Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence: ukubuyekeza neefoto

Basilica of Santa Croce (Florence) - enye iicawa eziphambili esixekweni kunye nebandla inkulu Franciscan ehlabathini, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-13 emva kwexesha kwi indlela sale Gothic, waduma kela Florence ngenxa yenani elikhulu emangcwabeni apho sangcwatywa abaninzi abadumileyo Italy.

Imbali lwesakhiwo

Ngokutsho legend, umseki Santa Croce nguye Frantsisk Assizsky (wafa ngo-1226), umxhasi ongcwele Italy, owashiya azizityebi, ukuba anike abantu ingcamango zenguquko noxolo. Nangona ekwakhiweni kwayo waqala ngo 1295 kwisiza kwe ubugagu encinane eyakhelwe yi-Franciscans, kufutshane Arno River. Igama Santa Croce (Florence) - Church of the Holy Cross in Italian. uye wathwala le projekthi ye A. di Cambio, a nomkroli zasekuhlaleni kunye umakhi ngaphandle. Ukwakhiwa phezu imali iintsapho abazizityebi sale ndlela, ngubani wakugqala njengelungelo ukuxhasa ulwakhiwo yokuhlala engcwele, yaye waqhubeka phantse 150 iminyaka. Wawungcwalisa kwindlu yonqulo ngo 1443 ngu Pope Eugene 4.

Inkangeleko icawa zatshintsha izihlandlo eziliqela ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi emva kodonga Santa Croce (Florence): Photo of kwenkulungwane ye-19. kubonisa a unadorned ngokupheleleyo. Inkangeleko yangoku olungaphambili 3 iminyango, ezihonjiswe emarmore emhlophe, wenziwa kuphela 1853-1863 gg. umyili N. Matas isimbo neo-, isiGothic kwi-mali IsiNgesi amaProtestanti, ingakumbi van'wankumi yaseBritani FJ. Sloane. Kungenxa yoko le nto uhombiso wabonakala blue-waveza ezintandathu Star kaDavide, elingelilo uphawu lobuKristu.

Florence Basilica of Santa Croce (ifoto kunye nenkcazo)

Eyona inxalenye yesakhiwo zenziwe ngohlobo umnqamlezo ezimile T-. Kule leminyaka edlulileyo ngokuthe ngcembe macala onke wongezelela izakhiwo ezingaphandle (ndlwana). Amacandelo asezantsi kwindlu yonqulo leyo ezihonjiswe Iiveranda ezintle, eliphezulu - French iifestile. Kwicala lasekhohlo isakhiwo idlula nesezindlu zezulu nokukhanya neengqameko.

Intshabalalo yenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-16., Ngowe-1512 nenqaba endala yohlulwa umphezulu, oko kuphila kuphela 1847 iprojekthi J. Bakkani, kwaye ngoku ayilolongezo enkulu kwisakhiwo esikhulu.

Basil Santa Croce, Florence ikwaquka 3 sigodlo, omnye eziyilwe A.di Cambio. Eyesibini, ibekwe emazantsi, ziyilwe yi Brunelleschi kwaye igqalwa enye maxe- eliligugu Florence. A loonongendi elincinane 3 (13.) Ivala iqela imibutho ezingaqhelekanga Franciscan.

Front ibandla Santa Croce endaweni yembutho oqingqiweyo ka wabe, okudalwe nomkroli E. Patsii ngo 1865. Ngaphambili, waba embindini, kodwa emva koko wachukumiseka ngenxa iziganeko kufutshane sakhiwo.

Le ingaphakathi Santa Croce

Inxalenye engaphakathi iquka ubude isithuba esikhulu omkhulu ka-115 m, wenza kusetyenziswa yoyilo ezizodwa. Oku kubonakala kakhulu balo isixhobo bahlukana iintsika ezimbini osecaleni nkqo 8 icandelo carbon, nto leyo ngqo phezulu ukusuka Arch etsolo.

Ngexesha ngaphakathi sisigqibo Basilica wayengumshumayeli onesibindi engaqhelekanga, evumela ayivalele kwezinye izakhiwo zonqulo kweso sixeko. Ukukhanya udlula ngaphakathi ye window kaMoses A.Gaddi.

Ngenkulungwane ye-16. icawa kwakhona izicwangciso-, ngenxa oko (kwi ekuphelisweni ziingcali) uphelelwe kancinane ngenxa yobuhle bayo. Zidlulela wenza uhlobo umqadi, kwaye ibekwe amangcwaba umgangatho, abahlala phantse isithuba lonke zendlu.

Isibingelelo libandla esekelwe

Le esekelwe ukuze ayivathise iindonga kufuphi nesibingelelo engundoqo, eyenziwe A. lizwi lalithethwe nguGadi (1387) esekelwe ilivo of the Cross True. Kwicala lasekunene: Michael isebe zingelosi zomthi Ukudluliswa ngolwazi, ukumkanikazi waseShebha nonqulo lwakhe kumthi emnqamlezweni, nabanye ngasekhohlo - eSt Helena ulitshitshisile Cross Holy eYerusalem, ngoko ke ukumkani wasusa uPercy wakhe, umlawuli yaseByzantium uHeraclius ibuyisela Cross eYerusalem, njalo-njalo ... d. eqatywe kwakhona aqulathe nobuninzi isigcawu zasekhaya kunye iintsomi. Beautiful iifestile ezindala iglasi nebala zenziwa ngenkulungwane ye-14.

polyptych esibingelelweni, ebhalwe ngu N. Gerini, ichaza Madonna kunye Mntwana, iiphaneli ecaleni zenziwa yi amanye amagcisa, phaya phezulu - "Emnqamlezweni", ayiqabe yi iinkosi zesikolo Giotto.

Isithsaba yi isibingelelo yenye Imizobo ezizodwa ibandla - "The Emnqamlezweni", nto leyo wadalwa yi inkosi Cimabue. Kulo mfanekiso enkulu (4,5h3,9 m), ibekwe emnqamlezweni ngomthi, uthathwa inguqulelo onomtsalane lokubethelela. Noko ke, isikhukula 1966 Lo msebenzi kakubi kangangokuba ezonakeleyo ukuba nkqu imizamo ukubuyiselwa ukungabi nako ukubuyisela kuyo ngokupheleleyo.

Chapel ibandla

Ngaphakathi ibandla Santa Croce (Florence) ibekwe transepts Chapel (iiyure) 16, nganye kukho ulwandiso enye. Chapel Zazihonjiswe esekelwe ezizodwa eqingqiweyo kweenkulungwane ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo zenziwa artists edume Italy: Matteo Rosell, J ku San Giovanni, fra Bartolomeo, J. Lee Bondone kunye nabafundi bakhe ...

Eyona idumileyo:

• Chapel Maggiore ngomfanekiso "Legend of St. Cross" A.Gaddi eyenziwa (1380).
• CASTELLANI Wena mboni, kunye esekelwe ngu A. lizwi lalithethwe nguGadi ngemiboniso ubomi Abangcwele (1385).
• Baronchelii Chapel kunye engcwabeni nosapho kunye namahlwempu, ayiqabe yi T. lizwi lalithethwe nguGadi "Madonna", kwelinye ezindongeni - mibala nobomi Virgin Mary.
• Rinuccini Chapel ke wizard uYohane. Di Milano, obonisa ubomi uMariya waseMagadala kunye Virgin Mary (1379).
• Peruzzi yingcwele iqulethe umfanekiso yobomi uMbhaptizi J. and I. Evangelist, ayiqabe yi Giotto.
• Capella Bardi - kusibonisa ubomi FR WaseAssisi (igcisa Giotto).
• Okunye Chapel (Medici Tosin, Pulci et al.) Kwakhona igcina art nanto.

Ngaphakathi Basilica lakhiwe eMonastri eyadini, ukusuka nalo ufikelelo ecaweni. Ngoko ke, Cappella dei Pazzi, ebizwa ngokuba "gem yokwenene Renaissance Early," ezihonjiswe imisebenzi ezintle Brunelleschi (1443), zinokuhonjiswa iinkosi odumileyo Italian D. da Settignano, L. imicimbi Robbia, J .. Da Maia. Phambi ndlwana yi pronaos eziquka columns aseKorinte. Ngowe-1461, yena, wayifulela a lwale encinane.

Kela Santa Croce

Xa ibandla Santa Croce (Florence) kulala abantu idumileyo Italy abemi abazukileyo Florence. Inxalenye mangcwaba - oyinyaniso, wangcwatyelwa apho abadumileyo abafileyo, ngoxa abanye ekuthiwa cenotaphs, - amangcwaba loo nto ziqulathe isidumbu.

Santa Croce ithathwa indawo awazalelwa kuyo Renaissance, njengoko Monument iqulethe engcwabeni L. UBruni, lo mgaqo-Italian, okudalwe inkosi ngo-1444
B. Rossellino. Le lesikhumbuzo singezantsi singangumzekelo imisebenzi elizayo le Renaissance, kuquka elaa K. Marsuppini kufuphi eludongeni elingasentla ibandla.

Emangcwabeni idumileyo ibekwe ecaleni eludongeni ekunene nezivalo wasezantsi:

• Monument UMichelangelo-umhlola wambumba Vazari inkosi (1579), kunye nobuninzi amaqhosha zomsebenzi kunye eqingqiweyo J. Battista kunye B. Ciol. Nangona kaMichelangelo wafa eRoma, kodwa ezabiwa ukuba ndimngcwabe yena kowabo. Ekuqhubeni umsebenzi wayo, kwaye ngokwemvume usodolophu Florence, AL Buanarotti weba umzimba kaMichelangelo eRome, wazisa ngokufihlakeleyo kuye apha.

• Cenotaph wabe Aligeri kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo amagorha esenziwe nomkroli Ricci (1829) imisebenzi yakhe.
• Monument Machiavelli ukusebenza Spinatsii (1787).
• Engcwabeni UGalileo Galilei, owafa ngowe-1642, kunjalo, ngenxa kukuvalwa icawa bangangcwatywa ngohlobo isiko lamaKristu de 1737. ke umzimba wakhe yathathwa wazibeka icawa, ukukrola kunye umhlola of UGalileo wenza Dzh.Battista Foggini.

• Eliyinhloko Umqambi George. Rossini, ngubani ukudunyiswa opera waseItali "I Barber waseSeville." kweminyaka 9 emva kokufa ngo-1868 e-Paris, wanyakamiswa umzimba wakhe ithuthelwe Pere Lachaise emangcwabeni baza bamngcwabela Florence apha.
• Ilitye mbali kunye namazwe N. Machiavelli.
• Engcwabeni Joseph uNapoleon kunye nentombi yakhe kunye nabanye.

Xa iyonke, ibandla bamngcwaba phantse 300 abavela amanqugwala, ilitye ngamnye ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo kunye BAS-imikrolo.

anika umdla

Enye ezinomtsalane ibandla - wenza sale Oliver Fedi ngo 1883. oqingqiweyo ka Isihobe, azinikele imemori imbongi wemidlalo J. Battista Nikollini .. Oku ifakiwe engcwabeni lakhe Basilica yaseSt Cross.

Eli nani efana kakhulu Statue of Liberty, umsebenzi nomkroli omkhulu French FR Bartholdi (1887). siyazi njani Bartholdi ngo-1870 wayehlala Florence yaye kuyabonakala ukuba waphefumlelwa umsebenzi nomkroli Italian.

umdla omkhulu phakathi abakhenkethi ke cenotaph wembongi edumileyo jante (1265-1321), ibekwe ibandla Santa Croce (Florence). Ibali engcwabeni wembongi, edume yakhe 'Divine Comedy "kwaye wadala lemfundo Italian mihla, sahlala iminyaka emakhulu eliqela. Emva kokufa imbongi Florence usaziva isixeko Ravenna ilungelo ukuthutha kungcwaba isidumbu sakhe, Noko ke, abakwazi ukufezekisa oku. Kwathi ngenkulungwane ye-14. nandzu kubalawuli kunye nabemi Florence, ababegxothiwe ukusuka emzini wabo wabe nokutshekishwa kukukhatywa kunye izimvo nenkcaso. Umbhali waya Ravenna, apho wafela khona. Xa Florence wambongoza ukuba ayinike uthuthu wabe, i Ravenna akazange avume, yaye ukususela ngoko sarcophagus e Santa Croce umi ayinanto.

Santa Croce: indawo, iiyure iirobhothi, amaxabiso

Ukuze ufumane kwindlu yonqulo edumileyo, uza Piazza Santa Croce (Florence), apho kuya kubanceda nto. Le ndawo ngemihla yaba indawo ngeendibano kunye lemidlalo, ibe ngoku indawo kwimisitho, imidlalo kunye Ikonsathi. Wazithwala kwakhona phandle maxa wambi kukhuphiswano sale ekhatywayo, apho abadlali bambethe izinxibo yamandulo ukukhuphisana imithetho enzima ubudala.

E Santa Croce (Florence) iiyure imyuziyam-ibandla ukusuka 9.30 ukuya 17,30 phakathi evekini ngeMigqibelo, iiholide zikawonke - ukususela 14,00 ukuya 17.00.

Inani ibandla amatikiti: 8 euro, izaphulelo amatikiti kubantwana abaminyaka yobudala eyi-11-17, abafundi - 4 euro, ukwamkelwa simahla kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-11 ubudala, abahlali Florence, abakhubazekileyo kunye ehamba.

reviews

Abakhenkethi abatyelela ibandla ezintle Santa Croce (Florence), njengomboniso ezimbejembeje abaziingangamsha: yingcwele zonke ngaphakathi ibandla - imyuziyam eyahlukileyo, ehambisa imisebenzi amagcisa ezinkulu, ilitye nganye - yinto wobugcisa yobugcisa oqingqiweyo. Iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo ahleliweyo umbhali odumileyo Stendhal, abo batyelela Basilica: imincili kumda kwi ngokukoyika. Kanye umbono ofanayo esi sakhiwo omkhulu kubantu mihla.