Carl Maria von Weber - umqambi, umseki German opera Romantic: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Carl Maria von Weber - umqambi German adumileyo ngumculi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18, waye umzala ngumfazi Mozart. Yena negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso umculo nemidlalo yeqonga. Enye wabaseki Romanticism eJamani. Imisebenzi edume umqambi waqalisa opera yakhe.

Carl Maria von Weber: A Biography. ebuntwaneni

Carl wazalelwa kwidolophu encinane German of Eutin (Holstein). Kwathi isiganeko ngoDisemba 18, 1786. Uyise Frants Veber, ukwahlula luthando olukhulu umculo. Waba entrepreneur kwi ohambahambayo ethiyetha qembu.

Ebuntwaneni iimvumi elizayo kwangaphambili phakathi abadlali yeqonga ephila. Olu hlobo yemeko iphenjelelwa ngamandla yaye wazimisela ikamva lo mfana. Ngoko ke, le qembu theatre wabethelela umdla iintlobo ezinkulu-zomculo kuye yaye yanika ulwazi kwemithetho ingozi zomculo kunye nkcukacha lwezobuGcisa Dramatic.

Eselula, Weber bakhuthalele omkhulu kwaye abanomdla nokupeyinta. Noko ke, uyise nomntakwabo omdala wazama baqhelane umculo awudlalayo. Franz, nangona ohambahambayo rhoqo, wakwazi ukunika unyana wakhe imfundo esemgangathweni somculo.

Ukubunjwa lokuqala

Ngowe-1796, uCarl Maria von Weber wafunda ipiyano e Hildburghausen, ngoko benza e Salzburg ezisisiseko counterpoint ngo-1707, emva koko eMunich ukususela 1798 ukuya 1800 wafunda ukwakheka lobugcisa kwi organist kwinkundla Kalheroma. Ngexesha le minyaka, wathabatha ukucula izifundo.

Carl kakhulu abanomdla emculweni. Kwaye ngo 1798 yena phantsi kolwalathiso uY M. Gaydna wada wadala Fughettas eziliqela Keyboard. Yaba ngolokuqala umqambi. Yintoni Akumangalisi ke, kodwa opera Carl Maria von Weber waqalisa ukubhala ekuseni kakhulu. Kanye emva kokuba fugues ababini bavele izidalwa zakhe ezinkulu, apho kuxoxwa ngezantsi, kwakunye enobunzima elikhulu, Allemande, Ecossaises, izinqumo ezihlekisayo. Kodwa abaninzi baba Singspiel "UPetros Schmoll kunye nabamelwane bakhe", wadala ngo-1801 Yaba lo msebenzi uzuze imvume uJohann Michael Haydn.

isikhundla esiphezulu

Ngo-1803 kwakukho luphuhliso olungathethekiyo kumsebenzi umsunguli elizayo German opera Romantic. Lo nyaka Weber bafika e Vienna emva kohambo olude ngaphesheya eJamani. Apha ihlangana edume kakhulu ngelo utitshala xesha umculo Abbé Vogler. Lo mntu ngokukhawuleza waphawula zikhewu olwalukho ulwazi zomculo kwaye yeengcingane uCharles, waza wemvula zabo. Umqambi wasebenza nzima yaye wawongwa kakhulu. Ngowe-1804 yena, Ndingumfana elinesixhenxe, wathabatha kopelmeysterom, okt entloko, e Breslau Opera, kubulelwe Vogler iivoti. Esi siganeko kwaphawula ixesha entsha bobuchule ubomi Weber, equka ixesha ulandelayo - ukususela 1804 ukuya 1816.

Ukuqala xesha libalulekileyo bobuchule

Umculo Karla Marii von Weber ngeli xesha liphantsi ngendaleko enkulu. Ngokubanzi, ukususela 1804, wonke umsebenzi umqambi itshintshile. Ngeli xesha, kuqhuba iimbono ubuhle sengqondo Weber kunye somculo kubonakala kakhulu ngokucacileyo.

Ukongeza, uCarl wafumana italente wokwenene njengoko ngumququzeleli entsimini imidlalo zomculo. Nokujikeleza kunye qembu e Prague kunye Breslau wayivula ukukwazi umqhubi lowo. Kodwa Weber ke akwanelanga ukuba bagqwese nesithethe zoqobo, ufuna ukuguqula yonke kwaye zichanekile. Ngoko, yena, njengokuba umqhubi, kuye kwatshintsha kwi opera iimvumi okhestra umyalelo nokubekwa. Ngoku yenziwe amaqela ngaqela ngokungqinelana uhlobo sixhobo. Le umqambi okhestra ekulindeleke umgaqo yokuhlala, nto leyo eya kuba ethandwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 kunye 20.

utshintsho kwabo ngenkalipho elinesibhozo Weber injalo yonke lokuphathana yobutsha, nangona uxhathiso iimvumi kunye neemvumi abafuna ukulondoloza isithethe, ngokwembali ezinkundleni German.

Eyona imveliso yeli xesha

Kwiminyaka 1807-1810 iqala ukugxekwa zomculo kunye nomsebenzi zoncwadi ze Carl Maria von Weber. Yena uqala ukubhala ncomo kunye namanqaku malunga nemidlalo kunye nemisebenzi zomculo, iqala kwinoveli osihloko sithi "imvumi Ubomi" kwiincwadi zakhe Izicatshulwa yena wabhala.

Imisebenzi ebhaliweyo ngexesha lokudala yokuqala umqambi kaThixo, sikwazi ukubona ngokuthe indlela eliqaqambileyo elizayo imikhwa kubonakale ukuba isimbo ngokweminyakla kwaye kakhulu lombhali. Ngeli xesha, ixabiso inkulu ngokwemiqathango zobugcisa bafumane imisebenzi enzima zomculo Weber, phakathi kwawo:

• Singspiel "Abu Hassan".
• "Silvana" opera.
• symphony ezimbini cantatas ezimbini untitled.

Kwakhona ngeli xesha kwakukho eninzi yokwenza, iingoma, kwiindawo, engqungqa, njl

Dresden period

Ekuqaleni kuka-1817 Carl Maria von Weber waye umbhexeshi Dresden "Deutsche yaqondakala". Kulo nyaka watshata Kerolayn Brandt, i imvumi opera.

Ukususela ngoko, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye ithuba lokugqibela umqambi, owaphumelela ngowe-1826 nokufa kwakhe. Ngeli xesha umlinganiswa okukhulu kakhulu uthatha umqhubi kunye nomsebenzi lombutho Weber. Ngelo xesha kwakufuneka stolknutsya bunzima umqhubi kunye nenkokheli. Innovation Karla Marii uphikisa isithethe wokubonelwa bulawulwe phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane, kwakunye F. Morlakki, umbexeshi inkampani opera yaseItali e Dresden. Phezu kwayo yonke le nto, Weber wakwazi ukuba bahlanganise opera isidumbu entsha German. Ngaphezu koko, wakwazi ukuba ezinye Ukuzimisela, nokuba abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ngokwaneleyo.

Kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba Weber umqambi wanika indlela eya Weber-Kapellmeister. Wakwazi zizidibanise zombini ezi iindima kwaye yakhiwe ukumelana nazo. Oko ngeli xesha lufikile ehlabathini indalo ilungileyo inkosi, kuquka opera yayo idumileyo.

"Der Freischütz"

Le Ibali kule opera, lisukela emva amabali abantu malunga mntu wathengisa ngayo umphefumlo wakhe uMtyholi uthuli magic dayo ukuba uwine abatoli ukhuphiswano. Umvuzo yaba umtshato eli nenekazi ezithandekayo, leyo wayethandana iqhawe. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala opera ngayo Wawuyinxalenye into usondele kwaye abazaziyo intliziyo German. Weber kuboniswa ubomi kwilali ezilula naivety theka kunye uburharha krwada. Oninyangileyo, amahlathi kunye Yayizimele phantsi encumile yokunqakulisa otherworldly nokuthantamisa namaqhawe evela amantombazana lali kunye abazingeli nomxhelo, nesiphelo iinkosana anobukroti kunye nobulungisa.

Eli bali yinqaba udityaniswe umculo emangalisayo, yaye konke oku yaba njengesipili zonke German. Kulo msebenzi Weber yakhulula nje kuphela opera waseJamani yi impembelelo Italian kwaye isiFrentshi, kodwa wakwazi ukuba ndiseke phambili uhlobo operatic ka-19 leminyaka.

Kokuba kuboniswe kwenzeka ngomhla we-18 Juni 1821 waza waba nempumelelo eningenakukholwa nabaphulaphuli, kunye Weber waba iqhawe lesizwe wokwenene.

Kamva, le opera ibonwa kwendalo inkulu German yeqonga yothando yesizwe. Umqambi, esekelwe singspiel uhlobo, sebenzisa iintlobo ebanzi zomculo kuwanelisa umsebenzi nedrama nasengqondweni. Indawo enkulu ukuthatha opera ezineenkcukacha eni zomculo zabalinganiswa kunye nemifanekiso yobomi bemihla ngemihla, ezinxulumene iingoma abantu waseJamani. ngokucacileyo gqitha wabonakaliswa umhlaba zomculo kunye neziqephu kwamnandi ngenxa nokuqhama iokhestra owadalwa Weber.

Ubume opera kunye neempawu zayo zomculo

"Der Freischütz" luqala ibika, nto leyo ilawulwa elibaleka iimpondo uncuthu lwengoma. Phambi kokuba uyobukela kuzotywe umfanekiso twisiseka komnye yehlathi, uve izibongo zamaqhawe amandulo ukuzingela. Inxalenye ephambili mnyakazo ichaza kuliwe izichasi. Igcina entry ngokunzulu coda iyingangamsha.

Isenzo isenzo sokuqala ithatha indawo imvelaphi imifanekiso mass ochwayithileyo. Sibona umfanekiso leeholide umlimi, wabulela ukusungulwa ngokugqibeleleyo kusungulo eziculwayo, mibala abantu umculo. Melody ivakala ngokungathi ngokwenene idlala neemvumi lali kunye waltz yesikhumba ezilula luphawulwa elula naivete.

Ngenxa holiday elibukhali umahluko bendlela gamekeeper Max, uzele ixhala kunye nokudideka. Yaye iingoma table jaegers yesibini uCaspar ngokucacileyo weva isingqisho etsolo nywa inyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

Umthetho yesibini yahlulwe imifanekiso emibini, nokuchasanisa omnye nomnye. Xa inxalenye yokuqala siva yokuqala akholosileyo Arietta Angel, esetyenziswa kukhuhlwe ubunyulu nobunzulu ngayo umhlobo wakhe Agatha. Umfanekiso izele alternating ingoma imiculo kanye recitatives ezichazayo, ezinceda ukuqonda iimvakalelo sentombazana. Inxalenye yokugqibela uzaliswe luvuyo, ukukhanya kunye yobuhlakani.

Noko ke, kule yesibini mfanekiso uqala ukwandisa akhululeke okumangalisayo. Kwaye indima ephambili linikwa iokhestra. Taxi isandi engaqhelekanga, buthuntu yaye lisibekele, bezise ngesothuso, kwaye iqela Bufihlakele ikwayara ababukeli kuphucula mfihlakalo. Weber waphumelela umfanekiso ngokumangalisayo zikholeleke lomculo imikhosi akuthandayo ububi yeedemon.

Umthetho wesithathu nayo yahlulwe imifanekiso emibini. Okokuqala obhaptiza kumboniseli apha emoyeni ezolileyo esihle. Party Agatha eqonda ukukhanya zemibongo ukudangala, kunye nabhinqileyo choir ipeyintiweyo ngezandi ethambileyo, apho imvo iinjongo zesizwe.

Intshukumo yesibini ivula kunye ekungqungqeni abazingeli, ekhatshwa enesandi sezigodlo wokuzingela. Kule ikwayara yeviwa zeengoma, iintsomi eJamani, apho kamva yaphinda yathandwa ehlabathini lonke.

Evala opera zenzeka indawo lomculo kunye nabaculi, ehamba uncuthu yovuyo, a leitmotif isebenza ngomsebenzi lonke.

Ukudalwa "oberon" kunye nemihla yokugqibela yobomi

opera Fairytale "oberon" yabhalwa ngowe-1926, sele kugqityiwe uthotho imisebenzi ezintle operatic umqambi. Weber walibhala ukuze ondle intsapho yakhe. Umqambi wayesazi ukuba kungekudala uza kufa, yaye akukho mntu uya kuba ngakumbi ukuthatha unonophelo kwabathandekayo.

"Oberon" kwimilo yayo yayahluke ngokupheleleyo indlela eqhelekileyo ye Weber. Kuba umqambi olirhamente wakhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwe-opera, kunye ubugcisa oxwlwa, imisebenzi sakhiwo kangaka. Nangona kunjalo, le opera ethile Weber wayekwazi ukwenza umculo kakhulu olugqibeleleyo. Ekupheleni lokubhala "oberon," impilo umqambi iye engaboni kakuhle yaye wayengakwazi ukuhamba, kodwa Carl Maria akazange akakuphosi okomhlaba. Opera iye iye yawongwa kwakhona abagxeki kunye nabaphulaphuli badumisa italente Weber kaThixo.

Ngelishwa, umqambi live ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba wafunyanwa efile. Kwathi Juni 5, 1826 eLondon. Kwangaloo mini, Weber wayeza ukuba abuyele ekhaya eJamani.

E Dresden ngo-1861 yaba isikhumbuzo Weber.

First Youth Opera

"Silent Forest Girl", umsebenzi wokuqala ezinkulu umqambi, ufanelwe ukukhankanywa into. Kokuba kuboniswe senzeka 1800 ngo Freiburg. Nangona ebutsheni bakhe Ukungabinalwazi umbhali, kwaba yimpumelelo kwaye wazuza ingqalelo. Sinokuthi kule mvelo lo msebenzi yaba ukuqala umsebenzi umqambi kaThixo, Weber.

Yona opera, ayiyi ilityalwe ixesha elide waza wahlabela mgama kuvela kwiinkqubo kumabala emidlalo e Prague, Vienna, eSt Petersburg kunye nezinye izixeko ehlabathini.

eminye imisebenzi

Weber yashiya ilifa lobugcisa, uluhlu lizele cishe akunakwenzeka. Kodwa makhe qaphela nelona galelo yemisebenzi yakhe;

• opera 9, kuquka "Pinto ezintathu", "Ryubetsal", "Silvana", "Euryanthe".
• I zomculo ukuya nemidlalo ezisixhenxe kakhulu.
• solo Choral bathetha kunye nemisebenzi ziquka inginginya 5, iingoma ngaphezu 90 phezu ensembles 30 cantatas 9, iingoma unyango abantu malunga-10.
• imisebenzi Piano: Sonata 4, imidlalo-5, ezivunywa 40 nemidaniso, 8 imijikelo yokwahluka.
• Malunga 16 iikonsathi ngenxa ipiyano, ऑप्टीमायझर isilungiseleli, uphondo kunye bassoon.
• imisebenzi 10 orchestra 12 kwigumbi lomculo.

anika umdla

Weber Umqambi gqitha i ubuntu obungaqhelekanga kunye neempawu zayo, ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Ngokomzekelo, awamthiya udumo yomnye umntu. Ndithande anyanzele ukuba ku Rossini. Weber njalo exelela abahlobo ukuba umculo yanto Rossini womntakayise, yinto kuphela indlela eya ilityalwe iminyaka embalwa.

Ingozi emasikizi kukhokelele kwinto yokuba walahlekelwa Weber ilizwi lakhe elihle. Kanye e Breslau Umqambi walinda ukuba isidlo ngabanye, yaye ukuba bangachithi ixesha, wahlala phantsi emsebenzini. Weber ngokukhawuleza wagqiba ukushushubeza SIP ebandayo yiwayini. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngongcwalazi ke babecinga engqayini kunye ezityeni, usele into enye apho uyise sulphuric acid. Umqambi wathabatha ithamo bawa engenabomi. Xa kwafika umhlobo wakhe, ngoko yakhe ukubhutyuzwa akukho namnye livulekile, kodwa iifestile ke ukukhanya. Wabiza uncedo, wakwazi ukuba avule ucango, yaye ngokukhawuleza Weber asiwe esibhedlele. Oogqirha wasindisa ubomi umqambi, kodwa umlomo, umqala kunye uyakhala itshiselwa kutshiswa ukuba ubomi bakhe bonke kwanyanzeleka ukuba ndithethe kuphela ke intsebezo yelizwi.

Weber wayeyoliswa kakhulu kwezilwanyana. Endlwini yakhe sasihlala inja, ikati, iintlobo zeentaka ezahlukeneyo nkqu eyiCapuchin nyani. Eyona omthandayo Umqambi Indian crow ngubani na kuthi. "Good"

Weber waziwa egocentrism. Yena ke wayethanda ngokwakhe, wabhala phantsi mbumbulu amanqaku laudatory ngaye, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha yapapashwa kumaphephandaba. Kodwa oku zange ayeke. Umqambi ngokwakhe kunjalo wayethanda, ukuba abathathu abantwana bakhe abane ababizwa ngamagama abo: Maria Carolina, uCarl Maria, noKarolina uMariya.

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, Weber wayeyimvumi abanetalente kakhulu nomqambi othe wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso zobugcisa German. Ewe, lo mntu wayengekho ngaphandle iziphako yawo, kwaye nobuze ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zonke ubungqondi nemikhwa yazo.