Ukupeyinta "Morning of the Strelets enze". Inkcazelo painting Vasiliya Surikova "Morning le Strelets 'enze'

Ukupeyinta "Morning of the Strelets loSetyenziso" ibrashi Vasily Surikov ubeka umbukeli olungalungiselelwanga ukuze ngxi. Yintoni kubonisiwe apha? Kucacile ukuba yintlekele yezabantu; iinkanuko jikelele musa ukunika isizathu uthandabuza kuyo. Kwakhona lo mfanekiso ungabona - kwaye bafunde - tsar uPetros Yokuqala. nabaphulaphuli Russian kungenzeka eyona nto idume episode kwimbali belizwe, xa iishelfu Royal eMoscow, esebenzisa host geqe amazwe wavuka. Kodwa yintoni eyabangela ukuba le mvukelo? Kwaye yintoni artist aweyefuna ukuyithetha yokudweba yakhe? Eneneni, nangona igama mfiliba, lo mfanekiso akakwazi ukubona nayiphi na baxhonywa okanye intloko. Makhe sizame ukuqonda oku.

Nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye iziganeko

udade uPeter Omkhulu, Nozipho A., tsolo kwi the Novodevichy Convent, akazange ngethemba ukuba ahlale etroneni Russia ushiye. Ukuthatha ithuba lokungabikho ngomntakwabo, wathi uPetros yatshintsha. Wabiza abatoli ukuba uyayinceda nokukhusela Russia ukusuka ayehlasela amaRoma (okt abaphathi baseYurophu, lowo ukumkani Kucelwa Germany nase-Netherlands). We basabela ikhwelo yakhe amajoni 175 ukusuka regiments ezine. Bafika e eMoscow uxwebhu lwezikhalazo ngoMatshi 1698. Ekuqaleni Epreli, bakwazi kkuba evela eMoscow, kodwa babuyela regiments zabo bagwilika. Injongo yakhe yayikukuba ukwakha etroneni Sophia, kwaye ukuba akafuni ubukumkani - i abathinjiweyo V. Golitsyna. URhulumente wathumela amawaka amabini bavukeli nxamnye regiments ezine owamahashe, amanene. NgoJuni, imvukelo waye abathintela, yaye "baphembeleli ezininzi egregious" wamxhoma. Echaza Strelets'execution kusasa, Surikov uthatha njengesiseko yayo version esemthethweni. Oko sisenzo lobulungisa, i kufezwa 22 okanye June 28, 1698. Emva koko, ngokutsho yemihla, abantu mahlanu-amathandathu wamxhoma.

Imbali Morning Strelets'execution

Enyanisweni, ingcinezelo eqala xa uPetros wabuyela eRashiya (25 Agasti 1698). Ukumkani kuqalise yaye yakhokelela kwakhona uphando. Okwangoku Strelets'execution kusasa, ukuxelwa elinika oonozakuzaku wothuka ngelo xesha, kwenzeka ngomhla we-10 Oktobha. Ke waxhonywa, wamnqumla amawaka amabini yabatoli. Abahlanu kubo, ukumkani ngokobuqu intloko. Uye angawaconganga nabani, musa ukukhangela nasiphi na isini okanye ubudala. yamantombazana ababini oodade bakhe luhlelwe wangcwatywa emhlabeni ubomi. UBamcubunga 500, ngubani ubusemtsha kakhulu, ukumkani akhululwa isohlwayo sokufa, kodwa ke wonqanyulwa, impumlo, iindlebe, wabeka isitampu wamthumela ekuthinjweni. Le ingcinezelo kwaqhubeka de entwasahlobo ka-1699. Kungcwaba kubulawa ukumkani, ngubani njengento fan lwamaxabiso yaseYurophu, avunyelwe kuphela ngoFebruwari.

Imbali lokubhala ngelaphu

Ngoko ke ufuna ukuxelela oyibukeleyo womzobo "Morning of the loSetyenziso Strelets", esemfuleni State Tretyakov Gallery mboniso eMoscow? Lo ngelaphu inkulu Vasiliya Surikova, awayibeka kubaphulaphuli. Wayesebenza kuyo iminyaka emithathu - ukususela 1878 ukuya 1881. Kwakutheni ukuze igcisa lwaba nomxholo kwimbali Russian? Mhlawumbi athi bahlalise le Moscow endala, apho wafudukela emva kokuba St Petersburg Academy of Arts. Kuthiwa ekuqaleni umzobi wayefuna kukuveza phezu ngelaphu, kwaye abambalwa wamxhoma. Yena wasikhelela imizobo. Kodwa omnye umkhonzazana endlwini akubabona, ndaphelelwa ngamandla. Ngoko Surikov wanikela ingcamango ukuba yothuse kumbukeli. Kodwa isohlwayo kabuhlungu amanwele isigcina nengxabano rhoqo. Le imvakalelo yomelele phambi imifanekiso wamagazi. Ukupeyinta "Morning of the Strelets loSetyenziso" like mbuthi Tretyakov. Yena ngoko nangoko wayithenga. Waza kamva wongeza ukuba kwaqokelelwa ezimbini wizard kwimixholo zembali - "Boyar tvoix" yaye "Menshikov e Berezovo".

ukwakheka

Le ngelaphu enkulu (379 x 218 neesentimitha) silungiselelwe ioli. Ukupeyinta "Morning of the loSetyenziso Strelets" eqhubeka. kwi imibala emnyama, leyo ubethelela ngakumbi ntlekele sisithokothoko lo mzuzu. Artist basebenzisa ukufumana ekwakhiweni kwayo umdla. Eyisongile ke umgama phakathi kwezinto kwi-Red Square. Womzobo ilingane ekunene yesicelo ithawa eludongeni, eSt Vasiliya Blazhennogo kunye nendawo ngokubulawa. Ngoko ke, bambalwa abalinganiswa kweshumi ukudala isimo sayo isihlwele esikhulu, engumqondiso abantu Russian. Kubalulekile ukuba inani lokumkani ngasemva. Ukuze nguzwilakhe ukuba sibonile, umculi kubonisiwe naye ngamahashe. UPeter "jonga ezimbini zokucwangcisa," nomnye musketeers, ngubani wazidiliza phantsi ubunzima zocindezelo. Ukumkani uyaqonda ukuba akukho ulawulo phezu umoya nebhongo ebantwini, yaye indawo yayo uhlala unquenched.

imibala

Kuba ukupeyinta "Morning of the Strelets loSetyenziso" Surikov wasebenzisa osisityebi iwindo yokhetho. kusasa yasekwindla Early emva ebusuku olunethayo xa isikwere kusekho inkungu ezijingayo ekhonza imvelaphi izimvi apho kuvela ngokucacileyo ngakumbi ebubingelelini ezimhlophe enetyala streltsi kunye namakhandlela ezandleni zabo. litshatshazi, etsala izimvo nababukeli, kumi yintoli kunye iinwele ezibomvu. Nangona izandla zakhe kwavalwa iinyawo zakhe sixinene ayini, kucacile ukuba umoya wakhe igqojozwe. Libonakalisa shot phezulu nokulenya khandlela, leyo licudisa esandleni sakhe. shirt White nemvelaphi gray, lo grisaille bazithambise iingubo eziqaqambileyo abemi baloo maxesha. umfazi Red kerchief intombazana encinane kunye zegolide-ingubo Strelets 'umbukeli idluliselwa uhlanga osentlungwini.

imifuziselo

Xa ukupeyinta "Morning le Strelets kubulawa," igcisa usibekile ikhowudi ethile, luqondakale wonke. Okokuqala, inani "7". Yiloo ndlela abatoli kakhulu kubonisiwe kwi-ngelaphu (omnye kubo sele lisuswe kubulawa - kwaba ikhandlela elivuthayo kuphela - uphawu umphefumlo wakhe olungunaphakade). Oku kuyabonakala izahluko ezisixhenxe Cathedral ka Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Bokwakha blade background libuye intsingiselo efihlakeleyo. Okungqongqo yesicelo Tower ingqinelana ngokomfanekiso ka Tsar uPeter Omkhulu, ngelixa, intloko eqaqambileyo bala ibandla zingumqondiso neminqweno yabantu Orthodox Russian, lo Osisithethi iingcamango ukuba abulawe afe, kunye yabatoli.