Yintoni ekhula ehlathini kwaye ngubani ohlala kuyo? Inkcazo yehlathi lasekwindla nakwindla

Ngaba sazi oko kukhula ehlathini? Kubonakala kuwumbuzo olula, kodwa abaninzi balahleka ngokupheleleyo xa beva. Yaye ukuba uyayikhathaza? Umzekelo, cela uhlobo luni lwehlathi, kwaye yiziphi izilwanyana kunye neentaka ezihlala nganye kwiindidi zayo?

Emva kokufunda le nqaku uza kukwazi iimpendulo kwimibandela emininzi malunga neentlobo zehlathi kunye nabemi balo, kunye nezityalo kunye nemithi. Kwaye kwinqanaba lokugqibela siya kuthetha ngabantu abanobungozi behlathi.

Yintoni ihlathi?

Ngaphambi kokuba wazi oko kukukhula ehlathini, akulimazi ukucacisa oko ihlathi elikulo.

Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ihlathi libizwa ngokuba yimithombo eyahlukeneyo yesayensi. Nendawo yokuphila, kunye "nendawo apho imithi ikhula khona," kunye nokudibanisa ubuninzi bezityalo ezahlukeneyo, kunye "nemiphophu yomhlaba." Liliphi igama elichanekileyo? Zonke iinketho ngokubanzi ziya kunika impendulo echanileyo. Makhe sizame ukwenza inkcazo yehlathi. Ihlathi liyindawo apho imithi kunye neengca zikhula, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana, inambuzane kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci zihlala. Zonke zidibeneyo ziququzelele inkqubo ephilayo yendalo, kunye neetyuniti zokutya kunye nokuhlala kwendawo enye. Ewe, yonke le ndawo kunye neendawo ezininzi ezinjalo ngokwenene yimiphunga yomhlaba wethu. Yaye yintoni umsebenzi wemiphophu? Impendulo ilula - ukuphefumula, ukucebisa umzimba womntu okanye wezilwanyana nge oxygen. Oku kwenziwa ngamahlathi, ahlambulule umoya ongcolileyo, ukukhupha i-oksijeni, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye iluncedo kuthi. Ngaba uye waphawula ukuba ucocekile kwaye uvuselele njani umoya ehlathini? Ngaba mnandi kwaye kulula ukuphefumula apho? Ngoko ke, ukuhamba ehlathini kunceda kakhulu ngexesha lethu lophuhliso lwemveliso yamashishini kunye namachiza.

Ziziphi ihlathi?

Okokukhula ehlathini kuxhomekeke kwimeko yehlathi. Akulula ukukhetha nayiphi na into ebalulekileyo yokuhlelwa, kuba i-nature ithanda ukuhlukahluka. Kunokwenzeka ukwahlula amahlathi ngokubhekiselele kwi "indawo" yabo kwimpuma, esezantsi okanye i-equatorial, okanye ngokubhekiselele ekutheni "ukuziphatha" kwabo, ngokomzekelo:

• Evergreen (amahlathi, imithi apho batshintsha amagqabi abo njengenwele yabantu - ababuthathaka bayawa, kwaye abatsha bakhula endaweni yabo).
• Amagqabi anqabileyo (abo aphuma amaqabunga ebusika, kwaye entwasahlobo bakhula entsha).
• IiConifers (ezo zihlahla ze-coniferous zikhula - iifire nemisedare, iipini kunye ne-cypresses).
• Ixutywe, okanye i-semi-deciduous.

Siza kuthetha ngamahlathi anqabileyo kunye ne-coniferous, kwaye ndikuxelele ngehlathi lepine kunye nabemi balo. Kwihlathi ngalinye kukho izityalo kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, abemi. I-Flora (oko kukuthi, umhlaba wezityalo) ikwahlukileyo kwiintlobo zonke.

Abemi kunye nezityalo zehlathi le-coniferous

Ihlathi leConiferous lidla ngokuba yi-taiga. Ezi ziindawo ezinzima ezihlala ziluhlaza kwiitiga ezininzi. Zihlala apha kwizilwanyana ezinobumnandi obuhle. Ngaphandle koko babeza kubanda nje, njengobusika kwi-taiga bude kakhulu, ikhephu neqatha, kwaye ihlobo, nangona lifudumele, kodwa lifutshane ngokwaneleyo.

Apha, kumasebe afakwe emithinini yemifire nemisedare, unokubona i-shishkary (enegama layo ngenxa yokuba idla izilwanyana, iwahlula ngomlomo wayo ongaqhelekanga emnqamlezweni) kunye neenkuni ezinkulu zigalela ngeentsiba ezinkulu. Ukususela kwizilwanyana ezincinci zilapho zihlala i-chipmunks kunye neemermines eziqhekezayo, izilumko ezintle ezingenasiphelo, oboya babo boloko bayixabisa kakhulu. Abemi kwihlathi le-taiga bayinhle lynx, ibhere elikhulu elimnyama kunye ne-moose enkulu, kunye ne-wolverine engabonakaliyo.

Ihlabathi lezityalo zehlathi le-taiga asisityebi. Umtya ophezulu uqukethe imithi ye-coniferous - imisedare ephakamileyo kunye ne-cypresses, imjunipha, i-larch kunye nephayini. Kwaye, ke, wadla. Yelochka ehlathini, kwiingoma ezidumileyo, mhlawumbi, zazalelwa kulo mhlaba.

Kwimifuno, akukho zininzi zezilwanyana ezikhulayo apha, kwaye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuba zingekho, azifumaneki kwezinye iifama. Yonke into yokuba i-upper tier yehlathi iphakame kakhulu kwaye ivumela ukuba ilanga elincinane liqhubeke lisinda kule miqathango ngaphandle kokuba i-moss engenakuthobeka kunye neentlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ingqwalasela eyahlukileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-moss, zininzi zazo, zizintlu kwaye zininzi kwaye zondla izilwanyana ezinomsoco wezilwanyana ezininzi nakubusika, zivakalelwa ngokupheleleyo nangaphantsi kweqhwa elibandayo.

Ngubani ohlala ehlathini?

Ihlathi lePine - Ihlathi? Ewe, eli lihlathi apho iintaba zihlala khona. Ekuzaleni kwabo, la mahlathi abukeka njengetayiga. Ukongeza kwipayini kukho ukukhula kwegrikhi kunye ne-cherry yenyoni, i-aspen kunye ne-blueberry, ebizwa ngokuba yi-black raspberries. Ihlathi le-coniferous-deciduous ligama lesibili lehlathi elidibeneyo lepine.

Iifama kwihlathi elinjalo zikhula kakhulu kwaye ziluhlaza. Kungenxa yokuba banjengoko nawuphi na umthi, bathambekele ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kwaye batyula phezulu ukuze baphumelele baye kwimifudumala efudumeleyo ngaphaya kweentsika zabazalwana babo.

Ihlathi lepayini licebile kuma-mushroom, eliziva likhulu emhlabeni, lithandeka ngokugqithiseleyo ngezilingo zepine. Ngaphantsi kwemithi ende emanzini atshaniweyo afihla ama-mushroom kunye ne-honey agarics, amakhowe ebhotela kunye ne-podberezoviki.

Ngelishwa, amahlathi e-pine ahlambulukanga asinotyebi kakhulu kubemi, kuba kuzo zimbalwa ezimbalwa. Kodwa emahlathini adibeneyo kukho iinqwelo ezininzi, izibhokhwe zasendle kunye nezimpungushe. I-roe deer kunye ne-moose bafumana ikhaya elihle apha. Ukongezelela, sinokubona phakathi kweemithi zeemfesholo ezinzulu kunye nee-martens ezikhawulezayo njengombani.

Ngubani onokubonwa ehlathini elibi?

Ihlathi eliqhawulayo linye apho imithi kunye nezihlahla zokhuni olukhuni zihlala zihamba phambili. Kwakhona, ihlathi elinjalo lingabizwa ngokuthi liqhekeza, kuba ngobusika amaqabunga awo ayawa, kwaye entwasahlobo intsha ikhula.

Izityalo ezikhula ehlathini (izityalo, iintyatyambo, amajikijolo) zenza umgangatho ophantsi. Umyinge ophakathi nendawo ephakamileyo, kwaye i-high tier imithi. Ngokuyisiseko i-ash kunye ne-elms, i-oki kunye ne-lindens, i-birch kunye ne-alder.

Ngotshani (umgca ongaphantsi) kunye nomhlaba, inambuzane encinci kunye nezibungu zazo zihlala, kunye neenkondlo ezikhoyo.

Ihlabathi lezilwanyana zehlathi elinqabileyo alifani kakhulu, kodwa linomdla. Iingqungquthela zakhe ezinqabileyo, izikratshi ezizilawulezileyo, iimpungushe kunye neengcuka, izibhokhwe zasendle kunye ne-elks, ama-martens e-forest kunye ne-chipmunks, i-badgers kunye ne-ferrets. Kwizithsaba eziphakamileyo zemithi, i-woodpeckers kunye negolide, i nightingales kunye ne-chizhiki zikhula izidleke zazo.

Amaqabunga amahlathi akhula apha , amagama kunye neenkcazo ezifanelekile ukuba azi ukuba ungaphumeleli ngephutha i-berry engenayo kwaye ungabi yingozi. I-cranberries ezidliwayo kunye nama-strawberries apha, unokufumana ama-blueberries kwaye awusasentsini, kodwa kwiindawo ezincinci ezikhulayo ze-blackberries kunye ne-ash ash.

Ihlathi eliqingqiweyo liphendula malunga nama-25% kuwo onke amahlathi aseYurophu, awancinci.

Ihlathi lekwindla kunye nehlathi lasebusika

I-autumn nobusika yinto encinci yexesha elibuhlungu lehlathi kunye nabemi balo. Ekwindla, izilwanyana ezinobuthi ziqokelela izinto eziya kubanceda zisinde ebusika. Ngokomzekelo, i-squirrels igcina amanqwanqwa, amagundane adiliza iindawo zokutya okuziinkozo, izilwanyana eziya ku-hibernation, amanqatha, oko kukuthi, badla nzima - kunye nomda. Oku kuya kunceda ukuba bangabikho kwiinyanga ezintathu ezinde xa belele "emakhaya" abo.

Ikwindla lixesha lokuvuna. Amakhobo kunye neengcambu, izityalo zeemifuno kunye nezixhobo ezinomsoco, amayeza kunye namaqabunga, amantongomane, ama-acorns kunye nama-cones - konke oku "ubutyebi" buvuthwa ekwindla.

Ihlathi ebusika libuhlungu kwaye lithe cwaka. Awukwazi ukuva iingoma zengoma, zaza zaza zaza zantsi kwaye ziya kubuya kuphela entwasahlobo. Amaqabunga ayenzi umsindo, ngaphandle kokuba amaqabunga aweleyo aphephe phantsi kweenyawo zawo. Ukubetha iintaka akukwazi ukuvakala, ininzi yabo ngaphambi kokuqala kwebanda kubakho kwihlabathi elifudumalayo.

Ama-mushrooms, amajikijolo kunye nezinye ihlathi elihle ebusika, akunjalo, akunakufunyanwa, kodwa ukuphefumula umoya oqhwabileyo, ujabulele ukuhamba kwebusika, ukuthanda imithi ngesiqhekeza sesiliva kunomdla kakhulu, kwaye luncedo.

Spring kunye nehlobo ehlathini

Ihlobo kunye nehlobo lixesha elihle lehlathi.

Isithwathwa ehlathini lixesha lokuvuswa ebuthongweni busika kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemvelo. Ukongezelela, kusentwasahlobo, xa amaqabunga engakabonakali ngokupheleleyo, ukuba iimpawu zezityalo kunye nezihlahla ziyahlolwa kakuhle. Ukuqwalaselwa kwabo banomdla kwimvelo, banokubamba iintso. Imithi eyahlukeneyo ingaba ngamazinga ahlukeneyo okukhula. Oko kukuthi, kwimithi yangaphambili sibona amaqabunga amathenda ekuhlanjeni, kwaye "esalala" - i-buds emnyama. Ukongeza, xa amasebe ehamba ngokuzeleyo, kunamathuba amaninzi ukubona abemi bezityalo abanomdla kodwa beqaphele kakhulu.

Akukho nto yokuqokelela entabeni yasentwasahlobo, kunjalo. Kodwa oku kusebenza kumajikijolo, amakhowe. Kodwa iingcambu ezixhamlayo kunye nezityalo zokufakelwa ukutsalwa kwegazi zingagqalwa.

Izilwanyana entwasahlobo ziqala umjikelezo omtsha wobomi. Abanye baphuma kwi-hibernation (iibhere, i-hedgehogs), abanye bafuna ididi ekuqhubekeni kwentsapho. Iinyoni ezifudukayo zibuya emazweni atshisayo, kwaye ihlathi elincinci elincinci lizalisa ngokukhawuleza iintaka zeentaka.

Ihlathi lasehlobo livela phambi kwethu lonke ubuqaqawuli balo nobuncwane bokuhlobisa. Rumble emanzini amagundane amaqatha, kwiimimandla ezinqamlezela izintuthwane ezinzima zokusebenza, kunye ne-fly fly angry and busy with their own beetles and bumblebees. Sebevele bevuthwa ngotshani, ukuxubha, njenge-ruby exabisekileyo, ama-strawberry berries. Ihlathi lasehlobo lihle.

Ihlathi lisinikela?

Oko kukhula ehlathini kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwaye kuyinandi.

Makhe sithethe ngezipho eziwusizo zeentlobo nganye zehlathi esizihlolisayo.

Ihlathi elinqabileyo linikeza ezininzi iintlobo zeenkowa ezidliwayo. Kukho kwakhona ukungenakwenzeka kuyo, ngoko kufuneka uqaphele, kwaye ungakhethi amakhowe ukuba awuzi kakuhle.

Kukho amajikijolo kwihlathi elichithwayo. Ngentwasahlobo kunye nehlobo, i-strawberries, ihlathi lekwindla liphatha i-blackberry evuthiweyo kwaye inja ekhethekileyo iyaphuma. Ngamahlumela ekwindla ekwindla nawo ayaculwa - esondlo kwaye, ngelanga, sele ikhona isidlo esingaqhelekanga.

Ewe, kunjalo, izityalo zonyango, umzekelo, i-yarrow, motherwort.

Ihlathi le-taiga (okanye i-coniferous) licebile kwiincinci. Ziyingozi kakhulu, zilula ukugaya kwaye zizityebi kwizondlo.

Ihlathi lePine lisinika izityalo ezixabisekileyo nezisebenzayo njenge-thyme (itholakala kuyo yenza isiraphu epholileyo kunye neyobuhlungu) kunye ne-cladonia, ebizwa nangokuthi i-deer lichen.

Abemi behlathi abasengozini

Nangona ubuhle behlathi, ungakulibali ukuba kunokuyingozi apha. Ngaphambi kokuya ehlathini, kuyafaneleka ukuba ufunde ngeengozi ezinokwenzeka.

• Inyoka. Ezi zibizi eziyingozi zifihla ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yeendwendwe ezingenamthetho. Kukho phantse kuwo onke amahlathi. Ngoko ke, ukuba uya ehlathini, qiniseka ukuba uyanyamekela izicathulo ezivaliweyo zempahla eninzi. Kuya kukhusela iinyawo zakho kungekuphela kwintlanzi yokuluma, kodwa ukusuka kuma-punctures kunye nemiqwenga ngamagatsha abukhali.
• Izigulane. Bona, njengenyoka, baphila phantse yonke indawo. Ukuzikhusela okulungileyo kunabo kuyilumkiso. Hamba uzungeze i-lace enkulu yewebhu.
• Iikiti. Zingaba yingozi kakhulu kwaye zingabonakali nje kuphela, kodwa zinokulimaza kakhulu impilo yakho. Yonke into yokuba abanye babo bangabathwala isifo esibi-encephalitis. Ngoko ke, kungcono, xa uhamba ehamba ehlathini, ukubeka iimpahla zendalo ezivaliweyo, kwaye ekhaya uhlolisise wena kunye neentsapho zakho ngokufumaneka kwamakethi. Ukuba le nambuzane inobungozi ifunyenwe, kuyimfuneko ukudibana nodokotela. Uya kususa ikethi, kwaye umzimba wakhe uya kuthunyelwa uviwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ayikho incephalitic.
• Ummi. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba umiyane lunokulimaza impilo. Nangona ungeyingozi yokubetha, kungcono ukuphatha indawo evulekileyo yomzimba (ubuso, izandla) kunye neentlobo ezikhethiweyo okanye iikram.
• Izinyosi zasendle kunye neengcavu zibeka ingozi ngexesha lokubunjwa kwee-swarms okanye kwintshatyalalo engoziyo okanye ngokuzikhethela kwezidleke zazo. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kulungele ukusebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa ngaphambi kokuya ehlathini.
• Amakhowe angabonakaliyo awonakalisa ubomi abaninzi beendlela zokunyusa ngamakhowa angenasiphako. Kwaye abo basinda emva kokuzidla ngengozi ngenxa yokutya, abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngempilo entle. Musa ukukhetha amakhowe ukuba awuqondi kakuhle iindidi zazo kwaye ukhumbule ukuba iintlobo ezinokutya ezinokutya zingabunobuthi xa uziqhawula kwiindawo ezingcolileyo okanye kwindawo exakekileyo.
• Izityalo ezinetyhefu. Ukongezelela kuma-mushroom, ehlathini unokuhlangabezana nezilwanyana ezinobungozi. Ngokomzekelo, sikhula i-berger i-good and irrigation "berger berries". Kukho, nangona isikhalazo sangaphandle singenakukwazi, kuba sinobuhlungu obukhulu kunye nokuxiliswa komzimba.
• Iibhokhwe zasendle. Iibhokhwe zasendle zizilwanyana ezinobungozi. Ngokukodwa abantu abanokugonyana banokuba ngabafazi, okukhusela ihagu zabo. Ukuba usibonile izibopho ze-brood ehlathini, ukhetho olungcono okanye ubaleke, okanye umthi omude, oya kukukhusela kumama onomsindo.
• Abaxhasi. Izilwanyana ezithandayo azihlali kuzo zonke ihlathi. Ngenxa yoko, asiyi kubahlala kuzo. Masithi nje kungcono ukuba ungayi ehlathini apho abahlala khona bephila khona, kuba ngeli xesha lolo suku bathanda ukuzingela.

Ekugqibeleni

Ihlathi libutyebi bomhlaba ongeke lugqitywe. Isinika izityalo ezininzi ezincedo, amajikijolo nama-mushroom. Kwakhona ikhaya labemi abaninzi: izilwanyana kunye neentaka, izinambuzane kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zehlathi: ezithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezihamba phambili zincinci, i-coniferous (ebizwa ngokuba yi-tundra) kwaye ixutywe. Kulowo nalowo uhlala kubemi bawo, abahlala bekhululekile ngokuchanekileyo kwezi meko.

Ihlathi liguqula indlela yalo yobomi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunyaka. Ngoko, ihlathi ebusika lihle kwaye lizaliswe ngothando oluhle kakhulu, kwaye ehlobo - iintlobo zeevenkile kunye nama-berries amnandi.

Nangona i-charm yehlathi, ingozi ingalindela abahambi abangaqapheliyo. Kufana nezityalo ezinobuthi, kunye neenyoka okanye izinambuzane. Xa uhamba ukuhamba, kufuneka uqaphele ingqalelo iimpahla zakho kunye nezicathulo, ukuba kuyimfuneko yokusebenzisa izihlunu. Oku kuya kunceda ukugcina impilo kunye nokukusindisa kwiinkathazo ezininzi.

Ihlathi liyimiphophu yomhlaba, lihlambulula umoya, eluncedo kakhulu. Zichitha ixesha elingaphezulu ehlathini, kwiipiksiki okanye ekuhambeni-kwaye oku kuya kuba nempembelelo emihle kungekhona kuphela kwimpilo yakho, kodwa nakwimoya yakho. Kodwa musa ukulibala malunga nemigaqo yokuziphatha. Musa ukudiliza imithi emininzi, musa ukutshabalalisa izilwanyana kunye neentaka zeentaka kwaye, oko kubaluleke kakhulu, ungashiyi intaba yemfucuza emva kokuhamba kwakho. Akusibi nje kuphela, kodwa kunobungozi kubemi abaninzi behlathi abangakwazi ukulimala malunga namathini kunye neebhotile okanye badle i-cellophane wrappers baze bafe. Ukuhlonela nokuthanda imvelo, ukuba ufuna ukuba impilo yakho ibe nempilo.