Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich umqambi Russian, intloko "oligorha nanjengesinde": biography, ubuchule

Umqambi inkulu Russian Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, ogama imisebenzi nangoku singalahlekani ukufaneleka kwayo, yaziwa nje ngomsebenzi wayo wokudala obalaseleyo, kodwa njengoko ngumseki kunye inspirer yonke ikhosi umculo Russian.

Childhood noSapho

Indawo awazalelwa kuyo umqambi ngoJanuwari 2, 1837 e-Nizhny Novgorod. Uyise, Balakirev Aleksey Konstantinovich Imvelaphi titular noceba ezindilekileyo, unina ozibandakanye abantwana. Family ebekholelwa zamaKristu yemveli, kwaye inkwenkwe wakhula kholiwe kunene, wada uXola ikhaya lakhe, ebiza "ubhishophu elizayo." Ukholo ukuphila kwabo kuhlala sihloko ebalulekileyo Balakirev. Ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala umntwana abonisa ubuchule zomculo, kunye nomama wam uye walibona.

La mava zokuqala zomculo

Sele iminyaka 6-7 Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich phantsi kweliso umama uqala ukufunda ukudlala ipiyano, ebonisa inkqubela ebonakalayo. Ukuze ukunika unyana wakhe izakhono ilungileyo, umama kuthatha naye eMoscow. Apho wayebambe ikhosi emfutshane ipiyano ubuchule kule umqambi odumileyo kunye notitshala Aleksandra Dyubyuka. Ke ekhaya, uyaqhubeka ukuphuhlisa isixhobo phantsi kolwalathiso nomdlali zasekuhlaleni kunye nomqhubi K. Eyzeriha. Loo mvumi wazisa Balakirev noAlesandire Dmitrievich Ulybysheva, abakhusela ubugcisa, wayeyimvumi engahlawulwayo, utitshala, oye wadlala indima ebaluleke gqitha kubomi umqambi. Indlu yakhe malunga uluntu okhanyayo abacinga zasekuhlaleni, ababhali, iimvumi, iikonsathi zaye zabanjwa ukuze kuxoxwe kwiingxaki zobugcisa. Apha ukuba usibekile isiseko kwinkangeleko ubuhle Balakirev.

ekufundeni

UMama umqambi elizayo wafa kusasa, ukuba aphelise kwizifundo ngendlela Balakirev umculo. Kamva, uyise watshata kwakhona, umvuzo wakhe ayifiki banokwaneleyo abangaphila ngako kwintsapho enkulu, intlawulo zokufunda sasingakwazi ukuya. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-12, le nkwenkwe wathunyelwa Nizhny Novgorod wabanumzana Institute, apho wafumana imfundo yamabanga ngokuxhaphaza ungunyana wabanumzana yasekuhlaleni. kwiminyaka emine emva koko wafumana ntliziyo kwiYunivesithi Kazan kwi-Mathematics kwiSebe, kodwa wakwazi prouchitsya phezu nje konyaka, imali ukuze imfundo ephakamileyo ebinazo, wayeza bazixhase ngokunika izifundo zomculo. Ngexesha izifundo zakhe, Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich wabhala imisebenzi zomculo lokuqala: iingoma, amaqhekeza nepiyano.

ebiza

Ukubona italente ezicacileyo omfana, Ulybyshev ngo-1855 kuthatha kuye eSt Petersburg, apho athi adibane naye umqambi Russian uMikhail Glinka.

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich, umculo apho kube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi, wabonisa izenzo zabo Crash waza wafumana indumiso ophezulu kakhulu kunye neziphakamiso wanikela ubomi bakhe ubhala umculo. emva konyaka omnye, sizama umbhali ezinqabileyo kuluntu alityatye lokuqala umculo, kwakunye bt njenge ipiyano kunye umqhubi ekwenzeni Concert yakhe Allegro for Piano kunye Orchestra. Le yokusebenza iye kakuhle kakhulu ezifunyenwe yi abagxeki kunye noluntu, Balakirev kwamenywa ukusebenza kumakhaya afumileyo, iye yanceda ukusombulula iingxaki zemali ze umqambi, kodwa odlayo ixesha elininzi. Musician wake wathi kuye njengoko umdali iinjongo zesizwe Russian waba uphawu yakhe.

Umendo msebenzi

Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, umsebenzi zigazi ngokuya ethandwa, ngelixa ehamba ishedyuli esebenzayo kwikonsathi, lijikeleza ngezangqa yehlabathi. Kodwa kuthatha ixesha nomgudu elininzi kakhulu, waza wabona injongo yakhe kokuqamba umculo alaqhenqetha izimvo eziphambili. Oku kunciphisa inani zokungenelela, nangona kuchaphazela kakubi ubume bezemali zawo, waza wagqiba ekubeni azinikele umculo nokukhanya.

Balakirev and "oligorha bembalwa"

Ngasekupheleni-imi- 50 kwinkulungwane XIX Balakirev uza nenani leemvumi: A. S. Dargomyzhskim, V. V. Stasovym, A. N. Serovym. Ngaloo abunjwe isangqa, nto leyo zaziwa njenge "oligorha kwabambalwa". abaxhasi abaninzi bathetha malunga bayahlelwa omculo kazwelonke, kokuxoxa ngomsebenzi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, eli qela ajoyina abaqambi kakhulu oBukhosi Russian UNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Borodin, Mussorgsky, inc'a Ts. Balakirev sibonile nganye aba bafana umculo kaThixo ukukhanya kwabanceda ukuze isipho, ukwakha nendlela yabo somculo. Omnye ufumana iqela olomeleleyo ababhali, nganye isebenza ngendlela yayo, kodwa ngokudibeneyo ukunceda omnye ukuvelisa uhlobo kazwelonke enye.

Le Group aza ukunxibelelana kunye nabameli nezazi okudala ixesha bakhe nabagxeki Turgenev, A. Grigorovich, Pisemsky A., I. Repin. ubudlelwane Vala kwaye ezintsonkothileyo iqinile abaqambi P. I. Chaykovskim, apho i "oligorha nanjengesinde" waba elinamandla. Iimvumi ayehla ukukhuthazwa izimvo yobuhlanga kwimizobo, leyo kwindawo avant-garde kwinkcubeko Russian.

Ngu 70 kunyaka th le band sichithakele, kodwa izimvo zalo baqhubeka ubomi nokuphuhlisa. "Onamandla bembalwa" washiya uphawu ebalulekileyo umculo Russian, kwifuthe lazo A. elaziwayo Liadov, Arensky, S. Lyapunov, Ippolitov-ivanov, nkqu nenkcubeko zomculo French kwakukho kakuhle eyaziwayo "ezintandathu" yi Erik Satie kunye Zhana Kokto, ngokuphinda umendo 'izandla oligorha ".

umsebenzi wokufundisa

Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, ogama engobomi kunxulunyaniswa ngonaphakade umculo, wenza igalelo elikhulu ukuyilwa yesikolo kazwelonke. Ngowe-1862, kunye ne-G. Lomakin, umbexeshi wekwayala Balakirev ukudala umculo kwisikolo simahla, eyaba liziko lemfundo, ubhengezo yobugcisa yesizwe kunye kwindawo yokuqala yemfundo zomculo abaninzi.

Esekelwa umbusi inyathelo zeemvumi, ngoko abaququzeleli nethuba lokuphuhlisa njengesiphango yomsebenzi. Lahlela iikonsathi lwabafundi, wathabatha esikolweni bonke abo banabo ubuchule, kodwa akaba nako ukuhlawula iifizi. Esi sikolo wafundisa uqeqesho indlebe, isixhobo somculo kunye kwezwi. Balakirev waba ngumlawuli yeziko umbhexeshi ekonsathini. Kwisiqingatha sesibini se-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane XIX, isikolo yaba kukunqongophala nokoyika ngemali, leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni unciphiso kakhulu umsebenzi wayo. Balakirev usahamba zinzima kakhulu, ude kushiya isithuba lomlawuli okwethutyana.

Kodwa ngo-1881 wabuyela kwisikhundla uMlawuli umntwana ozithandayo kunye isikolo uhlala ethembekile de kube sekupheleni. Ngowe-1883, Balakirev phantsi ukusekelwa TI Filippova waba Managing Court Chapel, apho italente yakhe bombutho luncedo zokufundisa. Iphucula inkqubo lokufundisa Chapel, uphucula component yezenzululwazi egqwesileyo Uyala, ukumema ukufundisa Rimsky-Korsakov, acwangcise udidi okhestra, kakhulu kuphucula umgangatho wobomi kwabafundi, lwakha isakhiwo esitsha ecaweni. Ngowe-1894 wayishiya ecaweni yobunkokheli kwaye umva nge cash akananto eqinileyo, ukususela ngelo xesha akwazi ukuzinikela kuye yokubhala.

umsebenzi Musical

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich bonke ubomi bakhe ukwenza umculo, umsebenzi wakhe waqalisa ukubhala ezi iingoma zokuqala engahlawulwayo kunye amaqhekeza nepiyano. Imisebenzi Umqambi waqala kakhulu baphenjelelwa uMikhail Glinka, abadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi njengemvumi. Ngowe-1866, Glinka, Balakirev bayamenywa ukuba akhokele ukuveliswa opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" yaye "Zobomi Tsar" yemidlalo yasePrague. Musician wabonisa umsebenzi omkhulu waza wabonisa italente umqhubi lakhe ngokuphathelele kulo msebenzi, nto leyo yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kunye negalelo ekomelezeni indawo Balakirev ehlabathini umculo.

Ngowe-1860, umqambi ayehamba iVolga, eqokelela iingoma boatmen, owathi kamva wathabatha imilo ekuqokeleleni umculo, makhe senze eninzi ingxolo kwinkcubeko yethu. Ngowe-1862, 1863 no-m 1868 iminyaka uya eCaucasus, ukususela uluvo ziye nokwadala umsebenzi mvumi. Kungekudala, umqambi bayamenywa ukuba aqhube Ikonsathi ye-Imperial Russian Musical Society, kodwa 1869 wanyanzelwa ukuba ushiye isithuba.

Uqala ixesha nzima kubomi Balakirev, umqambi phantsi ukuhlukumeza kunye isithunzi, oko kubangela ukuba umothuko ngokwasengqondweni, yaye kangangeminyaka eliqela yena lathotywa kakhulu umsebenzi yakhe yokudala. Ngowe-1881, wabuyela umculo, kodwa ukhathazeke kakhulu kwicala Wena mboni, abhale kancinane, kodwa ngeli xesha kukho, imisebenzi abaqolileyo eziliqela womelele, ezifana mbongo Symphonic "uTamara".

Ekupheleni kwale 90 kufike ixesha lokugqibela lokudala kunye nemveliso kakhulu yobomi umqambi bakhe. Abhale okuninzi umculo ngenxa ipiyano, ukusebenza umbongo Symphonic "Rus" yaye "Xa Czech Republic."

lemveli creative

Umqambi Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, iminyaka yobomi inikwa uphendlo ukuze baphile, imfundo kunye nokufundisa, eshiya zililifa encinane, kodwa ezibalulekileyo. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe enkulu iquka umculo for "uKumkani Lear", lo fantasy nepiyano "Islam" unyango ezimandundu kakhulu zezinye abaqambi, ukuthandana malunga 2 elinesibini kunye iingoma, symphony ezimbini.

impilo Personal

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich ndandiwuthanda, uhlobo Nutty babekwe kwiimeko zobomi nzima. Bonke ubomi bakhe ngesithomo yayimfutshane yemali, yena haunted ziintshaba zamgculela, waququzelela iphulo nxamnye umqambi kumaphepha-ndaba. Ubunzulu omkhulu yeengxaki zemali udubuleke 1872, xa eekonsathi zezikolo kuphela ukuzanga ukuba nenzuzo, kodwa akanako badlule. Ukongeza kuyise le umqambi ofayo, kwaye emagxeni akhe oba banyamekele-ntle oodade abancinane. Imvumi e lithemba, uza ekuphasalakeni luvo, nokuba wacinga ngokuzibulala.

Ngowe-1874, Balakirev eshiya isikolo esiya ulawulo ivenkile Warsaw kaloliwe njengento underling, aphinde aqale ukunika izifundo zomculo. Nam amandla okanye ixesha ukuba uqhagamshelana nabahlobo abenazo, kwaye isuka isangqa ka-nye nonke, akuthethi ukuqamba umculo. Yaba lelona xesha linzima ebomini bakhe. Balakirev wafumana indlela unqulo, waba ozinikeleyo kakhulu yaye ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukubuyela esiqhelweni. Ngowe-1881, xa ebuya emsebenzini esikolweni, isimo sakhe sengqondo endaweni ephantsi. Ezenzeka ebomini, nothando umculo akazange avunyelwe ukuba Balakirev ukudala usapho zabo, waza waphila bachelor, ubuchule okumnandi.

Umqambi waphila ubomi obude ngokupheleleyo ubomi, wafa ngoMeyi 29, 1910 kwaye wangcwatywa Tikhvin Amangcwaba.

facts umdla biography

Ubomi izele ngabantu creative isoloko amahla-ndinyuka, iziganeko ezahlukeneyo, hayi ngaphandle, yaye Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich. olunika umdla zenza uluhlu enkulu, kukho kwakhona nithe matshamatsha. Ngoko ke, nazo zonke yemfaneleko umqambi hayi kuphela kwinkcubeko Russian, kodwa yonke umculo yaseYurophu nasiphi na isixeko ehlabathini, yena akazange ukubeka litye lesikhumbuzo. Ke enye le zikolo best umculo eYurophu, ukuba ihlabathi, ibekwe eMoscow, ngokuzingca ebizwa ngegama lakhe.

Balakirev umntwana uyafa, wayesoloko watshutshiswa behlaselwa yintloko kabuhlungu neyenza ukuba lithemba. Ngenye ngxaki elide, wada wayefuna ukuba uhambe uye eMonastri, kodwa ngethamsanqa, esi sifo ewuthile, kwaye Umqambi kwi ubomi yehlabathi.

imfundo yabo, enyanisweni, unyanzelekile ukuba Balakirev ngokwakhe, wasebenza nzima phezu ubuchule bakhe yaye kuphuculwe. Noko ke, xa athe wacelwa kwiminyaka evuthiwe, wamiselwa Unjingalwazi Moscow Conservatory, umqambi wala kuba akazange abe kwemfundo.