Bonke-wheel drive izithuthuthu. Ngesithuthuthu drive "phambene" bonke-wheel

Eli nqaku ibalisa ngembali izithuthuthu abasindwa drive-wheel amane, oko kukuthi isithuthuthu enzima "phambene", iimpawu zayo zobugcisa kunye namathuba, kwakunye noko le modeli kumgca brand.

A incinane

Fans ride umoya phezu enamavili amabini "ihashe yentsimbi" yazini ukuba imisebenzi yangaphandle, utyelelo lizwe kunye zokoyisa ngcono drive eshinyeneyo-wheel ezine off-kwendlela alinayo nayiphi na izithuthuthu. Phakathi kwazo kukho isithuthuthu "phambene", ifakwe drive-wheel ezine.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba yokuqala ngesithuthuthu drive lonke-wheel wabonakala phantse 100 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo e-UK. Kuye khona eklasini yayo ixesha elide ngaphandle okhuphisana ezinzulu.

Emva kweminyaka elinesibini, ukususela ngo-1931, BMW baqala ukwenza Bikes kuphela yoluntu, kodwa waqala ukuvelisa izithuthuthu drive-wheel ezine enzima ukulungiselela iinjongo zomkhosi. Abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba drive-wheel ezine wabonakala ngenxa iimfuno-mkhosi, nto leyo ngemihla ekuqaleni Second World War, kwakufuneka ukuba kakubi. Akukho brand kancane kwezithuthi kwelo xesha yaba Zundapp odumileyo.

umatshini izithuthuthu Soviet enzima "phambene" bakhonza ngasentla units, ingakumbi, R71 model. Kwaye ngo 1941 kumgca ibandla IMZ-phambene weza isithuthuthu kuqala enzima M72, apho kweso waba ezintlwini neteknoloji yiSoviet Army.

Kwenzeka ntoni elandelayo

1957 waduma ngenxa yokuba nebhetshi yokuqala encinane drive lonke-wheel "phambene" kwakhululwa, ezibe imizekelo emithathu ezinamavili. Kwaye ngoko ke ibhayisikile yaba M61, lowo wathatha phezu kuyila ngokupheleleyo kwisisu semoto yemodeli 72. Waqalisa kusafuneka uuba lixhotyisiwe injini valve phezulu.

Kancinci emva zezityalo kwaye kongezwa ezintsha ebalulekileyo ngendlela izixhobo umva, okusileleyo ngokupheleleyo izithuthuthu kunye Motors nizhneklapannym. Umzekelo oku kusebenza njengendawo modeli ngaphambili - K650.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, bonke-wheel ngesithuthuthu drive "phambene" unenzondelelo utshintsho lobume. Ukongeza ulungiso ye-injini kunye nangasemva zothumelo scripting iklip isiBeki ngokwesiseko entsha, apho amandla injini inyuswe. imifuziselo Kamva bebexhotyiswa carburetors obuphezulu mihla yaseJapan ( "Keihin"). Ukusebenza okuphuculiweyo enezinto kwizinga eliphezulu Imfono-elekhtrons ngesithuthuthu "phambene" yasekwa ngenxa idiskhi incoko ye "Ezibuhlungu Brembo", eyayiqwalaselwe phakathi intle kwihlabathi.

iimpawu uphawu zonke-wheel iiyunithi drive

Isithuthuthu "phambene" (bona ifoto. Ngaphezu) ekunokuthiwa kuphela ehlabathini isithuthuthu lakhelwe, nto leyo iza bezdifferentsialnym switchable drive. Enye abenzi ngesithuthuthu imifuziselo Irbit waqalisa "besikolo", apho wheel drive stroller switchable. Hamba ne okulula T-uguqulelo ixhamla impumelelo enkulu kude ngaphaya eRashiya. Ngoko ke, ngokusekelwe kwiintengiso-2012 kuphela iimoto zathengiswa yi-37% ngaphezu ngo-2011.

"Patrol" ukumelana nayo nayiphi na ngaphandle kwendlela, njengoko exhotyiswe gearbox ngesantya-4. Bonke-wheel drive izithuthuthu "phambene" ukoyisa amacandelo zinzima lendlela. Ngoko ke singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba le yeyona ilungileyo indlela ibhayisekile. Eneneni, ekubeni abazono ziziimfumba, akasoze umqhubi naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusoloko Amerika sokuthandabuza ngentlonelo enkulu phambene "patrol". Imifuziselo Iindleko "Patrol-T" ngeenxa 300 lamawaka. engange.

Intuthuzelo nokuphumla nge "Kwabakhokeli"

imodeli Special "woKhanketho-2WD» (isithuthuthu "phambene") kuye kwadalwa iindlela Russian, kuwo onke amaphakade abangakubonanga ingxelo ngokutsha. wheel-ezine ukuqhuba eli rhamncwa uleyisayo kuphela lwasekhaya off-kwendlela ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki, kodwa ukuze kukhawuleziswe endleleni eya ngesantya-120 km / h, lo gama ukuchitha iilitha 7 kuphela nepetroli ekhulwini isebenza khona.

Asinto kunzima ukuthelekelela ukuba isithuthuthu "phambene", "woKhanketho" umgca eyenzelwe imigama emide, yaye ndizele oku lixhotyiswe yonke into efunekayo. Ukuba oyifunayo, i drive buyo evala phantsi, kokuba uxhulumaniso. Kulo mzekelo, unako ukuhamba kuphela ngamavili ezimbini, kodwa amava kwalo kwi yunithi ingabi mbi.

Ponoprivodnye izithuthuthu "woKhanketho" series zixhotyiswe nge-injini 45 enjini kunye ukubana ka 750 cc. Kulo mzekelo, imoto ibalekisa ukuya kwi-120 km / h in seconds ─ frisky njengoko Bikes ezemidlalo Yamaha, amaxabiso apho kwenziwa ngenxa kwesiqingatha sesigidi engange. Qaphela ukuba lo ngesithuthuthu ubunzima 335 kg, kunye nezixhobo kunye impahla ingathatha nawe phantse ubunzima enye, inzuzo "amahashe" unazo ukutsala ngokulula i kwemithwalo. Itanki yamafutha ilungiselelwe iilitha 19 amafutha kunye isantya sokuqukuqela nakanye funny: in a track - up to iilitha 4 ezidolophini ayidluli iilitha 7 kweekhilomitha ezili-100 nganye.

A kangako imodeli 67

Heavy izithuthuthu zonke-wheel wazukiswa phakathi bikers kunye abalandeli technology isithuthuthu. into unyaniseke, amandla nenzondelelo ntoni na iadrenaline, ngaphandle apho kunzima ndikhwele enamavili amabini uhamba ngentsimbi. Leyo i "phambene" 67-36 series. Ukuba ngenene Nantso umatshini ukuze umatshini! On cross-uhlobo nayo onokuthelekiswa kuphela "Dnepr MT". injini Nepriveredliv ukuze kakhulu "akakhutyekiswa" kwenkosi yakhe, ukuba nje akazi ukongeza amafutha.

It ibalekisa 67 "phambene" ku-100 km / h akakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo, nakubeni oko: Umlinganiseli 330 kg kwaye inokufakwa kuwo ikota a ton phezulu. Kwimeko nganye aluka amafutha umendo kweelitha-8, nto leyo elungileyo ngokubanzi, kuqwalaselwa ngamandla. Le motor ovelisa amandla 36 hp e torque kwi 4900 rpm. Ngokubanzi, umatshini eli ke linokuthenjwa nayo yonke into, kwaye Nongawuthabathiyo unyamezelo.

"Phambene Up Gear» ─ amandla style zomkhosi

ababhekisi phambili Irbitsky konke okusemandleni abo, ukudala inzala yabo Gear Up-2WD. Isithuthuthu "phambene" (bona ifoto. Ngezantsi) yale ngcelele senziwe style zomkhosi yaye yenzelwe ukuba ukoyisa iindawo ezininzi ivaleke nangaphandle-endleleni. Kalula ngayo ngesithuthuthu weyisayo amacandelo ezinzima iindlela ezimbi, drive-wheel ezine inikwe ngokuhlela undercarriage nezixhobo ngokupheleleyo umva.

Sibala isicelo isithuthuthu "zobumfazwe" akwenzi ngqiqo. Noko ke, siphawula ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuya naphi na imozulu unyaka wonke. Lo matshini enamandla akoyiki ye zigxila ngekhephu okanye iimvula ezinkulu, akukho ukungcola phezu kwamadolo. Ixabiso le-wheel yonke drive ezintathu-nabaya off-kwendlela sithuthi malunga 620 lamawaka. Engange.

Uhlangothi technical

Ezi izithuthuthu wheel-drive zixhotyiswe nge-41-enjini cylinder-ezimbini iinjini-stroke amane ukubana ka 745 cubic metres. Kwesona santya siphezulu ezinokuthi ukuphuhlisa imoto yi-110 km / h. Inaliti kwamafutha ilawulwa inkqubo elekhtrons. Ukuqalisa yi-injini yombane, yaye ngenxa yale njongo inikwa ngokukhatywa-starter. Itanki yamafutha ibamba iilitha 19 zepetroli, kwaye ukusetyenziswa fuel neelitha 7.5 ngamnye ezilikhulu isebenza khona.

Iziqhoboshi ngesithuthuthu olunikiweyo imbi ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, kanye bamba - indlela exananazileyo yohlobo owomileyo. ukumiswa owawusisibonakude phambi libonelela ukhwele ogudileyo endleleni. Ukubakho bezdifferentsialnoy usulelo ivumela ukuba boyise imiqobo nayiphi xaka.

Kube lula ukusebenza

Imibala le hacks angabonakaliyo emahlathini okanye kweengcongolo kufuphi echibini, i "phambene Gear Up» unako ngokukhuselekileyo ukuxhobisa ukuzingela okanye walala phantsi naziphi na izixhobo zokuloba eziyimfuneko ukuze. Ukuthatyathwa ku-365 kg, ungakwazi ukuthatha kude nabo eninzi impahla luncedo kunye nempahla.

Le modeli ababhekisi ziyalinganiselwa kakhulu ekuvumela ukuba baphathe yonke into oyifunayo kwaye yenza umatshini uzinzo ubuninzi. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo zenzeke kwaye ukoyika ukuba agegat fikisa kwaye luya.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, oko sibekwe phezu waqhekeza yokupaka uze ususe kweevili actuator buyo, ngaloo ndlela inguqu i "phambene" kwi ibhayisekile enamavili amabini.

Ngamafuphi

Izithuthuthu "phambene" kunye nezithuthi zonke-wheel drive off-kwendlela zingqineke ngokwabo oluthembekileyo. Le nqubo iye a isixhobo umgangatho amazwe ophezulu, umgangatho eyahlukileyo. Yiloo nto sinokuthi ukuba i "phambene" le bhayisekile unkillable. Imifanekiso isithuthuthu negalelo ukukhwela obutofotofo nekhuselekileyo ngoncedo isakhiwo awodwa athile. Ngenxa ubunzima enkulu zezi yunithi nozinzo elungileyo yaye alinako amancinci ukuwaphatha. I-injini, enamandla wesithuthi nokumiswa iimpawu kuvumela ukoyisa ngokulula naliphi sendawo.

Ukongeza, izithuthuthu mihla "phambene 'abe ezidunyelwe nomtsalane, uyilo ergonomic kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu wentuthuzelo. Uyilo aba matshini kwenza kube lula ukuhambisa kakuhle endleleni. Phezu kwayo, ndincumeze, ngesithuthuthu ngokukhawuleza kunokuzuza isantya kuyimfuneko. On heavy enamandla "ihashe intsimbi" angenazintloni ivele kwi rally okanye biker, ekhwele ebusuku iindlela ilizwe, laneliswe indlela ende kwaye uzive yesantya.