amathathu phakathi "Theatre Guild", umbhali komthombo Dyubozom Hayward loncwadi kunye nomqambi George Gershwin kwi kodwa ebhaliweyo opera "Porgy kunye Bess." Isishwankathelo kuxwebhu, kwaye ngoku sele babe yinxalenye imbali yezobugcisa yaseMelika, i transfer iimeko zemali kunye kutsalwe umdla ekumba. Ingcamango jikelele kunye inxalenye ezoncwadi, eziquka inkoliso mdlalo, ukuba umbhali. Afunga ukuqamba umculo uJ Gershwin. Guild wathabatha ekukhuthazeni opera kwi ndawo zemidlalo yeqonga phambili. Imibhalo amanye amaqela evela ebuhlanti womntakwabo kaGeorge, Ira, loo nto kule mvumelwano zange, nto nje kwenzeke.

Lo mfanekiso yokuqala, amanyathelo 1-3

Famous lullaby Clara - nantsi ukuqalisa indlela opera "Porgy kunye Bess." Isishwankathelo sesicatshulwa ngale, elisuke laba yinxalenye ezakudala jazz, lo inkcazo ephupheni utata osisityebi, unina ezintle, iintlanzi uxhumayo ephuma emanzini kunye nezinye iziganeko ezinkulu ezakha ithemba amahlwempu. Kudibaniso ingoma ongemhle umdla lullaby ukhokela umphulaphuli kwizikolo zikarhulumente ekunene ngokwasemphefumlweni ukusuka ukulele yokuqala. Oku kulandelwa imeko yongquzulwano eyavela ngexesha ukugembula idayisi. Le nkampani waqokelela fun: apha kwaye ilungu waseNew York zemidlalo Life (a lesiqhulo), kunye Robbins (ongowesango ukusuka izibuko) kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, kwaye Crown (kwakhona mnyango wamwisela umthetho) nentombi yakhe UBeth. Kodwa kukho okhubazekileyo, ezimnyama (njengaye wonke umntu) Porgy.

Oomashini squabbled, Crown wambulala Robbins basaba. Nantso Amapolisa aya kuza ukubaleka, umbulali ezintle-intombi wadideka, engazi ukuba benze ntoni, yaye akukho bani ukuba amncede. bakhubazeke kuphela inika yokusabela yakhe endlwini yakhe, yaye uyavuma. Ngelo xesha, umhlolokazi bedanduluka Robbins, nabamelwane ukuba amncede, ukuba unako. Bahlale ndawonye Porgy kunye Bess. Isishwankathelo imisebenzi emibini yokuqala oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo ndidiniwe.

Oku kulandelayo ibhekisela yokuba ixesha elide (ngenyanga okanye ngaphezulu) sele idlule ukususela iziganeko ezimangalisayo. happy Porgy, ukuba kudala wayemthanda iBhete, kodwa wayesoyika ukuyivuma loo nto, kodwa ngoku kuvulwa. Life of a ilali encinane okuloba uza isingqisho rhoqo amadoda hamba uye elwandle, elindele abafazi babo. Kodwa apha kwakhona apho eqongeni zemidlalo Life, naphantsi benze isimemo ukuya Ipikiniki kuthatha Bess fun. Porgy wasala yedwa.

Umfanekiso we yesibini final

Dramatic kodwa banethemba jazz ballad opera "Porgy kunye Bess." Isishwankathelo sesibini umboniso kungachazwa dynamically: imifanekiso landela omnye komnye, zibe eninzi kohlelo isantya imibala umahluko, oko kudla indawo enkulu ezingephi vice versa.

Scene Folk umkhosi, kumnandi, imibala eqaqambileyo lifana American abamnyama ilokhwe. Zemidlalo Ubomi onwabile kunye self-nihluthe, kodwa ke ngesiquphe kubonakala ngumbulali obalekayo Crown. Ithatha intombi yakhe nangona inkcaso yakhe.

Morning. Polyphonic Abathengisi polyphonic roll, izandi kwedolophu Awakening.

- Fish!

- bomvu!

Bess kunjalo ndasinda ezandleni Crown kwaye ngoku, udiniwe, lulele kwigunjana Porgy. Fisherwoman, zeza ukunceda, ukuba athandaze. Ngaphandle window, uqhwithela luqala, yabulala indoda yakhe.

Emva kwexesha ebusuku Crown izama singene kwikhaya Porgy. Akalindelanga ukuba kulwa nawe, kodwa abakhubazekileyo ukukhusela uthando lwakho njengoko unako yaye scuffle elandelayo ngempazamo uyalibulala umoni. Police Porgy ngaphandle kokuba umrhanelwa, kodwa luya kakhulu njengengqina.

Xa kwakhululwa yena, akayi kufumana intanda yakhe. Bexhamla Ubomi wakhohlisa Bess, emxelela ukuba Porgy "upekli" ixesha elide, waphatha ubuhle New York.

Porgy uza kufuna kuye. Yena bechwayitile yaye uzimisele, nangona, ngaphandle izinto ezilula kunye isitulo, engenanto.

Nantso ibali lonke.

ekugqibeleni kuba

Umxholo opera "Porgy and Bess" nkqu-akhawunti kakhulu epheleleyo eneenkcukacha abakwazi ukuveza emoyeni, ezinokuvula i Gershwin ezikrelekrele. Lo msebenzi kuphela elimile drama iyelenqe mthetho, nguwe kanye ibali uthando obungenasiphelo. Imalunga sizincame, ukuzimisela ukwenza nantoni na ukuze umntu omthandayo, kwaye ke ulonwabo lokwenene kulo amanga. Abakhubazekileyo Porgy akoyiki ubunzima, uyazi ukuba i "indlela yayo". Yaba le ndlela inkulu umculo ngu George Gershwin. Oku kungenziwa wamlalela kwaye ukwazi ulwimi IsiNgesi, nakanjani.