Amasebe yangaphandle carotid kwemithambo abantu

Umzimba womntu ukusuka entloko ukuya toe ke kwakugcwele imithambo yegazi. Avumela umzimba ukusebenza ngokwesiqhelo ukuba benze wonke umzimba izondlo neoksijini. Phakathi kwazo kukho iimpahla ezinjalo, nto leyo ingundoqo abantu.

carotid kwemithambo

Ngamnye kuthi ubuncinane kanye ebomini babo yonakele ethile ilungu lomzimba, ezifana umnwe bagawula kokuba iqale ukuba ivuze igazi. Misa ukopha ayikho nzima, ukususela sangqa isikepe omncinane kwaye pressure ephantsi. Ngaphezu koko, egazini oluntu zegazi, leyo ucingo cut, yaye emva kokuba imizuzu embalwa yena eyeka flow kwegazi.

Kodwa oku akusoloko kwenzeka: emzimbeni womntu, kukho iimpahla ezingafaniyo, yaye ububanzi elikhulu, yaye ingcinezelo yegazi enambuzelayo ngabo. Kaninzi zezona zibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu umonakalo kwabo nokungabi ukhathalelo kungakhokelela kwilahleko okukhulu kwegazi. Enye yezi kwemithambo carotid.

Eli igazi nesithandwa Umthambo ukuba iqala esifubeni neefolokhwe, isihloko kwicala entloko. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wayo ophambili ingaqatshelwa kwegazi ingqondo, amehlo kunye nezinye iinxalenye entlokweni yomntu.

Iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga isakhiwo kwemithambo carotid kunye nemisebenzi yayo

Carotid Umthambo has amasebe amabini: ngasekunene nangasekhohlo. Eyokuqala esuka egxalabeni umphanda. Kwemithambo ngasekhohlo, yena, uqala kwindawo Arch aortic. Ngenxa ezi mpawu yokwakheka kwemithambo lasekhohlo isibini ngeesentimitha eziyi-ngaphezu ekunene. Ngoko isiwe nkqo phezulu, izithuthi entanyeni, kunye namasebe ngakumbi ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo entloko.

Eyona umsebenzi kwemithambo - ubonelelo igazi engqondweni. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa isitya akanalo nezahlukahlukeneyo izifo kunye ezimbi, kuba uthintela nokuhamba kwegazi eqhelekileyo. Xa kukho ukuvaleka kwemithambo, umntu kungenzeka ukuba kufuneka uqhaqho.

carotid kwemithambo lwangaphandle

Olu hlobo Umthambo yenye iinkalo eziphambili lo buti oqhelekileyo kwemithambo carotid. Iqala ukusuka umthambo olunye, kwinqanaba ubuthongo unxantathu, njengelinye lamalungu ayo. Okokuqala, udlula ngenjongo kwemithambo eliphakathi ibekwe ngaphakathi, ngoko kakhulu yokuxazulula ngokubhekiselele ezakhe.

Ekuqaleni, lo umthambo ligutyungelwe imisipha, kwaye xa siqwalasela indawo yayo kwindawo sleepy kanxantathu, ngoko inokubonakalisa phantsi esihlunwini ongama ibekwe apha entanyeni. Kule kwemithambo ayipheli, yenzeka iyantlukwano. Kulo mandible, malunga kwinqanaba entanyeni, kukho isebe yokuqala lwangaphandle carotid kwemithambo. Bona zimelwe kwemithambo maxillary ezingekhoyo temporal. Ngapha koko, zikhona ezinye amasebe lwangaphandle carotid kwemithambo, bona diverge kumacala ahlukeneyo kule ndlela eyahlukeneyo. phambi Ngoko ke, kukho azichazwanga, isebe oluphakathi kunye asemva lwangaphandle carotid kwemithambo. Ngamnye kubo linoxanduva lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo iinxalenye ezithile omzimba womntu, ndibabonelela izakhi kunye neoksijini.

iqela phambi

Kuyinto le ndawo emalunga yangaphandle carotid kwemithambo isebe le bhafu, ubandakanya iimpahla amahle iyamangalisa. Le peculiarity eli qela kukuba ivumela igazi ukugeleza amalungu elime kule ngingqi kobuso nomqala. Ngoko ke, ukusuka kumsebenzi wabo oqhelekileyo kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni womqala, ubuso, ulwimi, lengqula ndlala. Of isikhephe iyonke predstavlyayayuschego kwisebe zangaphandle carotid kwemithambo, isitya ezinkulu imka ezintathu, ngokwanelisayo esikhulu ubukhulu. Kwakhona kukho enye division ngakumbi ezityeni ezincinane, iyantlukwano loo ivumela ukuhambisa igazi kuzo zonke iinxalenye eziyimfuneko umzimba.

Amasebe Iqela ngaphambili lwangaphandle carotid kwemithambo iquka inqanawa ezintathu eziphambili, ngalinye umsebenzi othile kunye nendawo.

Superior ndlala kwemithambo

selithe kwenzeka ezimpondweni kwinqanaba ekuqaleni ithambo hyoid. Eli lungiselelo ivumela ikwayile umthambo izinto igazi esinobubovu lengqula kwaye, kakade, parathyroid. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba lo kwemithambo, igazi liya kwingqula, edlula phezulu kwemithambo kwingingqi izihlunu mastoid.

Emva koko, yena, njengezininzi iimpahla emzimbeni womntu wahlulelene kwakhona. Kwaye ndlala kwemithambo eliphezulu kuvela isebe sublingual kunye cricothyroid. Omnye wabo, ezizezi sublingual, iba iimpahla eziphambili ingenisa izihlunu elilandelayo, yaye amathambo hyoid.

Njengoko angawamasebe cricothyroid, lwenza igazi ukugeleza esihlunwini bazo. Emva koko kukho unxulumano nayo njengesitya yakhe kwelinye icala.

Umthambo engaphandle laryngeal ikuvumela ukuba ukuhambisa igazi ukuya epiglottis kunye kwingqula. Nalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukutyebisa la maqumrhu ioksijini inwebu, kwaye ibekwe ngeenxa kwezihlunu.

umthambo ulwimi

Le isitya njengoko engaphambili, isisahlulo amasebe lwangaphandle carotid kwemithambo, isebe kwenzeka nje ngentla elinye nezitsha, ingakumbi ndlala. Oku kwenzeka amathambo hyoid, kwaye ke ihamba yaye ngokuthe ngcembe oza kummandla kanxantathu Pirogov. Emva koko Umthambo ulwimi sibhekiswe kwinqanaba apho got igama layo, oko kukuthi, ukuya ulwimi, ibe imi emazantsi. Nakubeni. xa kuthelekiswa nezinye imithambo, ulwimi uthathwa ukuba ungabi imikhulu kangaka nje, buye iimpahla ezincinane.

Umzekelo, Umthambo neenzulu ulwimi ikhangeleka ngathi inkulu ulwimi kwemithambo yesebe. indawo yayo kakhulu umdla: kuqala, wakowayo kwaye uza ekuthiwa isiseko ulwimi. Ke uqhubekela ecaleni kuyo kwaye uza incam. Le nqanawa ke ingqongwe izihlunu ezininzi, ingakumbi, i-zeelwimi nolusezantsi longitudinal.

Ukongeza, apho isebe suprahyoid, umsebenzi yayo ephambili unikezelo igazi ukuya ithambo hyoid. Ngako oko, ukuba kubekwe esesiphelweni eliphezulu ithambo. Umthambo Sublingual ise kummandla izihlunu hyoid, ngqo ngaphezu kwayo. iimpawu zayo ezisebenzayo na vascularity lo umlomo, ngenxa mpilo inikezelwa onke amacandelo kwisisu ngomlomo yabantu. Eli nani liquka isifo ngomlomo, nobubovu amathe, kunye iintsini, bahlwise. Amasebe amaphiko abe kwindawo abayinqobo, ukuze ubuke nabo kwenye zezihlunu, kulo mzekelo, lo hyoid.

kwemithambo ebusweni

Olu hlobo umgqomo branched kwi umhlathi kwikona esezantsi uze uhamba esinobubovu zibekwe kufutshane, ngamanye submandibular. Le isikepe hayi nto ebizwa kwemithambo yobuso, ngenxa yokuba, ukususela entanyeni, ukuba uhamba kwingingqi kwemihlathi asezantsi, ngokuthe ngcembe ezinambuzelayo kwindawo ebusweni. Emva koko uye phambili uze uye phezulu. Iincam iimpahla iphelela iimbombo emlonyeni, kunye nezinye isebe ifikelela liliso. Ukongeza, kwemithambo ngokwalo kuquka iimpahla ezongezelelweyo, ngokulandelelana, kukho amanye amasebe.

Nangona amasebe ikakhulu zangaphandle carotid kwemithambo entanyeni, imithambo amancinane kwiqela ibekwe ubuso kunye umlomo inxalenye yabantu. isebe Mindalikovaya uya idlala iPalatine kunye eyayizalwa na esibhakabhakeni. Kwakhona Uya isiseko ulwimi, ukuya kufikelela eludongeni kwisisu ngomlomo woMntu.

Ngokumalunga kwemithambo iPalatine, indawo yayo - ngqo kwi kanye isisekelo kwemithambo yobuso, eyinxenye ye yeqela ekuthiwa amasebe Icipande zangaphandle carotid kwemithambo. Igcina liphuma Umthambo iPalatine kummandla womqala, ingakumbi, isifo kwaye, ngaphezu koko, le idlala palatal. Isebe lokugqibela kwakhona ukufikelela imibhobho elijongene ukuva eqhelekileyo.

Umthambo Submental uhamba esihlunwini hyoid, ukuba zicaciswe ngakumbi ncam, ngenxa kumphezulu engaphandle kwalo izihlunu. Isiphelo isitya ihamba kwindawo isilevu kwaye ezinye izihlunu nentamo.

Iqela diff

Isebe emva zangaphandle carotid kwemithambo, kanye njengoko engaphambili, abe neempahla zayo sebe. Mkani indlebe yakhe, kwaye kule ndawo lisukela emva kwemithambo Occipital. Ngoncedo flow igazi labo kwenzeka ngaphakathi inxalenye ebonakalayo indlebe. Ukongeza, ngenxa yegazi data kubonelela igazi kwizihlunu entanyeni, esemva entanyeni, kwaye ijelo elo luvo yobuso. A isici esasenza eli sebe - ukuba uyakwazi ukungena kwi- inwebu ebuchotsheni.

kwemithambo Occipital

Isuka yedwa, iphantse ibe phezulu nje ngaphambili. indawo yayo - kummandla esihlunwini digastric phantsi kwawo, ngoko kukho intshukumo kwi emseleni kufuphi etempileni. Okulandelayo, indlela ethubeleza phantsi kwesikhumba, apho kwaye kusebenze emva entloko, kwaye eyayizalwa kwenzeka sangaphandle lommandla Occipital.

Emva kokuba yonke indlela, ukuba udityanisiwe kwi namasebe efanayo ezivela phesheya esitratweni. Yenza unxibelelwano kunye namanye amasebe, ezinye izitya kwikholam spinal.

Kwemithambo Occipital liyacandeka ezityeni eziliqela ezincinane ngokulandelelana kubonakala indlebe, kwehlisa, isebe mastoid. Eyokuqala uyalwa ngqo ukuya ebonakalayo ngaphakathi indlebe yabantu idlule, kuba omnye kunye namanye amasebe ngomva kwemithambo auricular. Phantsi ufikelela kwiimbombo kakhulu efihliweyo, ngokuba kukho kwindawo entanyeni, nto leyo ifumaneka kwelinye icala. Ngokumalunga mastoid, kuxhomekeke kule inwebu ingqondo yomntu, e iindlela ezifanelekileyo ezikhoyo apho.

Ngomva kwemithambo auricular

Amasebe zangaphandle nezangaphakathi imithambo carotid zidlala indima ebalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu, kwakunye namasebe awo incinane. Umzekelo, isikhongozeli ngqo obliquely ngasemva, iya ukusuka digastric, ngakumbi udlulisela le: hide kusukwa ngasemva esiswini. Kwakhona yahlulwe amasebe amathathu ezincinane. Enye yezi imikhumbi kuya kuba isebe Occipital.

indawo yayo elivumelana isiseko inkqubo mastoid, ivumela igazi ukugeleza eluswini, leyo ekummandla Occipital. Indlebe, isebe kwavula indlela yabo ngokusebenzisa emva indlebe kule ndawo kwaye ivumela igazi ukunika iinxalenye obubonakalayo embindini indlebe zabantu. Umthambo Stylomastoid kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo: ivela emsebenzini wayo eqhelekileyo ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala le luvo yobuso, ngenxa yokuba phezulu kuye ubengena negazi, indawo kwenxalenye ehambelana nendawo ithambo zexeshana.

Iqela eliphakathi

amasebe iqela Umyinge yoVandlakanyo carotid kwemithambo uye amasebe ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Enyanisweni, eli qela iquka Umthambo mnye, ngoko leyo ihlukane inani leenqanawa ezincinci, kodwa ukubaluleka kwalo oku bunciphe.

Isebe medial yoVandlakanyo carotid kwemithambo ziquka kwayo Umthambo ubulungu elinyukayo pharyngeal kunye nezinye imithambo yegazi, ezenza kube lula ukuba zithumele izondlo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - ioksijini, izihlunu ukuba ibekwe phezu kobuso, oko kukuthi, kunkcenkceshela imilebe, izidlele, etc ...

Ukunyuka pharyngeal kwemithambo

Emva Umthambo layo isebe olu lwalathiso kwicala pharynx kwaye udlula phezu eludongeni lwayo. Eyayizalwa ezantsi enqanaweni kwenzeka, ukuze kwemithambo diff meningeal libheke igubu kunye kubonakala igubu canaliculus, ukuba ibekwe kwenye nemingxuma yayo; kulo mzekelo emazantsi.

amasebe esibulalayo

amasebe ukuphela kwe yangaphandle carotid kwemithambo - eli nani elincinane imithambo yegazi eziyinxalenye kwemithambo carotid. Le yesebe imithambo ezimbini, ezizezi maxillary kunye nomphezulu-temporal. Ahluke ngobukhulu, kunye nezinye izitya, lemka kuyo, kwenza ukuba kungenzeka ukuba afeze igazi kwiindawo ezikude omzimba.

kwemithambo phezulu temporal

Le nqanawa ke nokuqhubekeka lwangaphandle carotid kwemithambo. indima yayo elivumelana kumphezulu obubonakalayo kwinxalenye engaphakathi indlebe, ezizezi udonga ngaphambili, kwemithambo ibekwe ngaphantsi kwesikhumba. Movement iya phezulu kwaye kongomisiwaka eka intsimi itempile. Ukuba ufuna ukuvavanya i yama- zibonisa isebe le yangaphandle carotid kwemithambo kule ndawo. Apha ungachaza ukumbetha yokumpompoza kwegazi ilula.

Ngoko kukho division enye: kukho Parietal kunye umthambo ngokungqalileyo. Oku kwenzeka phezu kwephundu kwinqanaba iliso, nto leyo imi kufutshane kummandla zexeshana. Ezi imithambo igazi ebunzi, isithsaba, epicranius.

amasebe ukuphela kwe yangaphandle carotid kwemithambo ziquka kumafa yayo inqanawa ngaphezulu, nto leyo ithi yahlulwe ezintlanu ezincinane. Enye yazo kwemithambo yobuso enqamlezileyo. Eli igazi ise esinobubovu parotid, flow yayo. Emva koko siya nemihlathi kwaye ibekwe esikhumbeni. Iimpahla ngokuxhomekeke kummandla infraorbital wandise ukuya uhlobo olunye esiqwini imisipha - a nezimpawu.

Skuloglaznichnaya ivumela igazi kwemali ukuba izihlunu ezithile iliso, acandacanda arch encinane zygomatic. Indlebe ngaphambili endlebeni khona, oko kukuthi kumphezulu wayo obubonakalayo ingxenye engaphakathi odale i avareji kwimithambo zexeshana kunye namasebe ise indlala ibekwe apha.

Umthambo Maxillary ayikho buti omnye kakhulu Wababela ezinye iimpahla; kulo mzekelo, ukuchonga amasebe eziliqela, omnye lowo - emhlathini. Oko ke kuquka imitha iimpahla ezincinane, ezifana indlebe kwemithambo nzulu. Kukho kwakhona umthambo enkulu kangangoko ekuthiwa alveolar ophantsi. Iimpahla densest phakathi kweli qela - meningalny medium akhiwe ngayo ingaphandle ebuchotsheni.

isiphelo

Le nkcazelo ingasentla ibonisa ukuba yangaphandle carotid umthambo. Sendawo isebe iyahlula libe ngamaqela 4. Bonke kubalulekile ukuba umntu, ukusilela omnye wabo nga asichaphazeli kuphela iingxaki kwiindawo ezithile apha emzimbeni, kodwa yonke eziphilayo. Indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa iimpahla ezincinane kusuka kwisebe ngalinye, kuba kuvumela kummandla igazi iliso, esidleleni, isilevu, iindawo ezahlukeneyo entloko, eyayiqhutyelwa zezihlunu, kwaye zibekwe kufutshane epithelium.