Beatniks - it ... Inkangeleko, inkcubeko kunye kwiincwadi Beat

Ngamanye amaxesha kwincoko phakathi abantu liveni ilizwi efana "hipster". Mhlawumbi umntu akayiqondi intsingiselo yalo. Enyanisweni, i-beatniks - igama eye yavela ibhekisela amalungu inkcubeko ethile. Eli gama livela isizukulwana isingqi, ukukhankanywa esavela 1940. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala gama olucetywayo ngowe-1958, oko kwakuthetha ezinawo ezithile zentlalo kubantu abatsha kwinkulungwane XX, leyo waphawulwa ngenxa balo nangokungabahloniphi ukulahlwa imilinganiselo emveli lenkcubeko yabantu.

Njani lo gama

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba bit-isizukulwana (ukubetha isizukulwana) kunye IsiNgesi eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "ukubetha isizukulwana." Kuba okokuqala ukuzimisela enjalo sho uJack Kerouac. He kubhekwa enye amanani iphambili kolu xinzelelo. Ngokutsho imfundiso yakhe, esi sizukulwana abantu beza indawo ezidlulileyo, koko wathi "zinyamalale". Usenokucinga ukuba ibinzana elithi "beatnik" elaqanjwa Kerouac, kodwa oku akuyonyani. Eli gama wabonakala ngandlel kamva, ngo-1958. Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba ngexesha lokusekwa ilizwi ulwimi Russian belibolekiwe Isimamva "-nik". Inxalenye yokuqala ilizwi, okt isingqi, xa slang iimvumi jazz ixesha saba ixabiso "nendlala" yaye "lithemba." Nangona kunjalo, i Dzhek Keruak abangazange bayamkele kweekota babecinga ukuba asihambelani kakhulu.

Igama elithi "hipster"

Ukuba ulandela inkcazelo yokuqala kwekota, beatniks - Abantu abatsha iindevu, enxibe iimbadada, ngamaxesha amaninzi ukubonwa abazula esixekweni, ehleli iivenkile zekofu. Ngokomthetho akuchaze nazirhorho abalandeli jazz. Eli gama idla okubi, ndafumana ixabiso elincinane ecaphukisayo, yaye ngandlel 'ithile, njengento uhlekisa. Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi ukuba beatniks - lempucuko evelayo phakathi kwinkulungwane XX waza waba ngokubanzi.

Ngokutsho kwabanye, eli gama akazange abe ixabiso ngqo kwaye ekuqaleni wakhonza ukuze ubonise abantu abaninzi abaye ngandlel 'ithile zinamakhonkco ne-bume ubugcisa kwiSixeko saseNew York. Emva kwexesha elithile, ekupheleni kuka-1950, lo gama weza kuthetha abantu abatsha abangazange wayenomdla okhethekileyo ngephupha American - oko kukuthi, umsebenzi ngempumelelo, ikhaya, imoto kunye nezinye izinto eziphathekayo.

imbonakalo awayedla beatnik

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le beatniks - oko kunokuba yindlela yobomi, nditsho indlela. Le ndlela yokuphila kwakuthetha uhlobo bokuhlala yokunxiba. Ngokomthetho beatniks abanxibe fancy kakhulu, bona nangoko olubonakalayo ubunzima enkulu yabantu. Ngokufuthi ukubonakala bale nokuyinto bedidekile kunye nabafundi oqeqesho zobugcisa, ababephakathi abalandeli jazz.

Zangumxholo iimpahla hipster waba ijezi emnyama kunye nentamo ophezulu kunye turtleneck emnyama. Berets kwakhona ethandwayo, maxa wambi beatniks ayenxiba emhlophe T-shirt, ngaphandle ngokuyimfuneko imizobo kunye imibhalo. Ngokufuthi abameli oku babekunye 2 igubu (bongo). Izibuko - esinye sophawu bit-ulwalathiso, bekufanele ukuba luluqilima. Kwakukho iinwele ethile, sigcine ke neenwele ezinde phantsi emagxeni akhe, ngokufuthi ngqo. Izihlangu kakhulu ithandwa phakathi beatniks - a izihlangu lesikhumba emnyama kwiiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo.

Xa sincokola ngayo iimpahla yabafazi, amantombazana becala ayenxiba iikawusi ezimnyama, iithayithi kunye takwabipa. Kwakhona ethandwayo baba nebrukhwe CAPRI kunye ingubo ende, kwakhona emnyama.

Abameli ezaziwayo-kakuhle le meko

Kakade ke, abameli kule nentsingiselo lukhulu. Noko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo ingqalelo umntu othile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izibongo Beat ithatha indawo esembindini ngokwesithethe sabo. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba abantu wema ulwalathiso ezalwa-bit, baba becala ababhali kunye ziimbongi. Ngoko oku bantu 3: Lyusen Karr, Allen Ginsberg kunye Dzhek Keruak. Emva kwethuba oku luhlu zazaliswa igama elinye ngaphezulu - Uilyam Berrouz. Kusenokubonakala ngathi akayi idlala indima ebalulekileyo, kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kuphuhliso ophezulu-bit-inkcubeko. Njengoko yaziwa, loo beatniks - ayikho impahla nje okanye imbonakalo, ukuba ubomi kunye nomgca yokucinga, inkcubeko yawo kunye nemibongo. Ngaba olunye uphando.

"Anthology of Poetry of the Beat": yintoni

Kangangexesha elide inkcubeko layo ubukho bitnicheskoy yabangela imisebenzi ezininzi yoncwadi, kokubini neprowuzi kunye vesi. On isihloko yalo yokuphila iye yabhalwa iseti abameli bit-ulwalathiso. Ngoko ke, le ncwadi wakhululwa ngowe-2004, nto leyo ukuqokelelwa yokuqala yemibongo le Beats, kwakunye ezithile izinto theoretical component kwi-bit-ulwalathiso. "Anthology of the Beat" kucingelwa ukuba uhlelo sikhulu, apho kwaphuma ngexesha ubukho besi isimbo wobomi Russian. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, uninzi imibongo epapashwe kule ncwadi zaguqulelwa Russian okokuqala.

Le ncwadi iqulethe ezinye imizobo zabantu umbhali wodumo beatniks. Ukufunda i ingqokelela eninzi izinto ezikhethekileyo, unako kakhulu ukungena kulo inkcubeko beatnik nokuqonda iingcinga kunye nezimvo kwakusebenza kubo, baza kuxhotyiswa ingqiqo yezalathiso.