Arrhythmia kwentliziyo: Oonobangela, Iimpawu, Treatment

arrhythmia wentliziyo (okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo kakubi) sisifo kwenkqubo sentliziyo, esibonakala nawuphi arrhythmias inhliziyo. Simo ezinxulumene notshintsho njalo, rhoqo nolandelelwano izinga lentliziyo, izinga intliziyo inokuba rhoqo kakhulu okanye (uphuhliso tachycardia) okanye olucothayo kakhulu (bradycardia). Ezinye arrhythmias amatyala kungakhokhelela zokuma. Arrhythmias zisenokuvela nanini na ubudala, emagumbini aphezulu kunye esezantsi intliziyo, imithambo kunye ventricles, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Ezinye iintlobo zezifo ngenkankulu buqapheleke, ngoxa abanye ephawuleka ngakumbi yaye ziyabulala. arrhythmia wentliziyo njengenye yezinto ezingunobangela eqhelekileyo ukufa.

Indlela oluqhelekileyo intliziyo rhythm

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na arrhythmia, izizathu ukubonakala kwaso, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela efanayo kwenzekayo contractility engabalulekanga. Indlela kwentliziyo isingqi inkqubo Uhanjiso kwentliziyo eqhelekileyo inikezelwa, nto leyo Sisihloko iiseli ezizodwa kakhulu. Ezi seli ukudala ngamaza ombane iwathwale kwimicu ezizodwa, nto leyo ekhokelela imisipha intliziyo. Nangona amandla node nganye kwinkqubo ukwenza amaza imisipha intliziyo, ingongoma ephambili apha esiludumbo sinus, esimisela isingqisho oyifunayo. Le ingabekwa phezulu kwe intendelezo ekunene. Eyenziwe amaza sinus node, ngathi imitha kwelanga, usolule kulo kuwo onke amacala. Ezinye pulses are "ityala" zokunciphisa okanye excitation na imithambo, ngoxa abanye igalelo unciphiso bazekelele ixesha intendelezo ukuthumela nebhetshi elandelayo igazi kungena ventricles. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba isingqisho eqhelekileyo intliziyo. amalungelo yayo ibe ngenxa yeengxaki ezimbini:

- Inkqubo Ukwakheka ukubetha ukuphazamiseka;

- yaphula pulses efunyenwe kwinkqubo intliziyo.

Xa iingxaki ezinjalo ukuba esiludumbo elilandelayo kwisekethe ithatha "ityala" lokubhiyozela ukusebenza izinga lentliziyo, kodwa unciphisa nezihlandlo kwesibeleko. Ngaloo kuphuhlisa arrhythmia, izizathu apho kuxoxwa kamva.

iintlobo arrhythmia

Oogqirha bathi arrhythmias, ngokuxhomekeke kungekuphela iindawo apho zenzeka (imithambo okanye ventricles), kodwa kwakhona kwi izinga intliziyo. Fast yomntanakhe ne izinga lentliziyo (HR) mkhulu kuno 100 ibetha ngomzuzu kuthiwa tachycardia kunye ukubetha kade kunye nezinga intliziyo engaphantsi kwe-60 ibetha ngomzuzu - bradycardia. Izinto ezibangela arrhythmias kwentliziyo ixhomekeke ngqo kuhlobo sifo.

Akusoloko tachycardia okanye bradycardia kuthetha isifo sentliziyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa umthambo ukubetha nkqi kuthathwa lo mmiselo, njengoko ukwanda izinga entliziyweni ivumela ioksijini kwinyama zomzimba. Ngexesha ebuthongweni okanye nokuphumla emoyeni iyangongoza, badla ingacota kunendlela.

Ukuba tachycardia lwenzeka kwi imithambo, ngoko umthetho zihlelwe ngolu hlobo:

- fibrillation Atrial - a nentliziyo okukhawulezayo, okubangelwa ngamaza ombane umbhodamo kwi imithambo. Ezi iimpawu kungakhokelela okukhawulezayo, ukuncitshiswa unganxibelelananga apha okanye uyiqobisile intliziyo kwezihlunu. Izinto ezibangela fibrillation atrial intliziyo yile convulsive umsebenzi ventricular ingalawuleki leyo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwisiqalo nezinye izifo sentliziyo. Le mba we fibrillation atrial kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, ezifana icala.

- enomoya Atrial - efanayo fibrillation atrial, amaza kagesi ngaxeshanye eziququzelelwe kakhulu kwaye ezinesingqi ngaphezu fibrillation. enomoya Atrial kukhokelela ekubeni isenzeko zestrowuku.

- tachycardia Supraventricular okanye tachycardia supraventricular, esiquka ezininzi iintlobo arrhythmias evela ngaphezu ventricles.

Tachycardias avela kwi ventricles bohlulwa kule iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela zilandelayo:

- Ventricular Tachycardia - imele zisaphila fast rhoqo iimpawu zombane engaqhelekanga ukuya ventricles. Oku kuthintela ukugcwaliswa olupheleleyo ventricles kwaye uthintele igazi pump ngokufanelekileyo.

- Ventricular fibrillation - oku arrhythmia, oonobangela apho ulalelwe zokumpompa kakuhle igazi ngenxa shake ventricular. Le yingxaki entle kakhulu ukuba kaninzi kuphelela ekufeni ukuba intliziyo akakwazi ukubuyisela isingqisho eqhelekileyo phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa. Abantu abaninzi abanengxaki ventricular fibrillation, okanye isifo sentliziyo kakhulu okanye baye umothuko esinzulu, ezifana logwayimbo njengombane.

Akusoloko ireyithi intliziyo ophantsi uthetha ukuba umntu iphuhlise bradycardia. Ukuba kwimilo kakuhle emzimbeni, intliziyo ikwazi ukumpompa igazi eyaneleyo 60 ibetha ngomzuzu ukuphumla. Ngaba ukunciphisa izinga lentliziyo kunye namayeza ezithile. Kodwa ke, ukuba unalo kade izinga lentliziyo, yaye intliziyo yakho ukuba zokumpompa igazi ngokwaneleyo, usenokuba ube ngomnye iintlobo bradycardia.

- sinus arrhythmia, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubuthathaka ebangelwe esiludumbo sinus.

- ukuvimba excitation neemvakalelo zombane phakathi imithambo kunye ventricles. Kulo mzekelo, isigulane banokuziva ibetha Idlule kwemisipha kwentliziyo.

- nokuncipha ngaphambi kwexesha wentliziyo - le ventricles kwenzeka phakathi ibetha ezimbini eqhelekileyo.

Izinto ezibangela arrhythmias inhliziyo

Umntu luya phantse angaze baneengxaki ezifanayo. Xa arrhythmia kwentliziyo, izizathu ezibangela izinto zayo ezahlukeneyo esibi ngenxa umzimba. Kusenokuba utshintsho imisipha yenhliziyo, isifo sentliziyo, electrolyte ukungalingani egazini, ukwenzakala emva ndamelwa yintliziyo, inkqubo impiliso emva uqhaqho lwemiphunga yentliziyo kunye nabanye. Ireyithi ukubetha kwakhona ezinxulumene ne nexhala, umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni, ulawulo iziyobisi.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba xa umntu arrhythmia, ebangela kunye nonyango sifo kudidi ngalunye yobudala izigulane ziya kwahluka. Xa abantwana, umzekelo, isifo kwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko ezithile abadala - kwezinye. Kuba isifo ezifana arrhythmia kwentliziyo, oonobangela bungabonakala kuluhlu:

- ukunyhashwa loo monakalo kunye nentliziyo izivingco (endocarditis, myocarditis, samathambo).

- Disorders ze ingaba lengqula.

- izinto zofuzo.

- emzimbeni kunye nokunqongophala potassium emzimbeni okanye ezinye electrolytes.

- umonakalo entliziyweni ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo.

- Inkqubo yokuphilisa emva kotyando intliziyo.

Umngcipheko ukunyuka sifo kunye ukutshaya, ntshikilelo, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo caffeine okanye utywala, ubudala, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, isifo sezintso, kunye nabanye.

arrhythmia wentliziyo kubantwana

Ebantwaneni, esi sifo zihlelwe ngokungqinelana naloo ndawo ukuphazamiseka transmission, ie kwi ventricles okanye imithambo. Ukuba arrhythmia ebantwaneni, ebangela ukuba kufuneka sikhangele ngenyameko ukwandisa amathuba komntwana achache. Abantwana arrhythmias atrial ziquka iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho zilandelayo:

- nokuncipha kwesikhumba atrial;

- tachycardia supraventricular;

- fibrillation atrial;

- enomoya atrial;

- tachycardia esiswini;

- Wolff-Parkinson-White (imeko apho ubume yombane inokuba kakhulu zigaleleka kungena ventricle).

Ventricular izifo izinga intliziyo ebantwaneni ziquka:

- izishunqulelo ventricular mveku (kusasa okanye extra yomntanakhe);

- ventricular tachycardia (a imeko ubomi emngciphekweni apho imiqondiso yombane zifunyanwa ventricles lwabo rate bume);

- ventricular fibrillation (irregular, uVuyo ayengalungelelananga).

Zezigulo zabantwana luphawulwa bradycardia ilandelayo:

- sinus node kwekhono (arrhythmias kwentliziyo ebantwaneni, ngenxa ebangela isingqisho olucothayo of izishunqulelo inhliziyo);

- block intliziyo (ibhloko epheleleyo okanye kulibazisa ngogesi ukusuka esiludumbo sinoatrial ukuya ventricles).

Iimpawu arrhythmias kuxhomekeke bokudlala umntwana. Abantwana abadala onokumxelela ngayo zizizwe enomoya Uyagula okanye ukukhanya kwentliziyo. Xa iintsana okanye nabaqingqayo ziphawulwe nochuku, isikhumba lipholi, ukungabi namdla. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo arrhythmias ziquka:

- ubuthathaka, nokudinwa;

- ukubetha kwentliziyo kakubi kunye ukubetha;

- nesiyezi, niphele okanye urhulumente presyncopal ;

- iba isikhumba;

- iintlungu esifubeni;

- ukuphelelwa umoya, ukubila;

- ukungabi namdla;

- ucaphuka.

Ukuba ebuntwaneni phambili arrhythmia kwentliziyo, izizathu sifo zibangelwa ezi zinto zilandelayo :, ngokuthatha amayeza athile, ifiva, usulelo ifiva. Ukuze ufumane ezinye izinto ezinkulu ziquka malformations bekhubazekile. Kwiimeko ezininzi arrhythmias engenabungozi ebantwaneni. Noko ke, xa kukho utshintsho ireyithi zentliziyo karhulumente zosana lokuphumla, ngumdlalo okanye umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni, abazali kufuneka bafune unyango lobungcali kwiziko lonyango.

arrhythmia wentliziyo ku olufikisayo

Ukuba arrhythmia phakathi olufikisayo, ebangela ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisingqi sinus. Ngexesha lokufikisa, umzimba bayaboniswa bachazelwe kangangoko utshintsho ezininzi, nto leyo edla ebangela ezahlukeneyo ukuphazamiseka. A mba efanayo Akuvamile ngezifo, mhlawumbi kwenzeke utshintsho kwinqanaba bokuphila, yaye ekugqibeleni shwaka. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba arrhythmia kwi olufikisayo akufuneki ngqalelo. Xa lokuqala elivisayo sifo ufuna ugqirha uhlolo rhoqo abaya kubeka esweni Dynamics arrhythmia. Ukuba iimpawu musa zinyamalale kwisithuba seminyaka 1-2, lo elivisayo ngokuqinisekileyo abadinga unyango.

Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo arrhythmia kwi ukufikisa bradycardia. Isifo umngcipheko wokuba ingqondo yomntwana bangafumani imali efunekayo ioksijini, nto leyo ebangela ngezimvo ubuchule yengqondo, indlela abaqhuba ngayo esikolweni, reactions kade, ukungakwazi ukwenza ngokupheleleyo kwimidlalo kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Izinto ezibangela arrhythmia kweli phakade azisoloko enxulumene kunye nezifo inkqubo sentliziyo. Ukumqumbisa sifo kuba neengxaki yonyango, ntshikilelo, ntshikilelo luvo, utshintsho hormone e olufikisayo, umphunga okanye inyumoniya izifo, iingqele, ekhatshwa umkhuhlane njalo njalo. Xa DYSTONIA kwezityalo-semithambo, isifo Ungumlinganiswa phantom, ngoko ke unyango lwe aba bantwana kubalulekile nolawulo nadlamkisayo kwengqondo iingcebiso.

arrhythmia wentliziyo kwabasetyhini

Amabhinqa, njengeqela, asengomnye iseti umdla imingeni ngenxa cardiologist lowo ligxininisa ziziphazamiso entliziyweni isingqisho. Kukho utshintsho zenyanga arrhythmias ezithile, apho intliziyo ngumthombo kabi ixhala izigulane ababhinqileyo, kwaye kukho imingcipheko ethile xa owasetyhini ene arrhythmia intliziyo. Oonobangela, unyango kwesifo kunye neempawu zayo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukuze ingqalelo.

Abasetyhini kufuneka kukhokelele kwiqondo eliphezulu syndrome lokugula sinus, sinus tachycardia, tachycardia atrioventricular ezithile kunye nezinye iintlobo zezifo. Oonobangela arrhythmias kwabasetyhini zinxulunyaniswa nezinga intliziyo kakuhle:

- ventricular tachycardia (ezisuka amagumbi asezantsi yentliziyo);

- tachycardia supraventricular (kwenzeka emagumbini aphezulu kwentliziyo);

- izishunqulelo atrial yaphambi (kwenzeka emagumbini aphezulu kunye asezantsi zentliziyo).

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba intliziyo eyaphukileyo sisphumo, kungekhona isifo. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa kukho arrhythmia, unobangela wayo eziphathelele ezifana nokungazinzi engqondweni, uchulumanco luvo, wakhathazeka emoyeni. Noko ke, kule meko, kukho uxilongo ngokucokisekileyo sifo, ukuze kupheliswe ukufunyanwa izizathu ezinzulu.

Arrhythmias ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala utshintsha umfazi. Amanqanaba Ukwanda estrogen kunye neempembelelo zabantu chorionic gonadotropin ibinzana lamajelo ion entliziyweni, utshintsho hemodynamic luphawulwa ukwanda umthamo wegazi kunye kabini output intliziyo. Ukongeza, ukukhulelwa kwandisa ithoni novelwano. Zonke ezi utshintsho emzimbeni nemazi igalelo kuphuhliso arrhythmia.

arrhythmia wentliziyo kubantu

Ngabantu, isifo sentliziyo kwenzeka ngamaxesha-2 kaninzi ngaphezu abafazi. Ezi ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ze zesifo kwibhloko atrioventricular, carotid sinus syndrome, fibrillation atrial, tachycardia supraventricular, Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, nezolo ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation ventricular kunye yabulala ngesiquphe, kunye Brugada syndrome. Oonobangela arrhythmias ngabantu unxulunyaniswa abatyebe, ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala, ukutshaya, yokungasebenzi emzimbeni, ukungatyi ukutya okunesondlo, ntshikilelo, imithi ezithile.

Amadoda kunye nesifo sentliziyo ingakumbi ezithandwa arrhythmias asakhasayo, ekubeni nezitenxo kwi imisipha intliziyo kungadala ukusilela intliziyo okanye ukulibala uphawu lukagesi ukusuka sinus node ukuya ventricles. Ukuba kukho arrhythmia emva kwesidlo, oonobangela le meko zinxulunyaniswa yengcinezelo isisu ukuya uvalo. Ngenxa yoko kukho ucinezelo kwentamo, uxinzelelo intliziyo. Izinto ezibangela arrhythmia ngabantu Kwakhona ezinxulumene noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, overactive lengqula nobubovu, nayo leyo kwandisa umngcipheko.

Iimpawu zesi sifo abadala

Xa sifo, ezifana arrhythmia kwentliziyo, iimpawu, ezibangela izifo zihlobene. Ngokomzekelo, xa intliziyo ibethe ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo, iimpawu zesi sifo zibandakanya ubuhlungu esifubeni, iyangongoza, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, lwegazi. Ukuba bradycardia kuvame ukudinwa, isiyezi, niphele okanye urhulumente presyncopal, ukwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Iimpawu arrhythmias abadala ziquka ubuthathaka jikelele, ukudinwa ukwanda, ukubetha kwentliziyo kakubi kunye nezinga intliziyo. Xa zisaphila ezicothayo ingqondo ungafumani umlinganiselo onguwo oksijini, ukuze ukuba izigulane ingxelo nesiyezi rhoqo, niphele, okanye predobmoroki, zibe ukuphelelwa umoya kunye ukubila zanda. Ulusu lipholi, Bathiwe wambu umbilo. Xa tachycardia intlungu rhoqo kwi esifubeni, ukwanda nochuku,

Ukuba enomoya esifubeni random, akukho ingozi, musa. Kodwa ukuba Intlungu entliziyweni yakhe baye besiba baninzi ngakumbi njengomntu rhoqo kukho yimvakalelo yobuthathaka, ubume uba mgaqweni, ngoku lixesha lokuba ukubona ugqirha.

unyango arrhythmia

iintlobo ezininzi nesifo sentliziyo zithathwa ukuba akanangozi kwaye awudingi unyango. Ukuba umntu uba arrhythmia kwentliziyo, ebangela, unyango lwe sisifo ngokuqhelekileyo ezimeleyo omnye komnye, ekubeni oogqirha ukhethe indlela unyango olusekelwe phezu kwezo zinto leyo eyenza sifo. Unyango kwesifo idla ngqo yokuthintela egazi igazi egazini ukuthintela umngcipheko nobetho, abuyisele eqhelekileyo intliziyo isingqisho, ulawulo izinga intliziyo kuluhlu eqhelekileyo, ukunciphisa ubungozi izifo sentliziyo.

Ukuba bradycardia Kuvezwe likhuphe izizathu, oogqirha ngokuqhelekileyo kubhenela ukusetyenziswa pacemakers. A pacemaker sisixhobo encinane, nto leyo umiselwe kufuphi collarbone. Elinye okanye ngaphezulu electrode kunye iingcebiso, evela instrument, thumela pulses zombane ngokusebenzisa imithambo yegazi entliziyweni, ngaloo ndlela zakha izinga lentliziyo rhoqo ngabantu.

Kuba iintlobo ezininzi tachycardia, isigulane ukuba amayeza emiselweyo, nto leyo evumela ukulawula izinga lentliziyo okanye ubuyisele intliziyo isingqisho eqhelekileyo. unyango olunjalo unganciphisa zonke iingxaki kunokwenzeka. Xa fibrillation atrial, ugqirha umisela amayeza, ithinasi igazi ethintela ukuyilwa egazi igazi egazini. Xa atrial fibrillation isigulane emiselweyo iziyobisi usebenzisa cardioversion, nto leyo evumela ukubuyisela sinus isingqisho eqhelekileyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, isigulane ukuze ekucetyiswa unyango zoqhaqho arrhythmia. Kwiimeko kakhulu kwemithambo umnikelo nomonde uqhaqho bypass sentliziyo. Le nkqubo inceda ukuphucula igazi kwemali intliziyo. Radiofrequency ablation lwenziwa kwimeko yokwanda izinga lentliziyo kunye ukubetha ayonelanga. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, ugqirha wenza okuhlatywa kwi inwebu kukuqulungana nga ukuba ukuqhuba amaza zombane.

ukuvimbela

Ukuze kuthintelwe isifo sentliziyo, arrhythmias, kwaye ingakumbi, ukuba baphile ubomi obusempilweni, landela iingcebiso malunga isondlo, nika imikhuba emibi, izimo ndixinezeleke, ukudlala imidlalo.