Amandla injini - imbali kunye nengcebiso esebenzayo

Nokufika zangaphakathi injini yokutsha phambi kokuba umbuzo abenzi ukuze kwandiswe amandla injini. I-injini yokuqala yayilungiselelwe yi ezingenangqondo kakhulu. Phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zazenziwe ngesinyithi okanye intsimbi, ukwenza iindlela emikhulu, egalelwe elifutshane elide. Ngokomzekelo, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-20 lwemoto ngenkulungwane injini uvelisa 100 enjini ubunzima phantse isiqingatha setoni. Thelekisa, igunya efanayo izithuthi mihla motor ubunzima ngaphantsi kwama-150 kg.

Ukuphumeza oku, ikakhulu abenzi eziphuculweyo Icandelo injini ngomatshini: icholwa up izinto, aluminiyamu, buphuhliswe buqaliswe buphenjelelwa ezintsha zeteknoloji, leyo ifakwe ekwiqondo eliphezulu yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye nobume. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa Pistons aluminiyam nako ukwandisa amandla injini ngokunciphisa ubunzima kunye zochuku yayo mandla ngaphezulu kwama-20 ekhulwini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba aluminiyam ngendlela esulungekileyo kweli isithuthi ayisetyenziswa, baze basebenzise aluminium yalo wemagniziyam, lesilicon, yemanganizi chromium.

Ukuphucuka amafutha kunye wesitshixo kwakhona ngcono kakhulu amandla we-injini. Carburetors aphezu komhlaba utshintsho lohlobo edadayo, leyo ekuqaleni olunye-gumbi, ngoko ke multi-gumbi. Kwaye ngoko ke elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko injection eziye indlela ende ukusuka monoinzhektorov ngoomatshini ukuba ezininzi iinkqubo zale mihla inaliti ngqo.

Endleleni, ukuphuculwa kunye nenkqubo ucinezelo: ukusuka interrupter elula elektroniki ukuba microprocessors. Akukho namnye injini bale mihla ngaphandle kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ulawulo ukuba athathele ingqalelo yonke imida malunga nokusebenza kwe-injini - amaqondo obushushu kunye nengxinano zezulu, isantya isithuthi, indawo umcephe wokunyusa, crankshaft, camshaft, ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali iigesi zeemoto, njl Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo lweenkcukacha electronic kugqiba isixa ngokupheleleyo kukudla kunikwa injini, kwaye mzuzu ucinezelo umxube amafutha-moya. Ngaloo ndlela kuyafikelelwa ukusebenza isebenzayo ye injini zepetroli.

Ukwandisa amandla injini diesel amaninzi kwafezekiswa nokusetyenziswa turbocharger, nto leyo iimpompo kukho umthamo omkhulu umoya lombhobho yi amandla iigesi zeemoto. Kwakhona, ukuphucula amafutha yokutsha ukusebenza kwinjini diesel mihla kusetyenziswa inkqubo «Common Rail».

Zininzi iindlela ukunyanzela imveliso ye injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Kodwa asimele silibale ukuba ungenelelo kuyilo injini - ayikho nje kunokuba nzima ixesha elide, kodwa kuyabiza kakhulu. Kufuneka izixhobo umatshini ophezulu-ngqo, aluminium ezizodwa kunye nezinto. Licacile elokuba, asingabo bonke abaqhubi baya kuba nako ukuyisebenzisa kwi ukukhawuleziswa motor imali awunakufaniswa ixabiso isiqingatha imoto.

Yintoni enokwenziwa amandla injini wayesoloko ubude?

Okokuqala, kufuneka ujonge ukuba zonke izicwangciso ifektri eqhelekileyo. Oyile, nesetyenziswa kwi-injini kufuneka athobele viscosity kunye neziqinisekiso.

Ukunciphisa ilahleko emoyeni inani Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise lokucoca ulwelo zero ukumelana - ngoko ngokuba "wam osenyongweni" - okulungileyo, kukho ngoku ukhetho olukhulu okucoca. Nokuba bohluka kangakanani na uhlobo, ubungakanani, indlela nitrogen, i-ekucetyiswa umthamo injini. Ngenxa yokuba abenzi lokucoca kufuneka amaqhoshana ukuba ntlobo zixhaphakileyo injini, ukufakelwa lokucoca elolo hlobo akuthethi kufuna iinzame ezibalulekileyo kunye neendleko.

Ukwandisa amandla motor ixhomekeke kwindlela exhaust ngokuphuculwa. Khumbula ukuba xa imoto yakho ayikho inkqubo agqitywa, kungcono ukuba kwisikhululo inkonzo, nto leyo zibanga kwiinkqubo zeemoto.