Chemosynthesis - uhlobo lwesondlo autotrophic

Kwindalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi unikezele umzimba. Baxhomekeke iimpawu ngesakhiwo, uphuhliso kunye yokuhlala nemiqathango eziphilayo. Chemosynthesis - oku ngomnye wabo. Kuba abathile eziphilayo, oko ekuso yaye yintoni iimeko kunokwenzeka? Ezi kunye nezinye mibuzo ziya kuphendula inqaku yethu.

autotrophs

Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili yokubonelela eziphilayo - yinto hetero- kunye autotrophic. I lokuqala lwenzeka nokwenziwa ukulungele kwezondlo: iiprothini, lipids kunye carbohydrate. Ngoko ke ukudla izilwanyana, nomngundo, ezinye iintsholongwane. Autotrophs bayakwazi nokulungelelanisa izinto eziphilayo ezivela zondle phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Eli qela eziphilayo zizityalo kunye iqela elikhethekileyo iintsholongwane.

Iintlobo indlela autotrophic ze yokudla yefotosinthesis chemosynthesis. Umahluko omkhulu umthombo wamandla ubomi. Chemosynthesis - indlela nikeza apho igcwala of iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo. Ukwenza le nkqubo asingabo bonke izinto eziphilayo.

chemotroph

Inkqubo chemosynthesis, wavula yi-nzulu esidumileyo Russian S. N. Vinogradovym ngowe-1887, oko uphawu liqela elithile prokaryotes elinye-elilodwa. Ezi ziquka intsimbi, isalfure nitrifying iintsholongwane. Bonke bephela izinto nerganicheskie oxidize efanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, intsimbi aguqulwa ukusuka thu ukuba trivalent yi abasabela eekhemikhali igcwala. A emanzini hydrogen - xa into elula, ie nesulfure ... iibhaktheriya Nitrifying zibaluleke ngokukodwa endalweni.

Phezu yokubola kunye ukubola lomba ephilayo bakhululwa ammonia. iintsholongwane nitrifying Group oxidize iziyobisi ukuya nitric acid. Unyityilikiswa emanzini, le nto yenza ukuba ityuwa emanzini. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo, owanyayo ngaphandle umhlaba, ahlanganiswe nitrogen, ubukho apho yimeko kuyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso iingcambu. Ngenxa yoko, chemosynthesis - kodwa inkqubo yokubonelela izinto eziyimfuneko amaqela ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo ngaxeshanye.

phototrophic

Elinye iqela eziphilayo autotrophic zizityalo. Bona zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto zemvelo kwelanga. Ngoko ke, indlela ukutya kwazo kuthiwa phototrophic. Le nkqubo kunokwenzeka kuphela organelles kwiseli ezizodwa - chloroplasts. Ukuba ibe colorant - sombala ngokuba yiklorofili.

Yaba nguye lowo ayithethi iindawo photosynthesis eziphilayo autotrophic ngombala oluhlaza. Kananjalo ngumqathango yale nkqubo ubukho bamanzi kunye carbon dioxide, ephuma ngenxa nokuphefumla yezinto eziphilayo. Inkqubo yefotosinthesis yi ukubaluleka kubalulekile-langa. Isibakala sokuba kuphela glucose carbohydrate, nesetyenziswa phototrophic njengomthombo wamandla, kodwa oxygen kuyilwa, ngenxa ukuvuza. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo lokuphefumla igesi akwenzeki, kwaye kungoko nobomi.

Ngokungafaniyo chemosynthesis photosynthesis

Nangona ezi ntlobo zimbini zithathwa ngasentla inkqubo ngendlela autotrophic ngokutya, yaye eziliqela umahluko omkhulu.

Photosynthesis akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kombane. Ngaphezu koko, oko kwenzeka kuphela xa kukho leseli chloroplast. Chemosynthesis - inkqubo lwenzeka ngaphandle phambi kwezi meko, kodwa kuphela iintsholongwane.

Ahluke, kunye nexabiso lazo eziphilayo. Phototrophic inikeza zonke izinto eziphilayo ne-oksijini. Iintsholongwane eyenziwa Ukubolekisa initrogen, sulphur kunye nezinye izinto.

Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo result ifunyenwe eziphilayo autotrophic ngqo ngokwabo. izityalo photosynthesis ifomu glucose ekudleni. Umxokelelwane, molecule loo ukunika polysaccharide istatshi. Yena a zimbiwa backup izityalo. Chemotroph kuhlelwe izinto eziphilayo musa ngqo, kodwa molecule ATP - triphosphate adenosine. Le izinto luhlobo kwingqwebo eneji kwiiseli eziphilayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngaba ukwahlula. Le nkqubo lwenzeka ngamanyathelo eziliqela, ngasinye apho isixa esithile wamandla uyakhululwa. Nokusetyenziswa chemotroph ayo kwiinkqubo zobomi.

Ngenxa yoko, yefotosinthesis chemosynthesis iintlobo ngeentlobo iindlela autotrophic isondlo izinto eziphilayo, leyo ngokwabo avelise amandla ayimfuneko ukukhula nophuhliso zabo.