2 senyanga lokukhulelwa, ultrasound: yombhalo

Abantu abaninzi banomdla koko ezintathu zengqo- Uhlalutyo lwenziwa kunye US? 2 ezintathu ukwenza uphando olubanzi abafazi bonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa impendulo entle okanye embi malunga data zifumaneka ngaphambili, kwakunye njengoko wayebonakele iimpawu, apho ubonisa ultrasound.

Yenza ultrasound (ezintathu 2) kuphela phantsi imithetho ethile ukulungiselela le nkqubo. Ingcaciso ye data kwenzeka ngokungqinelana nemigaqo efanayo yokuqala yoviwo.

Ukuhlolwa lwesibini ukufukama usana kufuna amanyathelo ezimbini:

1. Ukufeza le ezintathu ultrasound we2.
2. yokuvavanya - test igazi ngemithambo eziliqela hormone.

Yayibubungqina ephambili ukuba isaveyi

Izifundo ziye zabanjwa ngqo izizathu efanayo ezintathu lokuqala:

1. Ubukho kwegciwane okanye lohlobo.
2. Izifo badlale ilifa.
3. Diabetes osegazini.
4. Izifo namalungu.
5. Umhlaza omnye wabazali babo.
6. ngezifo Chromosomal imvelo
7. A imbali kwesisu okanye abasebenzi kulogo.
8. Ukuba usana kunye ukungaqheleki ezithile.
9. Kwenzeka phambi kokuba ukufa Umbungu esibelekweni;
10. iziphumo abaziintsizana uvavanyo lokuqala, ithuba leeveki 14 kamva wabonisa nophuhliso engaqhelekanga le mveku.

US norm 2 ezintathu kuvumela ukuqinisekisa ukulingana ye amathambo umntwana ukutyhila imeko ventricles ingqondo, kwiCerebellum, izakhiwo nomqolo kunye nobuso. Ngokukodwa, ngoxa zokuzoba ingqalelo impumlo, imilebe, isokethi iliso, imithambo yentliziyo, enkulu neempahla, izintso, lwesinyi iphecana zesisu.

fetometry

Ultrasound Protocol 2 ezintathu senzelwe ukuba ubuqonde:

• ngumkhaya indawo kunye nezinyuko zayo;
• Isakhiwo ukuvuthwa degree ngumkhaya;
• inani imithambo intambo yosana;
• fluid;
• zomlomo wesibeleko karhulumente kunye nodonga zesibeleko kunye waso;
• Iimpawu fetometry.

Fetometry ebizwa umlinganiselo ubukhulu Palsy. Oku kuquka:

• ubungakanani intloko yosana olungekazalwa, ebunzi nentamo;
• circle ububanzi intloko kunye wedini esiswini;
• index cephalic yokuhlaziya isakhiwo intloko;
• ubude amathambo elide (hip, lesiquluba, ezinkulu nezincinane, ihumerus, ulna kunye radius) kumacala omabini.

Abawacazululayo 2 ezintathu ultrasound ivumela ukuba ukuseka ubudala sokukhula efanelekileyo sokukhulelwa, ukuvavanya umgangatho wokukhula ezingekazalwa, ukuqinisekisa ixesha ukukhulelwa, ukuba ukuchonga ukuqhwalela kuphuhliso kunye nobukho ezingaqhelekanga.

zigule

ukukhula intrauterine inokuba semilo twatsa kunye yezi zinto. Kwimeko yokuqala, uphuhliso umlinganiselo, kwaye zonke izalathisi sicebisa slippage ultrasound kwisiqhelo esakhulelwe.

iimpawu azilingani zezi zilandelayo:

• ukulinganisa achazwe apha esinqeni ngezantsi norm;
• ubukhulu intloko kunye DBC kuyinto eqhelekileyo ixesha elide;
• ukwanda lulwahlulo qeda gas / njengesipholisi kunye CST / njengesipholisi.

Kuxhomekeka iziphumo ezifunyenweyo, ukuze sikwazi ukubona imiphakamo emithathu ukusilela:

1. Ongekenziwa iiveki 2-3.
2. Ongekenziwa iiveki 3-4.
3. iiveki ezi-5 okanye ngaphezulu.

Uvavanyo ubume amalungu angaphakathi olungekazalwa 2 ezintathu zokukhulelwa, ultrasound

Cross-amacandelo intloko:

• ngaphandle isakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga elimile ilamuni, banana nestrawberry okanye lubizwa brachycephaly, ubukho intloko kabini-iziporo zikaloliwe uqhubukusha lo nokudumba ingqondo;
• wafunda ingqibelelo ubume ngamathambo yokakayi.

Uvavanyo karhulumente yobuchopho:

• ventriculomegaly ubonisa ventricles ezandisiweyo ingqondo;
• kule olujikeleza kubonisiwe ubukho cysts;
• iqatshelwe ezisemthethweni zoxilongo-Cerebellum;
• neoplasms ibonakele ukhakhayi, apho ibekwe kumphezulu wayo.

Ukuchongwa kweempawu ngqo Down syndrome:

• anda umgama phakathi neziseko;
• umlomo waso sikarhulumente evulekileyo;
• ulwimi eveleleyo;
• ngenhliziyo ukukhubazeka kutyhilwa;
• bone kwanciphisa shin.

izakhiwo sobuso:

• Imboniselo yabucala ukufunda nemihlathi eliphezulu aphansi;
• ubukho Cyclops kunye anophthalmia (uphando entsimini neziseko eye);
• phambi iindevu zicandwe kunye nenkalakahla (inkalakahla zicandeke kunye umlebe zicandwe);
• phambi Buze kwemihlathi eliphezulu.

Xa mgaqweni umnqonqo iqaphele ubukho cleavage kule ndawo. Oku kuhlanganiswa kunye nophuhliso engaqhelekanga le umnqonqo. Le ngezifo kuyingozi kakhulu.

A ukuskena kwesifuba. Oku ithatha nokuthintelwa pleural kunye effusion pericardial - eziqhelekileyo pericardial band fluid ayikho ngaphezu 2mm. Kuboniswa inqanaba lokuvuthwa emiphungeni - yonke umphunga ekuphuhliseni ngokuchanekileyo ohlala omnye kwisithathu icandelo emnqamlezweni. Released degrees ezintathu:

• 0 - echogenicity Isalathisi ukukhanya ngaphantsi echogenicity esibindini.
• 1 - figure echogenicity wemiphunga zesibindi elingana;
• 2 - sisikhanyiso Isalathisi ngasentla echogenicity echogenicity wesibindi.

Ixhomekeka output kwentliziyo (phambi kwezakhiwo esinamavili ngaphandle ezimbi) kunye nempahla eziphambili. Yavavanywa esiswini, isibindi, amathumbu, izintso, lwesinyi uvalo.

Ukuvavanywa ngumkhaya

Study zezifundo amalungu nohlobo okwethutyana. Ezi ziquka ngumkhaya, imfesane yosana kunye fluid. Ukufeza le ezintathu ultrasound-2 ukuvumela ukuba ukujonga imeko ngumkhaya ngokunxulumene basekhaya zevu zesibeleko wesizalo.

Ukuba saqhotyoshelwa kumgama 5.5 cm ezantsi os zangaphakathi, bathi placentation ephantsi, kodwa ukuba ivaliwe ngenxa zevo yonke engaphakathi okanye inxalenye, yinto bubungqina beendawo previa.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu, yena Ungasa kwaye libe phezulu, ngoko bonisa ultrasound mandatory kwi kwiveki 27-28.

ukunyuka ubukhulu placental, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala sokukhulelwa kwaye kuqikelelwa kwindawo kuthinjwe intambo yosana. Ukuba index olulingana ngaphezu 4.5 cm, libonisa ubukho nokudumba izifo RH ezingekazalwa, ikhondo zohlobo esosulelayo okanye ubukho seswekile.

Ubungakanani sivuthiwe ngumkhaya:

• Malunga - ukuya kwezingama-30;
• 1 - up to kwiiveki 27-36;
• 2 - 34-39 iiveki;
• 3 - emva kweeveki ezingama-36.

Isimo kolwelo fluid kunye imfesane yosana

Rastsenivanie fluid ikuvumela ukuseta inombolo. amanqanaba ephakamileyo okanye edandathekile yosulelo evusa umbungu esibelekweni, ikhuthaza imbonakalo ezimbi ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuze kumiselwe ubuninzi ulwelo fluid ethathwa index amniotic fluid. Ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-2 cm, Sithetha isiqulatho kuyehla, kwaye ngaphezu kwama-8 cm - ngcono.

Ekuphicothisiseni intambo ukubala inani iimpahla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba iqulathe umthambo enye kanye pair ezincinane. Kwakhona wabhekisela ubukho ephambuka imfesane yosana azibophelele yayo entanyeni Palsy.

isimo isibeleko

US protocol of the ezintathu 2 yokukhulelwa, kwaye kuquka ulwazi malunga nemeko isibeleko. inqanaba elinyuliweyo of ombane. Hypertonia ezindongeni, ubukho iintlungu okanye netuwa igazi previa sifo.

indawo udonga wesizalo ingqalelo kunye ubukho yamathumba somhlaza (fibroids). Kwakhona wabhekisela mkhwa lokukhula kwabo, nendawo kuthelekiswa umbungu kunye ngumkhaya. Kwimeko utyando kwi isibeleko yi yesisu Kulinganiselwa:

1. uhlobo awayezizityebi amabala. isakhiwo sayo iqulathe akukho inclusions, ukufana esibonakala kunye iikhonto evenness yabantu abangakwaziyo asezantsi. Isalathisi siva ubukhulu angekho ngaphezulu kwe-3 mm.
2. imbonakalo otshonileyo kwesiva. Oku kuphawula lo siphene. Umzekelo, phaya kupensi wakhululwa niche nzulu, thinned ilaphu, izixa aphezulu inclusions hyperechoic kwizicwili.

isimo wesibeleko

Ukuze babone wesibeleko kakuhle karhulumente zesibeleko wesibeleko kuqikelelwa sisalathisi ubude balo imigodi cross wesibeleko. Ngokwesiqhelo, ubukhulu entanyeni kufuneka ubuncinane 35 mm. Kuba kuphungulwe ukuya kwi-30 mm kwabasetyhini, baqulunqa umntwana wabo wokuqala, yaye ukuya kwi-20 mm kunye nokukhulelwa yesibini, kunokwenzeka ukuba bagwebe ukusilela tserviakalnoy isthmic.

uqeqesho

US (2 ezintathu) ifuna akukho uqeqesho olukhethekileyo. Amathumbu, nangona ubukho berhasi, otdvigaetsya eyadlulayo akhula ukusuka kwisayizi esibelekweni. A lwesinye epheleleyo ithathwa yi fluid.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ngegazi ukwenzela uhlalutyo kufuna ezinye uqeqesho. Ngosuku phambi kokuba inkqubo, umfazi okhulelweyo maze bangayityi itshokolethi, ekoko kunye nokutya eqhotsiweyo. Ukongeza, Uze ungadli kuwo iiyure 4-6 phambi kokuba ukunikela ngegazi. Uyakwazi usele amanzi kuphela iiyure-4, kodwa hayi ovundileyo kwaye isixa ml hayi ngaphezulu kwe-150.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhlolwa kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu akazange afune naluphi na uqeqesho.

Xa phando

ixesha lokubhaqa senyanga yesibini - iiveki 16-20. Le meko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuzimisela olufanelekileyo umgangatho hormone egazini. Imihla ultrasound ungqamane ezintathu uhlalutyo yesibini zengqo- igazi. Ultrasound lwenziwa kwindawo yokuqala, yaye iziphumo zithunyelwe umfazi kwi uvavanyo lwegazi.

Ukuphononongwa yesibini kubhetele ukuba badlulisele ngeveki 17 zokukhulelwa, okanye kwiveki ngaphambi kwalo mhla.

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza phi ukwenza US 2 senyanga ukukhulelwa? Le nkqubo kwenziwa kwiikliniki kwisithili, izifo kunye namaziko osana. Yombhalo ubungqina oogqirha make-uzist.

Imithetho zokufunda

Uhlolisiso abasetyhini abakhulelweyo luquka eziliqela iinkqubo ezithile.

Uviwo ultrasound wenziwa transabdominal kuphela, oko kukuthi eluswini esiswini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lo mfazi wabeka phantsi phezu kwesingqengqelo, vula esiswini. indawo esiswini ke iqatywe ngento gel. Ugqirha phambili phenyo eludongeni lwayo ngaphambili. Iintlungu okanye waziva oku ayikho nokwenza izinto.

Kwaye kwenziwa njani uhlalutyo eziphilayo? Ibhinqa elikhulelweyo kuza kwilebhu ungatyanga. Yegazi iyathathwa umthambo isixa ngeemililitha eziliqela. Elabhoratri, lo mfazi inika iziphumo ultrasound kwaye igcwalisa lemibuzo. Idatha eyafunyanwa adluliselwa yinkqubo. Iziphumo ziya seyilungile kwiintsuku ezili-14 kuphela.

yombhalo

Kokuhlaziya kubandakanya inani izikhombisi, nganye eneyazo norm yalo. Isiphumo Ukuhlolwa ezinto kubandakanya nokumisela umgangatho hormone ezinjalo

• chorionic gonadotropin;
• estriol;
• fetoprotein;
• inhibin, ukuba wenziwe uvavanyo ezintathu kunye kane.

Iziphumo zophando yesibini zixhomekeke ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Bona kuhlolwa ngokungqinelana kunye nexabiso kusale. Eli xabiso avareji ebalwa ukusuka ubudala, ubunzima bomzimba kunye kummandla okhulelweyo apho ahlala kulo. Iimpawu dagnostiki zahlulwe ixabiso afunyenwe kuphononongo kwisampula enkulu abafazi elifanayo eliphilayo ubudala kule ngingqi enye.

Ukuba hormone ku ezahlukene 0.5-2.5 umama, loo nto ithathwa umlinganiselo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba inani elingaphantsi ixabiso okanye ngenye indlela ngasentla, kule meko eboniswa icebiso specialist.

Ingcaciso uxilongo ezintathu yesibini na inqanaba lomngcipheko lokutyumba a ngezifo ethile. It yonyulwa nje. High-risk kucingwa sisalathisi-1: 250 okanye 1: 360 naluphi na uhlobo ngezifo. Ngaloo bekubona Down kaThixo Syndrome, iziphene uvaleke, Edwards, Patau. Oku kufuna kokubonisana imizila yemfuza. Xa umchazi-1: 100 ungacelwa zoviwo invasive leyo ibandakanya kokuchaza ngezifo ekujoliswe ndiseyimbumba yintlaninge zofuzo.

Ezinye iziphene ezo kamva kwaye ziya kuboniswa kuphela xa uvavanyo lwesibini kwiiveki 16-20 (2 ezintathu). Ultrasonography eyenziwa ngeli xesha, kuthathelwe ingqalelo le phawu. Kwimeko iziphumo ezibi Screening yesibini luyacetyiswa ukuba bafune ngengcebiso zofuzo u.