Mninzi komoya

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, bambalwa abantu bacinge malunga nokuba yintoni na lexinene zezulu, yaye yintoni intsingiselo eli nani ngokubanzi kubukho yonke into ekhoyo phezu komhlaba. Ngelo xesha, yonke imihla sibona moya eziphaphazelayo, Ukunyuka intaka, zibhabha phezulu zawa phantsi izinto yaye ayibonisi kwinto yokuba i parameter umoya lexinene imisela ubukho la.

Amaxesha amaninzi, iiholide echitha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, sithi ukuba ngaxa enye yaba umoya lifumile yaye kwelinye - eyomileyo. Kulo mzekelo, wongezelela ukuba kwimeko yokuqala, wena lula ukuhamba, ukuphefumla, yaye okwesibini wakubona ubungqongqo isindululo, zibe nobunzima, nto leyo engazange nayo xa uhleli kwindawo eqhelekileyo zemozulu kuwe. Ngeli xesha, silibale ukuba saxelelwa omnye utitshala xa efundisa esikolweni xa izifundo physics - emoyeni kufumile onokuxinana ngaphantsi umoya owomileyo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ubunzima layo lingaphantsi kwe kwanonxaniweyo.

Xa uqala, kubonakala ngamazwi ukuba uthathe ingqalelo thina okuvelayo zethu yovakalelo, ebekuthethwe ngazo ngasentla. Kodwa ngokwenene, njengoko umoya, ukuba igalelwe amanzi ngakumbi ngohlobo enkungwini, ibe lula ngakumbi amanzi aliqulathanga?

Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene kunjalo, kwaye impendulo koku, ngamazwi xa uqala, umbuzo, izazinzulu ziye eyaziwa ngokuba ixesha elide.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala hypothesis ukuba lexinene umoya ofumileyo lingaphantsi kunolo umoya owomileyo, wavakalisa omkhulu Isaak Nyuton kwincwadi "Optics 'yakhe edumileyo, eyapapashwa eLondon ngo-1717. Kunjalo, i eliNgesi hypothesis enkulu unako ukuphumelela Musa - de kweyeshumi elinesibhozo, izazinzulu musa nje ukukwamkela oko, kodwa musa ube nomdla okhethekileyo kweli phephancwadi.

Ubunokwazi ukuba basondele ukuqonda ingxaki - kutheni lexinene umoya kuxhomekeke ukufuma - kufuneka ukhumbule ezimbalwa imithetho yemvelo eyaziwayo.

Ngokomzekelo, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela Amedeo Avogadro yamachiza odumileyo Italian lufumanise ukuba kungakhathaliseki uhlobo igesi, ukuba uthathe umthamo esisigxina, ngoko ikwiqondo lobushushu efanayo kunye noxinzelelo enye, inani molecule e igesi uya kuba njalo. Eli xabiso, yaye kamva kwathiwa igama Avogadro rhoqo, njengoko wawubizwa, waza wafumanisa umthetho zegesi.

Njengoko lo mthetho kubonakala njengoko lexinene umoya kuxhomekeke lobushushu, uxinzelelo kwaye ukufuma na ukuba zingqinwe umzekelo kunokuba elula.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, uhlambulukile umoya owomileyo (ngengqiqo imichiza), iqulethe kumafa yayo malunga 78% ezi molekyuli-nitrogen, i-weight atom nganye kwezi molekyuli ngu 28. Le umoya Ukwakhiwa sele 21% eziphantsi mpilo, ubunzima atom apho iimolekyuli ilingana no 32 . Omnye ekhulwini njengenxalenye zezulu iwela nezinye iigesi, aba bakhoyo apha, kodwa ukubala zethu, eli nani ziya kuqwalaselwa zingabalulekanga.

zegesi abaziwa ukuba ipropati free lemka dami, apho igesi. Ngoko ke, Avogadro wasungula ulawulo ilandelayo: ukuba umthamo yethu igesi owomileyo eziqulathe, njengoko kuvunyelwene, ezo molekyuli zenitrogen neoksijini, ukongeza zinemoletyhule yamanzi, ngoko ke uya kwenza umoya wethu lingaphantsi ashinyeneyo. Isizathu kukuba ilula kakhulu - ezo molekyuli kwamanzi yimilinganiso atomic ezincinane ngaphezu koko-nitrogen lwalusanda yehayidrojini, nto ilingana no 18. Ukususela inani molecule e zibe ngumqulu elinikiweyo igesi ukuba rhoqo, ezo molekyuli amanzi nje behambe molecule nitrogen kunye oksijini emoyeni ukubunjwa, ngokubuyisela ezabo. Ngoko apha lendlela kunye lexinene kuba umoya ngaphantsi nokufuma kwe owomileyo.

Noko ke, kulo mzekelo, kukho yintswela. It sikuko into yokuba nawuphi na umntu avareji nokukhala, njani oku kungenzeka ukuba mninzi amanzi ephakamileyo umoya mninzi. Impendulo ilula kakhulu, akatshizwa ngamanzi ekhoyo emoyeni ngohlobo umphunga, nto leyo lula kwaye nitrogen neoksijini, nangenxa "amanzi" onjalo basasaze zonke iindlela eyenziwe brilliant Avogadro.

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba kuxhomekeke kakhulu emoyeni lexinene hi xi kunye lobushushu ngaphezu nokufuma. Ngokuba umoya ofumileyo onokuxinana ngaphantsi owomileyo kuphela lo gama kugcinwe lobushushu efanayo kunye noxinzelelo.