Baikal, ihlabathi lezilwanyana. Ichibi iBaikal, eRashiya

I-Baikal kunye neendawo ezikuyo yindawo enhle kakhulu, unokuxelela malunga nemimangaliso nemimangaliso ixesha elide. Leli lizwe elinomfanekiso obalaseleyo: iindawo ezintle, ama-capes ayingqumbo, iindawo ezintle, kunye nezinye izinto ezihle zifumaneka apha kwiinyawo zonke.

Izilwanyana zaseLake Baikal zihluke kakhulu, njengoko uhlobo apha lugcinwa phantse kwifomu yalo yangaphambili, kwaye abantu basekuhlaleni baphila ngokweendlela zemveli zobomi. Siyabulela oku, le ndawo ibangalisa i-ecotourists minyaka yonke emhlabeni.

Izilwanyana zaseLake Baikal

Lapha uhlala nenani elikhulu lezilwanyana, ezinye zazo zifumaneka kuphela kule ndawo. Ngokomzekelo, itywina - isilwanyana esincinci, esele sifanekisela eli chibi. Okanye intlanzi-golomyanka - ngokucacileyo! KuLwandle lwaseBaikal, umhlaba wezilwanyana umele inani elikhulu leentlanzi, iimpawu, njl. Iimvulo, iibhere kunye ne-lynx zihlala kude neendlela zokuvakasha. Ngomso emva kweentsuku zinyoni zicula apha. Kwaye xa sithetha ngentlanzi, i-sturgeon, i-gray, i-whitefish kunye ne-omul ngabahlali basekuhlaleni.

Isalathiso seBaikal

Nanku kuphela ummeleli wezilwanyana ezinxilisayo. Kwaye ukuba sinokuqwalasela iingxaki zeLake i-Baikal, ngoko kuya kuqatshelwa ukuba le nto isilwanyana siphelile.

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi malunga nendlela itywina efunyenwe apha. Kukho ingqungquthela eyangena apha ukusuka e-Arctic Ocean ngexesha leqhwa emifuleni, emithonjeni.

Esi silwanyana esinqabileyo phantse bonke ubomi buphakathi kwamanzi, yonke imizuzu engama-20 evulela inxalenye yomoya ophelileyo. Ebusika, iphefumula ngomoya okhethekileyo-i-small gasses, eyenza ngokukhipha i-ice ukusuka ngaphantsi kunye neentlawu zangaphambili. I-Nerpa i-hibernates kwizibhambathiso, iwahlela kwiindawo ezihlambulukileyo zeli libi phantsi kwekhephu. Kukho imikhonkco engaphezulu kwe-10 eyahlukeneyo kummandla wecala. Ziyakwazi ukufikelela kumashumi amabini eemitha ukusuka kwelinye eliphambili. Kuye kwabonakaliswa ukuba amandla okwenza ukuhlanjululwa ngumntu ongokoqobo.

Ukutya okuphambili kwitywina kuyinhlanzi ye-golomyanka-goby. Ngomhla udla ama-3-5 kg weentlanzi ezintsha. Isitywina sabadala ngomnyaka sidla iitani zeentlanzi.

Phantse iminyaka engama-4 insikazi iqhuba ngokwesondo. 1-2 kwiminyaka kamva, kufikelelwe ukukhula. Kwisitywina ukukhulelwa kuthatha iinyanga ezili-11. Ukufikelela kwiminyaka engamashumi mane uyakwazi ukuvelisa inzala.

NgoFebruwari-Aprili, iintsana zizalwe. Ziyabonakala entanjeni ekhephu kwiqhwa, zondliwa ngunina kamama. Ngokuqhelekileyo, itywina ibeletha i-1st, ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abancinci ababini, ubunzima babo buyi-4 kilogram. Abancinci boboya obumhlophe, obuvumela ukuba bahlale bengabonakali kwiqhwa.

Ubunzima bemilinganiselo yecwecwe ngu-50 kg, ubunzima obukhulu buyi 150 kg. Isantya sesilwanyana sokubhukuda sifikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-20 ngeyure.

Big Golomyanka

E-Baikal kukho iindidi ezi-2 ze goyamyanka - ezincinane kunye ezinkulu. Ezi zityalo ezi-2 zivela kwiindawo ezinzulu. Bagcina usuku kwindawo engama-500 m, ephakama ebusuku ukuya ku-50 m. Njengoko amanzi aseLake Baikal ahlambulukile, unokubona ezi ntlanzi ezintle ezimhlophe zintlanzi ezithungayo nazo zonke iimpawu ze-rainbow malunga no-20 cm ubukhulu. I-golomyanka inomzimba ojikelezayo ngenxa yomxholo omkhulu weoli (malunga ne-45%).

Uyi- fish viviparous. Kule meko, umntu omkhulu uneemvumba ekuwa, ngelixa encinci sele isele ngoJuni. Kwi-golomyanka enkulu, inani leempethu li malunga ne-4000, kwi-golomyanka encinci i-2500.

Iintlanzi ziphila iminyaka emi-5. Ukutya kudla iintlanzi ezincinci kunye nama-crustaceans.

Baikal omul

I-Omul yintlanzi enkulu yorhwebo. Amanzi acocekileyo aseLake Baikal akuvumela ukuba uhlale kuyo imimandla emine ye-omul: iChivyrkuy, i-Selenga, iSeverobaikalsk, i-ambassy.

Ekwindla, ngexesha lokuzala, zonke iintlanga zithunyelwa kumlambo wazo. Inkambo yokuzala emlanjeni iqala xa ubushushu bamanzi bulingana ngo-Agasti-Septemba. Ngo-Oktobha ukuzaliswa kwenzeka ngexesha lokushisa kwamanzi okungabi ngaphezu kwama-5 ° C. Ukuphuhliswa kwamaqanda kuthatha iinyanga ezili-8, kwaye umthamo weemvumba ezincinci uphela ekupheleni kukaMeyi. I-Molody i-omul, ukuhlaselwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kwiindawo eziphantsi kweemilambo, kwi-litter, bayibambezeleke apha kwiinyanga ezili-1.5, ukususela ngo-Meyi-Juni le mimandla ibonakaliswe ngokufudumele kwamanzi.

Amaxhoba kwindawo yokufudumala yamanzi amaninzi afudumele kakhulu kwiimvumba ezincinci ze-chironomids, iplankton, njl njl. Izibungu ziba yinyabi, kwaye ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba amanzi amanxweme aphephe afike ku-11 ° C okanye ngaphezulu, ama-aloloids ahlakazeka ngokukhawuleza eLwandle lwaseBaikal, ihlabathi lezilwanyana ezicebileyo kunye nezohlukeneyo.

Omul omdala uba ngumnyaka wesi-5 wobomi bakhe.

Ubukhulu beentlanzi zeentlanga ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka. Inkulu kunazo zonke uhlanga lukaSelenga. Kwihlobo lasehlotyeni, ubukhulu bomzimba bufikelela kuma-404 amagremu kunye nobude bomzimba bu-35 cm. Ubungakanani obukhulu kunabo bonke uhlanga lwaseNyakatho iBaikal, apho ubukhulu obuphakathi bufikelela kuma-255 amagremu kwiindawo zokubamba zasehlotyeni.

Ubunzima beentlanzi zi-5 kilogram.

I-sturgeon yaseBaikal

Ihlabathi lezilwanyana zaseLake Baikal licebile kakhulu. Ngamafutshane, kufuneka kuxelelwe nge-sturgeon yaseBaikal. Ihlala ihlala apha kwaye idibene nemilambo ngokuyinhloko ngexesha lokuzalisa, elenzeka kwi-V. Angara, Barguzin kunye neSelenga. Nangona emifuleni angaphila ngonaphakade, ingakumbi kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala. Incinci kwiilayidi ezizayo kwilaba. Ngaphakathi kwayo, i-sturgeon isasazwa kwindawo enkulu yamanzi. Ummandla ongezantsi wamanzi, ufikelele kwimitha engama-200. Ngethuba lokuzala, intlanzi ihamba emifuleni malunga neekhilomitha ezili-100 ukusuka emlonyeni.

I-sturgeon yeBaikal ikhula ngokude. Abesilisa ngokukhula ngocansi bafikelela kwiminyaka eyi-15, ngelixa iifama zifikelela kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala.

Ngesinye isikhathi ngexesha leentlanzi lalibanjwe, ubunzima balo bufike kwi-kg kg; Okwangoku, akukho ncinane ukuba ummeleli olingana no-90 kg. Kula mabhinqa, ubunzima bomzimba buyi-22.5 kilogram kunye nobude beesentimitha eziyi-160, kwindoda malunga neekhilogram ezili-13,5 kunye nobude obuyi-130 centimitha. Umlinganiselo wesantya seentlanzi ngamaqanda angama-420,000.

Ukubunjwa kokutya kweentlanzi kuyehluka, okubangelwa ubutyebi beLake Baikal. Ihlabathi lezilwanyana, elikhangisa i-sturgeon, iimbungu, i-mollusks, izibungu zemithi yasentwasahlobo, i-chironomids, i-amphipods, i-wide-browed, ephindwe rhoqo ngeentlanzi ezincinane ze-carp ne-perch.

Grey Grey

Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseSiberia . Intlanzi ihanjiswa kulo lonke iLake Baikal (eRashiya), ngokukodwa kufuphi nemilanjeni, apho ivelisa khona. Uhlala kwindawo ejulile (ukuya kwi-15 m) kufuphi nommandla wonxweme, apho kukho inhlabathi yomhlaba.

Ngezihlandlo ezifudumeleyo, uhambela ukuya kwiindawo ezinobuninzi beLake Baikal. Ngelo xesha abafana bafumana i-motley, ingubo eqaqambileyo. Ubunjengebumnyama bubonakala ngoMeyi. Emva koko, intlanzi igxotha kwi-echibi, kwaye i-fry kunye nezimpungushe ezigubulayo zihlala apho ixesha elide. Xa bewa, bayaphonsa kwiBaikal kunye nemilambo yemifula emikhulu.

Kwi-gray grayling, ukutshatyalaliswa kwimihla emine kwiminyaka emine.

Ukutya: izibungu ze-caddis, i- chironomids, i-gammarids, i-podenki kunye nezinambuzane.

Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo buyi 250 mm kunye nobukhulu bomzimba bama 300 grams. Ubungakanani obude be-gray grayling bu-530 mm obunzima be-1.2 kg.

Grey Greyling

Iintlobo eziphilayo ze-Siberian grayness ezivela kumnyama ziyaziwa ngombala ogqithisileyo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Lihlala kulo lonke i-echibi, ngelixa lixhomekeke kwiindawo ezihlala emilonyeni yamanzi amakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwimimandla esempuma nakuma empuma.

Omhlophe mnyama kakhulu. Ubunzima bayo buninzi malunga no-2 kg nangaphezulu kunye nobude bomzimba malunga ne-600 mm. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beentlanzi ngu-300 mm ubunzima be-500 g.

Ukukhula kwentlanzi kuza iminyaka eyisixhenxe. Umlinganiselo wesantya weentlobo ezimhlophe zihlandlo ezi-5 zowomnyama.

Ukuhlawula kwenzeka ngoMeyi, xa ubushushu bamanzi bu-14 ° C. Ngeli xesha, i-caviar ifakwe kwi-shallows yonxweme enxwemeni ubuncinane malunga no-50 cm. Ukuhamba kwefry neentlanzi kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo nakwi-gray grayling.

Ukutya kuhanjiswa yizilwanyana ezizityebi zaseBaikal: izibungu zemithi yasentwasahlobo, iifaddis iintlanzi, i-chironomids, i-podoken, i-dragonflies.

Moose moose

ILos yinkomo enkulu kunazo zonke kwingingqi yaseBaikal. Ubunzima bayo obulinganiselwa kuma-kilogram engamakhulu amane, iinduna ezilinganisa iitoni ezingama-0.5. Ubude bomzimba bufikelela kwiimitha ezi-3 ngokuphakama kwimiba engama-2.3 engamitha. Ngaphezu koko, abafana abavela kubhinqa banesayizi enkulu kwaye banesimo sefowuni, I Horn. Iimpondo ezinamandla kakhulu zivela kubesilisa iminyaka eyi-15. NgoJanuwari izimpondo ziyawa, ukukhula kwezinto ezintsha kuqala ngoMatshi.

Gong kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba. NgoMeyi, inyama yeBaikal iyanconywa - amathole avela kumaqabane.

ULosi ugcina amaqela angama-4-6 ngabanye okanye omnye ngomnye.

Ebusika bayondla emagqabini kunye nezihluma zemithi, ehlobo - kunye nemifuno ehlukahlukeneyo.

Kabarga

I-Kabarga yincwadana encinane kunazo zonke ezihlala kumanxweme aseLake Baikal. Ihlabathi lezilwanyana kule ndawo lihluke kakhulu. I-Kabarga inomdla kakhulu kuninzi. Ubude bomzimba buyi-1 imitha ngobunzima beekhilogram ezili-17. Imilenze ye-Hind ide kakhulu kunokuba i-forelegs. Akukho zimpondo, nangona abesilisa banamapulanka, iimbombo ezide.

Uhlala kwi-taiga, udle umhlaba kunye neengqungquthela zemithi.

I-gon ivela ngoNovemba, ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka malunga neentsuku ezingama-190. Omnye uzalwe, ngamanye amaxesha amabini amabini.

Ukuvavanya iingxaki zeLake iBaikal, kufuneka kuphawulwe kwakhona ukusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwezi ntlobo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba uzingela. Oku kubangelwa ngumsizi we-musk ophakathi kwindoda kwisisu. I-Musk iyinxalenye ye-gelatin, into eninzi enefuthe elinamandla kakhulu, elisebenzisa kwi-perfume kunye neyeza.