Bone nomongo kulapho? Bone nomongo: umsebenzi, isakhiwo

Enye esikule ibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu igazi. Lunoxanduva ukuba ioksijini, oko kukuthi, amandla zonke iiseli, amalungu kunye neenkqubo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ngexesha makasizalise noninzi lwezinto iiseli eyenza igazi (erythrocytes, iiplatelets, leukocytes).

Impilo yayo nganye yezi seli lincinane kakhulu kwaye isusela ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-5 (leukocytes) ukuya kwiintsuku 100 (erythrocytes). Oku kuquka imfuneko rhoqo self-nokuhlaziywa kwegazi. Xa umzimba kukho amalungu ukuba nje lo msebenzi kwaye enze.

igazi-ngokwakha amaziko oluntu

Phakathi izakhiwo eziphambili lomzimba, ezisetyenziswa ukuyilwa ezintsha iiseli zegazi ezi lomongo wethambo ebomvu kunye udakada. Inkqubo emithanjeni kwakhona enye yala maqela apho umongo uyasebenza. Uphi na lo gunya nokuba imela, kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Indawo lomongo wethambo emzimbeni

Le kwasendaweni ngayo amalungu omzimba, ukwakha iiseli igazi, ingongoma ngokwaneleyo. Isibakala sokuba amalungu eziphambili hematopoiesis - lomongo wethambo ebomvu kunye udakada - azikho twatse xa ukusebenza kwazo. Ngoko ke, yona lomongo wethambo yi esithatha ebalulekileyo kulo mbandela, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu kwindawo yayo, inombolo kunye nokusebenza oqhelekileyo wonke umzimba womntu.

Iindawo eziphambili lomongo wethambo kwasendaweni nilithambo nje, kodwa hayi zonke, njengoko ebomvu lomongo wethambo iqulethe inxalenye kuphela ithambo, kunye nezinye - mthubi.

Uphuhliso nesakhiwo

Zonke inkalo ekubunjweni umongo wethambo ebantwini lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Bone nomongo sisiba kwaye yaphuhliswa ukususela ekuqaleni lokusekwa osandul bemveku.
2. Eqongeni umbungu uze nombungu ndikubumbile, kwakunye emva kokuzalwa, phakathi kwiminyaka embalwa onke amathambo yomzimba zezona abavelisi (abenzi) ziiseli zegazi lymphocyte, oko kukuthi, zonke iintlobo lomongo wethambo ebomvu, apho uninzi iiseli abaselula undifferentiated.
3. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, indawo yayo ithathwe mthubi, eliquka zonke amathambo ezinkulu nezincinane tubular umzimba.

Ngoko ke, kucacile ukuba lomongo wethambo unokuba iifom ezimbini: bomvu ebengezelayo.

Iimpawu wamathambo yellow

Kuyinto bulubhelu iiseli kwakhiwa fat-ezifana bokukhobokisa izihlunu umzimba lipoid. Akukho nxalenye abahlele egazini okanye ukuyilwa kwezakhiwo cellular okukwazi ababamkeli. Xa indlela yobomi ithatha indawo nomongo ebomvu emathanjeni ezininzi, ukwaluphala iba lokufaka diaphysis ephambili amathambo elide. Umxholo iyonke Ubunzima umzimba malunga 2.5-3 kg. Oku isiqingatha sobunzima umongo wethambo. Eyona iphambili - ukuba amandla kwaye enika amathambo luthambe. Ukongeza, yomenzakalo ezinkulu unxinzelelo nomongo etyheli kungenziwa okwethutyana indawo enkulu ebomvu ukubuyisela umsebenzi eqhelekileyo nokuhamba kwegazi.

Indlela emayenziwe ngayo umongo wethambo

Icandelo engundoqo inxenye ubunzima elikhulu iiseli undifferentiated kunye ezizodwa ebizwa esiqwini. Oku kwenza enjengesakhiwo eyodwa kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ubomi babantu. isakhiwo wamathambo iquka zomzimba ezimbini ezinkulu: reticular (stroma) kunye hematopoietic.

Eli laphu apho zonke izinto ukusekwa ubume lwangaphakathi nomongo ebomvu, ebizwa ngokuba stroma reticular. Ugcwalisa yonke ngaphakathi amathambo kwaye siqulathe iziqalelo ezilandelayo:

• inani elikhulu imithambo yegazi, emnika guquki semifluid kunye ebomvu;
• iiseli fibroblast (abavelisi fibrin kunye lwefibrinogen)
• iiseli endothelial.

Kunye ke reticular esikule kwi umongo oqulethe izinto hematopoietic - stem cell. Bona ngexesha iyantlukwano ifomu ezikhethiweyo erythrocytes, lymphocyte, neeplatelets kunye nezinye kumalungu igazi nkovu.

Ngenxa yoko, emzimbeni kukho iindawo ezininzi umongo wethambo, apho engundoqo hematopoietic inyama - iintlobo ebomvu zenkqunto ebuchotsheni.

1. Epifazy amathambo elifutshane elide.
2. Diaphysis of osteons tubular.
3. amathambo Flat.
4. Omqolo.

Oku zalapha - iqhelekile umntu omdala.

Iiseli ze wamathambo

inyama Hematopoietic iqulethe ezininzi cell stem ubume kunye nesakhiwo efana intsholongwane osandul. Ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu, kuba zonke ezinye iiseli zomzimba (kwaye kukho amawaka ezigidi) kukho ezizodwa kakhulu kwaye akanakuze indawo ezinye iiseli zomzimba okanye perespetsializirovatsya. Kodwa ungakwazi ashukunyiswe. Ngoko ke, ukuba isiseko, ezinokukhokelela ekuchithekeni zonke corpuscles igazi kunye nezakhiwo zenkqubo emithanjeni.

iiseli Bone nomongo zenze iintsholongwane ezintlanu hematopoiesis, ngamnye enika kubekho into ethile.

1. Erythrocyte hlumela eliveza iiseli ezibomvu - iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, enze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo zothutho umoya ezithweni kunye namalaphu.
2. Granulocyte yakha iiseli intsholongwane, eosinophils, neutrophils kunye basophils, ezo ezibalulekileyo izakhiwo ephilayo sifo, kwaye ziquka iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
3. ihlume Lymphocytic bangela ukuba lymphocyte - isiseko sale nkqubo emithanjeni.
4. Monocyte Iifomu lwegciwane monocytes - izinto umzimba ezimise.
5. ihlume Megakaryocytic simenza ubomi zegazi - enye iiseli engundoqo elijongene amahlwili.

Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi lomongo wethambo iya kuxhomekeka ezizezi kubume yeseli, umbane yayo. Ezi zonke izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo. Yokuduka ubuncinane omnye uhlobo lweziqalelo kukhokelela ngezifo ezinkulu efuna umnikelo kweeseli nomongo stem.

lomongo wethambo

Isakhiwo ezizodwa kunye nokuqeshwa njengesakhi yangaphakathi amathambo caba ebangela ukuba okukhulu eziphilayo. Xa oku sinako ukuchonga iindawo ezininzi apho imisebenzi lomongo wethambo. umsebenzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo yayo:

1. Kuyinto umthengisi esiqhubekayo entsha, iiseli fresh igazi, ekufuneka kuhlaziywa ngamnye ngosuku (iiseli ezibomvu uhlala yangathi yimini, ngoko yonke imihla, izigidi kufa kwezi ziseko, kwaye kufuneka kufakwe ezintsha).
2. Ndiyila a oluntsonkothileyo izakhiwo, ekunqandeni yonke into amazwe kunye namaqumrhu njengokuba ilungu lomzimba, oko amajoni omzimba.
3. Ezilawula yakhe cellular bambulale engafunwayo (umz, ithumba).
4. Ngokunciphisa ubuninzi self-ukutshatyalaliswa iiseli ngaphakathi emzimbeni, enokubangelwa ziinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ezibaluleke kakhulu iingenelo umongo wethambo. Uphi na esinye isakhiwo ukuba enze imisebenzi enjalo ebalulekileyo? Ndawo. Analogue emzimbeni womntu akukho ngakumbi. Ikwanika ukubaluleka ezizodwa nezinto ezahlukileyo wethambo ebomvu ngobuchopho bomntu.

spleen

Ekuqaleni Sathi sakuchaza ukuba kuphela umongo kubalulekile ekumisweni igazi. Ewe, ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza ubunzima elikhulu zaso kunye umahluko iiseli stem ezenziwa kuye kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izigqeba hematopoietic ezisinceda ngayo umsebenzi umongo wethambo. Chief phakathi kwabo - le udakada. Cinga mpawu zalo ziphambili:

• It umzimba yokothula erythrocytic, ukuba kuyimfuneko (krovepoteri ezinkulu, kwentlungu, njalo njalo), ikhala isixa esithile kwezi iiseli ezinobunzima Blutwurst lulonke.
• Udakada - abalindi, icebo lokucoca ulwelo, ngalo iinginginya igazi. It neutralizes akubikho amasuntswana amazwe ukunyibilika iiseli abafileyo. Oku - nesicoci sele emzimbeni wethu.
• Forms monocytes - Isakhiwo inyama yentliziyo.

Spleen ngokwayo lincinane kubukhulu nobunzima malunga 150 grams. Ofumaneka ngaphezu kwe-isisu, nje ukuya ngasekhohlo kwayo.

abohlukeneyo

Ngelishwa, ubomi unika umntu iingxaki ezinjalo, lahla kudala leyo azinakwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, phambi kokuba 1968 yayijongwa umhlaza igazi esinganyangekiyo. Kunjalo izifo ezifana kwegazi aplastic, lymphoma, izifo lomongo wethambo. Kule meko, iyeza sele ufumene indlela kuphela phandle - esinye umongo wethambo. Inkqubo usemncinci kakhulu, kunzima ngenxa uvavanyo lwefuthe engaphelelanga kwaye akukho kodwa akusoloko uneventful. Kodwa ngonyaka ngamnye, imisebenzi enjalo baye besiba baninzi ngakumbi kwaye zilula kuyilo.

Bone lomongo abohlukeneyo unokuba kweentlobo ezintathu:

1. Ngoko nangoko into bone.
2. stem cell.
3. ulwelo intambo (igazi).

Ukhetho lwe kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe sifo. Namhlanje, bonke ezintathu iintlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Eyona ngxaki bajongene ziingcali - ingqokelela abanikelayo for ukusebenza. Kukho inani lwezibonisi apho kufuneka ezifanelekileyo lokususa yimpumelelo kuye, nangenxa kumamkeli.

Ukukhethwa abanikele

Ukuze ufumane mali efanelekileyo abohlukeneyo gomeopoeticheskih izakhiwo ekunokuthi kusekelwe phezu kweemeko ezininzi:

• Iqela igazi lomntu (hayi kubalulekile, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu);
• izifo yokungabikho kwabantu enzima okanye engapheliyo, kunye nezifo ezosulelayo;
• ukungabikho befikelwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nezifo njengelifa.

Amaninzi abagqatswa ebalaseleyo mnikelo abantu bomthonyama: noodade, bazalwana, abantwana okanye abazali. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, le ukuhambelana izicwili aqinisekisiwe waphawula kuphela ngo-25 ekhulwini amatyala. Kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa umthombo ifanelekileyo, nto leyo eza kunika lomongo wethambo esempilweni (ifoto nto ikhangeleka njani, ungabona kweli nqaku). Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujonga kubaxhasi phakathi abasemzini. Abantu abanjalo kuba abameli bazo zonke izizwe, iintlanga namazwe.

Iintlobo wamathambo abohlukeneyo

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

• abohlukeneyo autologous - xa zithathwe iiseli baphuma isigulana kwangaphambili kwaye itshixiwe kwiimeko ezithile phambi utyando;
• ukufakelwa allogeneic - umbandela buyasuswa exhasanayo, kanti zonke efanelekileyo ukuba iimeko zabantu, kuquka izalamane.

Ngokutsho base yangoku data kobunkokheli kwehlabathi onikelayo eJamani nase-United States. ERashiya, abanikeli embalwa kakhulu, izigulane zethu ukuze zilinywe iiseli stem bezinye iintlanga.