ATF - Oli ye gciwane oluzenzekelayo. Iimpawu, ukusetyenziswa, ezikhabhathini. amafutha Ukuhambelana ATF

uthumelo oluzenzekelayo azisebenzi nge-oyile igiya zemveli. Ukuba zizaliswe ATF-oli. Le nto ilulwelo a zililo viscosity eliphezulu lezimbiwa okanye isiseko zokwenziwa. ulwelo ezinjalo ukuze uthumelo oluzenzekelayo ukuvumela ukuba ukusebenza kweenkqubo, ulawulo kwaye isebenza utshintsho amagiya. Kwakhona le ulwelo usasazwa ugqithiselwa nge torque ukusuka injini ukuya ukosuleleka oluzenzekelayo. Ngaphezu lubricates ATF-oyile kunye lwentaba- iindawo frictional kubo.

Indlela ukumisa i ATF

transmission oluzenzekelayo okwesihlandlo sokuqala kumisa ngo-1938. Kokuyilwayo igama Hydramatic. Oku kwalandela inkqubo ongenawo utshintsho amagiya. Le yunithi wadalwa yimikhosi lenjineli zezixhobo Pontiac. Nditsho ke, inkampani yaba yinxalenye automaker General Motors. Ekubeni uGeneral Motors phambi kokuba naluphi na uphuhliso ezintsha olukuthandayo pre-phindwe kwaye yavavanywa ngandlela zonke, ukosuleleka entsha ezenzekelayo yafakwa kwi Oldsmobile. Ezi mvavanyo zaba yimpumelelo. Kwaye ngoku, ngo-'39 "GIDROMATIK" ifakelwe njengokhetho ezimotweni Oldsmobile Custom 8 Cruiser. Kubiza $ 57 olu khetho.

Indima General Motors kuphuhliso lo ATF yokuqala

Ekupheleni kuka-imi- 40 ukosuleleka oluzenzekelayo sele abe yinxalenye aziqhelileyo imoto. Akumangalisi ukuba le yokuqala ATF-oyile yokudluliswa ezenzekelayo sele yenziwe kuba iingcali General Motors. Yaba iinkcukacha yokuqala yehlabathi yokudluliswa kulwelo. Yayibizwa ngokuba Uhlobo A. Ulwelo yasekwa ngo-1949. Emva koko, GM waqala ukuphuhlisa oyile iiseyile, yaye, kamva, ukuba bangahlela, ukuba baphakamise iimfuno ezininzi olungqongqo kubo. Products, ayayilwa kwi-General Motots iilabhoratri ngenxa yokunqongophala ukhuphiswano, yaba ulwelo ngamazwe umgangatho hydraulic ukuba naluphi na uhlobo transmission oluzenzekelayo.

Ukusuka oyile whale zeteknoloji iyabadodobalisa

Ngowe-1957, lo incazelo ekhoyo sele ibuyekeziwe ngempumelelo yaye ekubeni kongezwe enye Isicelo esincinane esitsha - Uhlobo transmission fluid A Isimamva A (shunqulelo ATF-TASA). Emva kweminyaka eli-10, siye udale incazelo (kulo ATF Dexron-B). Njengokuba eyona nto iphambili, ekuthe ulwelo yokuqaba kwiipropati, isetyenziswa Amafutha - a elityebileyo lufumaneka whales. Kodwa ke uphuhliso zobugcisa ekuvelisweni uthumelo oluzenzekelayo kwabangela inkxalabo ukwazisa into entsha. Ngoko ke, ngo-1973, bakhula iinkcukacha entsha Dexron 2C. Ngo-1981 kuya kufakwa Dexron-2D. Xa ithala corporation kelwa evela kumaqela wamalungelo ezilwanyana, kwakunye emva kokuvalwa phezu okuloba iminenga, inkampani ngo-1991 ukwenza olungumgubo ezintsha Dexron-2E. Umahluko phakathi le mveliso - ukuba wadalwa qho zokwenziwa. Eku sunguleni, i grease ngokusekelwe oyile bezimbiwa.

Ukuzalwa Dexron-4

Ngowe-1994, lonke uluntu ehlabathini afunde malunga iinkcukacha ezintsha, eyayichazwe iimfuno ezintsha iimpawu viscosity kunye lobushushu neempawu. Kwakhona, lo incazelo ebonisa iipropati frictional kunathi. It Dextron-3f kunye Dextron-3G. Emva kweminyaka 8 Dextron-3h. Kodwa ke eyona mihla kunye kakhulu ngqongqo - nto ATF Dexron-4. Kakade ke, namhlanje kukho ezinye iinkcukacha ezivela kwezinye kubenzi imoto. Edreyi It ezifana Ford, Toyota, Huinday kunye nabanye.

Le ATF yahlukile kwezinye oyile nezixhobo?

Ukuze uqonde umahluko, kuyimfuneko ukuba aye evela kude. Ezi zithuthi esetyenziselwa injini amafutha, izixhobo, yokukhulisa kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye ATF-oyile. Yintoni afana ngazo zonke ezi lwelo? Xa intliziyo ezi-oyile ezi hydrocarbon, efunyanwa nokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa. Oku kunika ezinye kufano iimpawu. ube Zonke ezi ndlela yokuqaba mihlaba, landa zochuku phakathi imiphezulu sliding. Kwakhona, yonke idatha fluid aneempawu ubushushu ukusasaza elungileyo. Ngokutsho efanayo yalo, ukuba ziyafana. Kuko konke ukufana ekupheleni. Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela iimpazamo xa esenza sithuthi abo basandula kuqalisa eolini ukudluliselwa oluzenzekelayo ukuba "ubucukubhede", yaye power steering - brake fluid.

Iimpawu ezisisiseko ATF

ATF-oyile ngomnye ulwelo zinzima kumafa phakathi zonke imixube igrisi ezisetyenziswa kwimoto mihla. Xa ukuthambisa ajikeleze iimfuno ezinjalo aphezulu kunye nemigangatho. I oyile kufuneka zibe nefuthe yokuqaba - ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa zochuku kwaye ngexesha elinye kunciphisa iziqalelo banxibe kwi PPC. Xa la mandla zochuku kumaqela zochuku kufuneka kwandiswa. Oku kuya kunciphisa isiliphu waqhekeza bands kunye nezinye iiyunithi. Kwakhona enye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo - transfer ubushushu. I-oyile has a fluidity ophezulu kunye neempawu conductivity thermal. Ulwelo akuthethi amagwebu ngexesha lomsebenzi. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo - uzinzo, ezizezi yokunqongophala kweenkqubo oxidative phantsi ukufudumeza ukuya kwiqondo eliphezulu ngexesha zoqhagamshelwano mpilo. Ukongeza, i-oyile kufuneka ube neempawu anti-umhlwa. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe umhlwa phezu ezalathelwe uphuhliso lwangaphakathi indlela. ngokuba oluzenzekelayo transmission fluid kufuneka hydrophobic (ukukwazi ukuba bashenxise ukufuma ukusuka kumphezulu). Kuyimfuneko ukuba ulwelo igcinwe iimpawu zayo kwemali kunye neempawu hydraulic. ATF-igrisi uneempawu ezizinzileyo kunye iqondo eliphezulu ucinezelo xa kunokwenzeka kuluhlu ebanzi lobushushu. Sekunjalo ngokubanzi kuthathwa enye indawo - ukwehla luchukumisa yamandla ugqithiso esizenzekelayo ubukho idayi.

iinkcukacha okufana zokuthambisa transmission oluzenzekelayo

Cinga iinkcukacha ezininzi ATF neeoyile, iimpawu kunye namanani. Kuba Dexron-2 iinkcukacha viscosity kinematic ka-37.7 ngo-40 C. Xa degrees-100, i parameter baya 8.1. Kuba Dexron-3 viscosity kinematic kwaye akukho mgangathweni, kwakunye nezinye iinkcukacha. Oil viscosity ATF Bruksfildu ngokwe Dexron-2 kubushushu degrees 20 kufuneka 2000 MPA kwi-30 - 6000 kweeMPA, kwi-40 - elenziwa zii-50 000. Parameter efanayo Dexron-3 ngu 10, ukuba uxinzelelo - 1500 MPA. Flash point - alithe gangqa 190 degrees to Dexron-2. Kuba Dexron-3 - le parameter degrees 179, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-185.

amafutha Ukuhambelana ATF

Naluphi na oyile (akunamsebenzi, ukuba izimbiwa okanye eyingozi) kungenziwa ugalelwe ngaphandle imiphumo. Kakade ke, ulwelo phambili ngakumbi bayiphucule komsebenzi kunye neepropati. Ukuba igcwalisiwe fluid mihla ngokufanayo, oko kuya kuphucula iimpawu yeoli kuhluthiswa. Zemigaqo omdala, kwimigaqo ephantsi oko baya kudla ilifa. Kwakhona ubomi ATF oyile ezikhabhathini ababhalisiweyo angaphantsi kakhulu. Iingcali Sicebisa ukutshintsha le ulwelo yonke km 70,000. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uninzi abenzi namhlanje azisekelwanga kulawulwa indawo nexesha engamanzi. Igcwele ubomi. Kodwa ke xa imoto sele ngabee- 200 000 eekhilomitha kwi ioli olunye akulunganga kakhulu. Inyaniso yokuba kulwelo ekudluliseni oluzenzekelayo ukusebenza. Yaba yena edlulisela torque ukusuka injini ukuya kweevili. Le neoli rhoqo kwintshukumo, naxa umatshini na izinga cala. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko uqokelela imveliso yokutya. Le swarf leyo izihlangu lokucoca kunye woluvo. Ngenxa yoko, ibhokisi kuphinda isebenze ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ke kaloku umcimbi wokuhambelana. Akukho brand zange abhengeze ngokupheleleyo yonke ingcaciso malunga nokuqulunqwa neempawu kulwelo zaveliswa. Ngokufuthi, kubavelisi nolwazi lokuthengisa elilinganiselweyo yaye izibhengezo, ebanyanzela kuthenga kuphela imveliso ethile. Kodwa le ngcaciso sele kungekho ndlela ugwetyelwe. zizizwe ekucetyiswa ezineempawu ezirhabaxa ukuze uthumelo kunye torque converter lock ukubandakanywa ngqwabalala. Ukugqithisa oluzenzekelayo ne lock-GTP kufuneka agcwalise iimveliso ngempahla ezahlukahlukeneyo. Okokugqibela, kungakhathaliseki imodeli transmission oluzenzekelayo, zonke iindawo, iibheringi, amagiya kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwe izinto ezifanayo. Yaye oko kuthetha ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo ATF ayikho ezahlukeneyo ingakumbi ukusuka komnye.

On awohluke isicelo kanye ukuhambelana

Ukuba i oyile kwatshintsha kwibhokisi xa iyonke, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba athenge indlela ibiza kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo iimpawu ezirhabaxa okanye umahluko. Ukuba ayikabikho ibhajethi ilinganiselwe, ngoko nokuba ilingane oli jikelele ATF. ukusetyenziswa kwayo aluchaphazeli umgangatho womsebenzi ebhokisini. Ukuba ulwelo songeza, iingcaphephe bacebisa ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso eklasini ephakamileyo, okanye ubuncinane alithe gangqa maka. Kodwa ukuba resource sele ifikelele kweekhilomitha 70,000, ifuna indawo epheleleyo. Kunqweneleka ukuba ukuvelisa ekuhlanjweni olongezelelweyo. Lo msebenzi Kuthatha i eelitha ezongezelelweyo eziyi-20 ze-oyile. Kubalulekile ke eqolo, kodwa ukugweba yi-ncomo, lo msebenzi ngokupheleleyo uhlamba kude neetshiphusi. phambi kwayo Kodwa kwaziwa ukuba nzima ukusebenza i transmission oluzenzekelayo.

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa oko ATF-oyile yokudluliswa oluzenzekelayo.