Botanical Garden RAS: Uphi na? photo

yomyezo Botanical eli lizwe - i-Russian Academy of Sciences N. V. Tsitsina ingqalelo enkulu kunazo zonke kwilizwe lethu yaye eYurophu. kwehlobo ophelileyo, uyenzile yakhe yokuzalwa 70.

indaba

Ixesha elidlulileyo ngembali zakhiwo igadi yezityalo natyebileyo. Yenziwe njengoko ubhalwe amaxwebhu - 1945. Kulo nyaka, xa amazwe USSR Academy of Sciences kummandla Ostankino Park, kwagqitywa ukuba aququzelele igadi entsha ngezityalo.

iminyaka 400 phezu ummandla "Ostankino" emafeni abo amahlathi kuyo, apho kwakukho saa inemizana. Ezi zindawo kwakuthetha ukuba zokuzingela ixhama kwaye iqulathe huntsmen yasebukhosini. Ukususela 1558 kweli lizwe sele bakhalaza Satinu Alekseyu Ivanom Groznym, batshintsha abanini ezininzi.

Ukususela ngo 1743 "Ostankino" ungena Sheremetievs ezandleni ngenxa umtshato uPetros Borisovich Princess Varvara Cherkassy. Ngapha koko, umfazi elizayo wafumana njengekhazi eninzi ilizwe, kuquka kaZuma. Emva kwexesha, ukhuselo kule ndawo ikhethekileyo abaya ukuba unyana wabo UNikolai Sheremetev. It lazisa ukuvalwa amadlelo, ukugawula izihlahla, ukuzingela, ukuthatha namaqunube neenkowane, kwaye ifuna ulawulo ukuba ukuqala kwi-Ashera "gulyalschikov".

Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX yabalasela kwamahlathi, amadlelo imfuyo zibunjwe, ukutshatyalaliswa olungalawulwayo izilwanyana zasendle neentaka.

Emva kokuba revolution, imithetho sele kudlule sokuluvala ukugawula of izityalo zehlathi park lomthonyama, nto leyo ukwenza ngqongqo kude ngexesha enzima yemfazwe, kwaye oku wasindisa ilifa "Ostankino".

gadi Plants

Botanical Garden RAS, ingakumbi inxalenye yayo engundoqo, - umhlaba Ihlathi Reserved ezizodwa. ukufikelela simahla uAshera apho, mioki yayo kwi-avareji malunga neminyaka 160, nangona kukho iisampulu ezizodwa, apho iminyaka ukuya ku-300. Kukho ezinde, maple, nespruce kunye Aspen, ash intaba, kunye nezinye imithi Kroon bafihla amatyholo ezinkulu :. Hazel, sihlahla, Weeks, edibanise umthi. Ngaphantsi kwekhaphethi enengca of anemones ethe, lungwort, inyibiba elivumba limnandi, sedge engubo ixhonti, Chickweed, kunye nabanye. Bona ukukhula kuphela Ashera oki, ezaziwayo ehlathini standard kumbindi Russian ebanzi-zodonga.

Yonke exposure ingqokelela kunye egadini kunye zendalo ezintle ezilungele ukutyalwa apha kwemioki birches.

Namhlanje, i Botanical Garden Tsitsin RAS - a 331 yeehektare mali collection ezizodwa. Oku ngaphezu kwama-18 000 iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iplanethi yethu. Ngowe-1991, ngo-bume lokucheba engundoqo yomyezo Russian ngezityalo ogama emva kokuba enkulu academician nabadumileyo wayengumfuyi yingcaphephe ngezityalo nengcaphephe yezinto zofuzo Nikolaya Vasilevicha Tsitsina, awonisa ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-35, ukususela kwimini yokuqala kwesiseko salo.

division indawo

Xa uyila msebenzi ephambili kwilungiselelo emyezweni imiboniso zangaphakathi nangaphandle, nto leyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka Kwathi oku okanye loo ndawo yendalo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukubonisa amasebe izilwanyana USSR zazenziwe:

- inxalenye yaseYurophu le Union;

- North Caucasus;

- ndawo eSiberia;

- Asia Central;

- Far East.

Kwimeko nganye kwezi macandelo zidalwe iimeko ezizodwa kufutshane yokwenene. Ezifana: zokulala ekhethekileyo intlabathi, amatye, amachibi okanye imijelo zadalelwa ukunyusa ukufuma, okanye emgceni isilayidi okhethekileyo. Zonke izityalo zaye watyala nendibaniselwano ukuba kwenzeka nohlobo yokwenene.

Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences ovavanyo iintlobo ezintsha zezityalo iye yaba yindawo nokudalwa intshayelelo nursery.

Exposure, namhlanje ekhoyo, wavuka amanye amagama. Bathi isityalo langoku ebonisa eMpuma Ekude, eSiberia, Central Asia, Caucasus naseMpuma Europe.

Indawo omkhulu namhlanje, ungabona izityalo kumathafa, coniferous-zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, coniferous, amahlathi coniferous, iintlango, emaqeleni kunye amadlelo.

Ukukhetha ingqokelela yomyezo ifuna ukususwa echanekileyo izityalo zemvelo. Ngenxa yoku, ukususela ngowe-1946, amaphulo zathunyelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo eSoviet Union. ingqalelo eyodwa yahlawulwa neentlobo ezinqabileyo okanye ezisengozini.

iyantlukwano Floristic egadini esoloko itshintsha. Ingakumbi kwatshintsha ukuba ngo-1990. Namhlanje, umyezo yindawo yabemi RAS kunye neendwendwe aloo mzi.

Iindwendwe aloo mzi, ukutyelela ezinomtsalane ezahlukeneyo kwikomkhulu, qiniseka ukuba beze kwi Botanical Garden of RAS. EMoscow, emele igadi engundoqo ye lizwe, inikeza ukubona ukuba sesichengeni ezahlukeneyo zezityalo.

Exposure flora zeMpuma Yurophu Central Asia, uhlaza

Phantse 6 hectares i flora Ukucaciswa eMpuma Yurophu. It iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300 kunye neentlobo zezityalo: malunga-20 eentlobo zezityalo enemithi, malunga nama-30 iintlobo amatyholo kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zezityalo herbaceous, uninzi ababevela emkhosini waloo Carpathians.

Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences i Tsitsin exposure Central Asia izityalo endala. Eyasekwayo nje phambi kokuba imfazwe kwi unondlwane Hills kwi Moscow Botanical Garden ye-USSR Academy of Sciences. Emva kwemfazwe washukumisa ngenyameko icandelo enezityalo (ibekwe "Ostankino"). Kodwa iye yaba lula iindwendwe kuphela ngo-1953. Apha ukusungulwa zezityalo zendalo kunye neemeko eendawo. Ucoco ntaba nenkqantosi imigodi wadala ngodongwe ephakamileyo. Kule zone linika coniferous kunye amahlathi wofika, nemiqolomba zasezintabeni kunye subalpine, amathafa engca kunye neenduli enamatye, kunye neentlobo ezininzi izityalo ezisengozini. Cinga inxalenye enkulu isiboniso ingaba izilayidi eziphezulu ngumntu.

Exposure kwezityalo zaseCaucasus, eSiberia kunye East Far

Indawo phantse 2.5 hectares yezityalo mboniso kuthatha Caucasus. Kuyinto iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300 izityalo enemithi, kuquka iintlobo-23 ezinqabileyo ezisengozini. Bona ibekwe phezu kwendawo ntaba yokwenziwa nethafa ihlathi.

iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-200 yezityalo abayiqokeleleyo sesichengeni kwezityalo eSiberia. Of avuleke thaca apha iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-50 ingqalelo engozini okanye ezinqabileyo.

Enye onomtsalane ingqokelela - flora mboniso we-East Far. Phantse 400 iintlobo zesi izowuni zifumaneka kwindawo 8.5 hectares.

iindawo weendawo GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences ngo-1950, waqukumbela nokudalwa kwinkcazelo izityalo zasendle luncedo. Zonke iindidi zengca ingaphelelwayo watyala nasentshonalanga, ebumelwaneni, ezithatyathwe indalo. Kukho iindidi ezininzi eli sesichengeni amatyholo kunye nemithi. Abaququzeleli, ukuyila kunye nokutyala izityalo ensembles eyenziwe yokuhlelwa kwazo entsimini yesicelo kwabo kusekelwe.

Inxalenye yokuqala - zizityalo eziyimfuneko ioli, amayeza kunye insecticidal. Baya kuba nefuthe kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwi umntu okanye isilwanyana ilifa iipropati ityhefu.

Isigaba sesibini - isityalo focus zobugcisa. Le ifayibha, ukudaya bed. Ezinjalo izityalo ngaphambili, yaye ngoku kusetyenziswa kolu shishino.

Isahlulo sesithathu - kwezilwanyana kunye nobusi. Izityalo ukuba zidla izilwanyana zasekhaya (hay, silage, idlelo).

Isahlulo sesine - iintlobo zezityalo ukutya. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba ukuxhasa umzimba womuntu. Le vitamin, isongo, iziqholo, iti kunye nastoechnye.

Arboretum

Botanical Garden N. V. Tsitsina RAS igcina uhlobo lomthi kunye ityholwana malunga 1700. Bona abayiqokeleleyo kwintsimi Arboretum (iihektare-75). Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences yayakhelwe ngokodidi landscape yale paka, oko kukuthi, izityalo systematized. Le ndawo intle kakhulu entlakohlaza ekuqaleni ukuya ukuwa ekwindla amagqabi. Kodwa ebusika hayi nihambe ngaphantsi umdla phakathi Conifers likhephu ezigqunywe ukufuya umdak '.

"UHeather kunye Japanese Garden"

Le Arboretum unalo umboniso okhethekileyo - "Heather umyezo". Kuye kwaziswa baseJamani iintlobo ezikhethekileyo Eric phantse 20 ntlobo Heather. Le ibekwe kufuphi kwisakhiwo elebhu kunye engqongwe Conifers, barberry, spirea kunye rozi.

Akukho ingcaciso ecacileyo kangako kunye ezizodwa GBS - "Japanese Garden". We tumbuluxe ngoncedo Umzi wommeli-Japanese kwikomkhulu. Kwiziqithi kwaziswa neentlobo ezizodwa cherry, iintlobo zemithi zokuhomba kummandla kunye imifuno. amalungiselelo kakuhle malunga kwamachibi ngumntu kunye nobuninzi iibhulorho, Pagoda kunye nokwenziwa ngamatye.

ukuqokelelwa umdla kakhulu roses kuthatha malunga 2.5 hectares.

iikopi nanto igqalwa abamba. Bona amazwe waseBrazil, Vietnam, eCuba, Madagascar kunye namanye amazwe kwindawo zemvula. Ngaphezu kwekhulu iintlobo kuzo, zaya kwi-International Red Book.

Le yenja unique kwi Botanical Garden of eMoscow

Ukongeza umsebenzi main uphando, abasebenzi GBS ukwenza engazali kufuywe nokuthengiswa iimbewu nezithole iintlobo ezaziwayo kunye olutsha kwezityalo. Kennel inika zokuthengisa izinto lokutyala imithi zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, imidiliya, amatyholo, ingca unyaka wonke, clematis kunye nemithi yeziqhamo. izityalo athandwa kakhulu kwi Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences. Amaxabiso asezantsi kakhulu, kwaye umgangatho izinto lokulima uphezulu kakhulu. izithole bekwi ekuphunyezweni kwezi zirhoxo ezimbini. Omnye (main) is on esitratweni. Botanical, 31, malunga nomnyango iphambili ye-GBS.

kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa ze-RAS

Botanical Garden bin RAS. Komarova V. L., ibekwe eSt Petersburg, kwisiqithi avumba limnandi. It is a division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Imbali yawo iqala kwinkulungwane XVIII kunye egadini avumba limnandi. It yasekwa Peter I. Ekuqaleni, Kakade ke, bekufanele ukuba akhule izityalo ezingamayeza.

Phakathi kwe XIX avumba limnandi Garden waba lutshabalale omkhulu, kuba inkxaso-mali kuzo zonke kwakungenjalo. Alexander I wanikela umyalelo wakhe V. P. Kochubeyu, ngubani thaca isicwangciso ukuba ngokutsha yomyezo. Ngoku ibe yeyona nto kugxininiswa kuyo imisebenzi yakhe yophando. Ukwabiwa avumba limnandi Garden phantse kabini. Nkqu bahlela emsebenzini zenzululwazi. ngenkuthalo Garden kuphuhliswa de ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX.

Ngokuphathelele ekubhiyozeleni bicentenary le Botanical Garden-1913, wanikwa igama Petra Velikogo. Emva revolution, waba umyezo engundoqo ngezityalo yaseRussia Soviet Republic. Ngelo xesha zokuhlala yakhe yasebukhosini futhi zokugcina zabucala bathunyelwa.

Ngowe-1930 egadini indibaniselwano yesinye isitshixo i-USSR Academy of Sciences. Kunyaka olandelayo, oko kwesele Botanical Museum. Ngenxa yokuba i-Botanical Institute yasekwa. Ngexesha yaye kuvalwe, nangona imigudu zabasebenzi, nasemyezweni eyonakeleyo. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi wokulungisa lwaqhutywa kwixesha post-imfazwe. Ngoku le yinto enkulu umyezo-Arboretum. Yena wayeyoliswa kakhulu kubahlali St. Petersburg kunye neendwendwe ngokufanayo.

Enye kwisahlulo ekhethekileyo Academy of Sciences - i-UC Botanical Garden RAS. Ise kwiRiphabliki Bashkortostan. Nasemyezweni apho bekukho indlela ende kwaye kunzima lophuhliso.

Namhlanje, yena ingqokelela enkulu zezityalo, Oqhayisayo lwesayensi eqaqambileyo kwinkalo yezifundo kweentlobo zasendle enezityalo yeRiphabliki zizalele nakuzo zezityalo zokuhomba.

isiphelo

Ngoku uyazi ukuba mawuye phi xa imvelo, iintyatyambo kunye nezityalo. igadi Botanical AN Tsitsin RAS - oku ngokwenene indawo umdla ukutyelela.