"Chloramphenicol": imiyalelo ukusetyenziswa. Uwisa "Chloramphenicol"

Yintoni a ikhemikhali nje chloramphenicol? Imiyalelo zokusetyenziswa nemixube ezisekelwe kulo mbandela, ziza kuboniswa ngezantsi. Siya ndithi kuwe ngento iimpawu kwesi sixhobo, igama lorhwebo, oko kukuthi, ilawulwa kuzo, njalo njalo. D.

Overview

Ziziphi iimpawu lokuba imichiza ezifana chloramphenicol na? Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa ingxelo ukuba ummeli eqaqambileyo qela antibiotics amphenicols. Le propati omkhulu antibacterial iye isomer yayo laevorotatory.

Uthe ephindeneyo crystal ngaphandle ivumba kunye nombala. It ayiqondakali enyibilikayo emanzini, kodwa lula enyibilikayo propylene ethers, pyridine, ethylene ethers kunye ethanol. Le izinto yayisetyenziswa njengendawo zintsholongwane kuphela amayeza kodwa lulimo izilwanyana.

Phantsi igama yintoni zingathengwa kwi chloramphenicol ekhemesti? Igama Urhwebo zesixhobo iyalila "Chloramphenicol".

Icandelo kujongwa kuqala kuhlelwe ngo-1940 ukususela Streptomyces venezuelae. Namhlanje le zintsholongwane zilungiselelwa ukusuka styrene ngu step-10 yokuqaphela.

Ingqalelo isiyobisi ngempumelelo ngokwaneleyo. Noko ke, kuya kuba ayityhefu kakhulu kwaye kaninzi unobangela abasabela ezibi.

Amayeza equlethe chloramphenicol (igama lorhwebo liye uchazwe apha ngasentla) ziyafumaneka ngohlobo namafutha aqholiweyo, tsakisi, isisombululo ulawulo intramuscular kwaye efakwa, kwakunye iipilisi kunye njengezingxobo.

pharmacodynamics

wenza njani chloramphenicol? Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa iingxelo ukuba i-arhente ikwazi ukuphazamisa protein kuyondelelaniswe iinkqubo iintsholongwane yi ziyibuyisela enzayimi ezifana dioxo-peptidyl transferase. Asikwazi sithi chloramphenicol kunempembelelo bacteriostatic amakishiweyo. Nguye streptococci esebenzayo, iintsholongwane ezinkulu, iintsholongwane gram-HIV kunye stafilokkok. Eyona uphawu le zintsholongwane yinto yokuba kuchaphazela kakubi isantya abanganyangekiyo sulfonamides, penicillin streptomycin. Ngokubhekiselele ukunyamezelana, ukuba ichiza kuqwalaselwa ukuba uvela kancinane kakhulu.

Pharmacokinetics

Ngaba chloramphenicol ithathe? Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa ingxelo ukuba ulawulo yomlomo ukwimo ako ngokukhawuleza ukusuka phecana zesisu olufanelekileyo lwechiza. Ubuninzi chloramphenicol xi afunyenwe emva kweeyure ezintathu, kwaye bioavailability yayo yi-90%.

Malunga nesiqingatha ichiza enebana iiproteni plasma.

Chloramphenicol umzimba esibindini kwaye imveliso iiyure ezintathu nezi ntso, ndawonye enyongweni ilindle. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi ephindeneyo hydrolyzed ethunjini, nto leyo ukubunjwa metabolites engasebenziyo.

Isicelo yasekuhlaleni medicament okanye qhagamshelana wayo conjunctival malu kuyo unezinga elingezantsi ukufunxeka lwenkqubo. Kodwa olwa nye kudala phezu esikhumbeni okanye iliso fluid xi eyaneleyo igalelo inyathelo bacteriostatic.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela

Yintoni injongo emiselweyo njengezingxobo okanye iipilisi 'Chloramphenicol "? Chloramphenicol ukusetyenziswa yomlomo unyango lwe icesina, paratyphoid, salmonellosis ekwimo nolahlo ngokubanzi, izifo ezahlukeneyo rickettsial, iBrucellosis, tularemia, segazi, amathumba ingqondo kunye nosulelo meningococcal.

Kwakhona oku kuthetha kudla emiselweyo ukuba izigulane chlamydia, samehlo, usulelo pyogenic ngenxeba, peritonitis, ehrlichiosis, lymphogranuloma inguinal, zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, duct nosulelo womchamo, yersiniosis.

Lokunyanga izifo chloramphenicol engaphandle? Amafutha esimiselweyo amanxeba, usulelo ulusu, amathumba, ukutsha, izilonda lwemithambo kunye bedsores. Ikhoyo esetyenziswa neentanda phezu neengono boomama abalupheleyo.

Amathontsi "Chloramphenicol" aze abanike kungena kulo conjunctival sac yokuphatha keratitis, bacteria iliso izifo, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, scleritis, kunye episcleritis keratoconjunctivitis.

Izimo medicament

Zemithi, eziquka chloramphenicol, ayikhuthazwa ukuba:

• ebuntwaneni (ukuya kwinyanga enye);
• igazi izifo;
• amanxeba fungal kwi eluswini, ukhwekhwe kunye nerhashalala;
• abantu ukuswela glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, nezifo wesibindi;
• wancancisa oomama kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo;
• ukuba umzimba iziyobisi, okanye ezinye iiarhente zintsholongwane yelo qela.

bakulumkele kakhulu ekufuneka ilandelwe izifo zentliziyo kunye nempahla yegazi, kwakunye utyekelo negazi lakho.

"Chloramphenicol": umyalelo kwi ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, izixhobo ezisekelwe le nto isetyenziswa intramuscularly, butofelwe, ngokwemixholo, ngomlomo kunye conjunctival.

Scheme unyango kunye nexesha laso ixhomekeke ekuqulunqweni iziyobisi kunye nezifo. Bona kumiselwa gqirha ukumphatha qho ngamnye.

Pill "Chloramphenicol" kufuneka athathwe kwimizuzu engama-30 phambi kokuba izidlo okanye iyure elinye emva.

Xa Inaliti efakwa okanye intramuscular nolawulo yomlomo izigulane yabadala eyabelwe 2 g isiqalelo esebenzayo ngosuku (yahlulwe 4).

Ithamo eliphezulu le iyeza ngosuku yiminyaka 4 amayeza ezininzi, qiniseka ukuba ukwenza kolawulo izintso parameters negazi.

Abantwana le ichiza umiselweyo ubunzima bomzimba:

• ukuya kwiminyaka-3 - 10-15 mg kg nganye;
• kwiminyaka 3-8 - 15-20 mg kg nganye;
• kweminyaka ngaphezulu kwe-8 - 20-30 mg kg nganye.

Esi rhoqo isicelo yesisombululo okanye iipilisi ebantwaneni iyafana naleyo abadala.

Ubude unyango kunye uthe zintsholongwane ziintsuku 7-11. Ubude ubuninzi unyango - kwiiveki ezi-2.

Xa isicelo ekula ukulungiselela yayo lisetyenziswa kummandla ochaphazelekayo izihlandlo eziliqela ngemini, esebenzisa igozi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iindlela kanga kunye an umhlabelo occlusive. Kulo mzekelo, wenze ukunxiba zonke iintsuku ezi-3 de inxeba icocekile kwaye ayiyi kuhlala.

Ngokubhekiselele uwise, ezithi zisetyenziswe ngokohlobo 0.25 ne-1% isisombululo zidityaniswe namanye amachiza.

imiphumela emibi

Isicelo phantsi kovavanyo, ichiza kungabangela:

• ukurhawuzelelwa kunye ukuluma (xa isicelo ngokwemixholo);
• agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, igazi aplastic, leukopenia;
• goiter;
• waphazamiseka, neuritis, nemibono eyahlukeneyo, intloko ebuhlungu, ukudideka, ukudandatheka;
• gipogemoglobinemiyu, reticulocytopenia;
• Angioedema, urticaria, irhashalala;
• isicaphucaphu, flatulence, urhudo, ukungavisisani emlonyeni, ukugabha, inkinga;
• izifo fungal, dermatitis;
• ukudanjiswa yokuva mbono, umbono kahle bubumnandi.

Xa abantwana ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuze aphuhlise yokuwa sentliziyo.

Price, izithethantonye kunye analogue

Ngaba ingqalelo indlela nelithi "Levovinizol", "sintomitsina" "Chloramphenicol" "Chloramphenicol Aktitab", chloramphenicol sodium succinate, "Chloramphenicol-ayimise" solution utywala "chloramphenicol", chloramphenicol sodium succinate ludlolo, "Chloramphenicol-akos".

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezikhemisti kunye analogue unokumelana eli chiza "Levometil", "Levomekol" (chloramphenicol + dioksometiltetragidropirimidin) "Levosin" (sulfadimetoksin dioksometiltetragidropirimidin + + Chloramphenicol + trimekain).

Njengoko ngexabiso, ngoko kubhaliwe kugqalwa zintsholongwane ayikho phezulu kakhulu. Naluphi na uhlobo ichiza zingathengwa ngenxa 40-90 engange.

Izimvo emithi

Nangona inani elikhulu yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye ubuthi iziyobisi equlethe chloramphenicol, ukuba zisetyenziswa qho. izigulane ezininzi ababetsaleleke ixabiso eliphantsi ichiza, kwakunye iintlobo yayo balawule.

Ngokutsho ubugcisa, loo zintsholongwane rhoqo ezimiselweyo isicelo mlonyeni ukuphelisa induna kunye nezinye kuqhume ulusu.

Xa ukungabikho izixhobo Siwasebenzisa analog ezifana "Levomekol" (chloramphenicol + dioksometiltetragidropirimidin). Kodwa kuphela emva kokuba ubonane nogqirha.