CPL-isihluzi kunye nokwehlukana setyhula. izifundo photography

Yintoni a lokucoca wokohlula CPL? Esi sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ukuba wonke umfoti kufuneka babe engxoweni zabo. Njengoko Polarizer kuchaphazela lo mfanekiso? Ukuze ukuphuhlisa intuition ngalo mzuzu, ngokufuthi sifuna ixesha elide ukuba kunjani. Kweli nqaku uza kufunda kukukhawulezisa njani le nkqubo njengoko le mveliso ungenza umsebenzi lula (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukwenzakala) kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Uphi na CPL-lokucoca ulwelo apha? Yena usoloko phambi lens ngaphambili. Sisebenza njani isixhobo? It okucoca ku vangama ngqo imitha yelanga phantsi engile opredelennіmi. Kuyinto ngokuphuma ndawo, njengoko basoloko izityebi esichitha-chithwe ngakumbi nezinye shades ukukhanya. Ukusebenza kunye nale fowuni nayo ifuna ukwanda exposure (njengoko abathile ray baphambukile). Ukulawula i-angle ukuhluza kungenxa kwisixhobo ujikelezo. Ukumfumana umgca-of-view kwisalamane kwelanga ukuya ngamandla isiphumo ixhomekeke.

ukujikeleza lokucoca ulwelo

Xa usebenzisa CPL-lokucoca, ungafumana le kangangoko? Kuphela xa kumgca umbono lwe khamera nkqo kwelanga. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukucinga, ukuthumela i index ngomnwe ilanga, kunye nobhontsi ngelo xesha ngokubeka naye kwindawo efanelekileyo. Ngoxa wena phendula ingalo, isalatha kulaa ekukhanyeni emini, naziphi na izifundo, nto leyo iya kubonisa ubhontsi wakho uzakugqiba umgca isiphumo liphezulu polarizer.

Noko ke, into yokuba CPL-lokucoca ulwelo ukunika iziphumo ezingcono kwezi nkalo akuthethi akuthethi ukuba kuzo umsebenzi wakhe uya ephawuleka kakhulu. izakuvela Cap nokwehlukana xa iyajikeleza, nto leyo etshintsha engile malunga emini. Ukuze ufumane umsebenzi filter, kungcono ukuyicima, ujonge ikhamera ukubonisa okanye viewfinder yakhe.

Xa isicelo se -engile lens ebanzi zingafumaneka japan engafanelekanga, kuba neziphumo nokwehlukana zixhomekeke ekujikeni. Enye inxalenye mfanekiso nga zibekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo ilanga, kunye nezinye - nezolo elinye kuye. Kulo mzekelo, kwelinye icala photo wokohlula entsebenzweni obonakalayo, kodwa kwi enye - kunokuthi kubonwe.

Kucacile ukuba ngokubanzi-engile lens abafezekanga. Noko ke, akulula "polyarika" isiphumo maxa wambi ukwenza ubomi ngakumbi. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi iingcali wabeka isiphumo kakhulu iqapheleka of nokwehlukana kufutshane emphethweni okanye kwikona mfanekiso.

incazelo

Abafoti ukwenza imifanekiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini okucoca: kumgama owazisayo kunye nokwehlukana setyhula. Ezi zixhobo sisodwa kunye nemimandla ezahlulwe zizityebi ngamaza babonakalisa ukukhanya. Ngoncedo lwabo, ukhupha ezantsi, uyakwazi ukususa ilitha eqaqambileyo, okanye ukufaka mhlaba ngaphandle window ngaphandle reflection salo kweglasi.

amacebo linear ukwenza i operation iyaqondakala - kancincane ukukhanya uye waphunyezwa moya enye. Devices ne nokwehlukana setyhula ukunika rays ukufikelela, isangqa silungiswe. Namnye refraction semitha iguqulelwa ukulenza. Enyanisweni, "polyarik" setyhula akuyiphazamisi kunye ukuxhomekeka kwenza kwamathandabuzo bengachani sesichengeni, kwaye ifakwe kuzo zonke iikhamera (kuquka abadala).

Ngaloo ilitha engafunwayo nazo nya, njengoko kwifowni kunye nokwehlukana yomgama. CPL-isihluzi unika "ukucoceka" ungqukuva refraction ukukhanya kuphela kwamaza ethile. Xa wave ipleyiti umahluko umendo enombala phakathi ikhondo ngokudangazela kwaso ilula kwaye obungaqhelekanga kanye kwikota ubude bayo. Ngokuba zonke ezinye kwamaza ifowuni ibonise nempembelelo okweqanda.

ISetyhula amacebo nzima ukuphumla, ngoko iindleko zabo iphezulu. Ngomhla ingaphandle isixhobo obekwe isixhobo aqhelekileyo yomgama, kunye ngaphakathi - kwipleyiti kwikota-ngumtshangatshangiso esiguqula nokwehlukana yomgama zibe ukulenza.

photo

izihluzi wokohlula kuba camera - izixhobo zombane kaThixo, yenzelwe ukuze kupheliswe iziphumo ezingafunekiyo (ukukhanya, ilitha), ukunciphisa ukugqama (kunye nokwanda eminye Ukwanda) ezulwini kunye nezinye izinto ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo zobugcisa. Zibonakale okucoca eziqhelekileyo, kodwa izabelo ngaphambili nangesemva olulingana ngokulinganayo nto leyo ejikelezayo ngokukhululekileyo.

Njengoko kusetyenziswa CPL-lokucoca ulwelo? Yintoni na le fowuni? inxalenye yawo angasemva kwiglasana ebethelelwa ngelensi, nezo ziphumo zinqwenelekayo ikhethiwe ngokuvula kwisiqingatha phambili kuyo nayiphi na i-engile. Umbuzo wangaphambili kuba nee-ngomsonto lwangaphakathi, nto leyo encamathele ngokusebenzisa neenkontsho injongo cover azinamsonto okanye ezinye okucoca inzuzo ayinakuphikiswa.

ziqwempu ezahlukeneyo ukunika izinto ukhanye anikeza engile ezahlukeneyo nokwehlukana, leyo synchronously abayithintelayo elinye icebo lokucoca akunakwenzeka. Ngaphezu koko, kukwisakhelo amanqaku oluxonxiweyo inokuba inani elikhulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, isicelo ngakumbi gqolo ejijekileyo okucoca wokohlula, kwaye, konke, ngaphandle nangasemva, kufuneka linearly ngamaza. Oku kuyimfuneko kuba compensator woqondo ibekwe lokucoca setyhula kuthintela impumelelo nefuthe kwezinye izixhobo ezinokuthi zibekwe emva kwayo.

Okukhona odumileyo lokucoca wokohlula ukuya lens? mninzi yayo okubonakalayo jikelele imi kuluhlu ezimbini ukuya ezintlanu. Kusenokubakho uhlaba umbala. Ngokubanzi, ezinye izixhobo zizakubanomthunzi single ukuba ayeke kummandla violet-blowu, ngenxa apho umfanekiso efunyenwe Tint eluhlaza. phones cheap ikwazi ukuzandisa iinkcukacha elizothe entle. "Polyarik" kunye "protective" isihluzi UV-ziyibuyisela umva le isixhobo esisebenza ngayo iifoto ezininzi.

iinkcukacha

Ngokuqhelekileyo, icebo lokucoca wokohlula ethe yaveliswa ngokohlobo amacwecwe amabini ezenziwe ngeglasi. Phakathi kwabo obekwe polaroid film ukuba dichroism yomgama. Le nto ke inwebu ethile kwincindi acetate eliquka inani onomtsalane microlites ezincinane herapathite (umkhwinini sulfate iodide compound).

Ukusebenzisa loo iodine-Polyvinyl ifilimu ngemixokelelwane Polymer ojolise synchronously. Orientation microlites imbono efanayo asendle yombane, yaye imixokelelwane Polymer esilithundezela ekusoluleni koomatshini. ISetyhula filter, ukongeza, lixhotyiswe an compensator kokugcina - ikota-wave kwisigaba nembasa. Esebenzisa elicandelo kumiselwa umahluko Umendo imitha iqala ezimbini. Isebenza ngokungqinelana le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa refraction kabini zokukhanya kwakheka.

Ukuguquka sokukhanya

reyi Simple nengaqhelekanga baye ngezantya ezahlukeneyo. ubude zabo enombala indlela nazo azifani. Ngoko ke, zinaso umahluko stroke ububanzi nangobude yikristale, ngalo. Oku efakwe kwi indlela ehamba umqadi polarizer kwaye ajikeleziswe ngexesha indibano de kube lelo xesha axis yayo oscillation akayi ngaxeshanye nezamazembe okubonakalayo.

Kwesi sikhundla, kwipleyiti ikota-ngumtshangatshangiso iguqula imiqadi linearly ngamaza ningene ekukhanyeni circularly ngamaza (okanye ngokuphendululekileyo) ngokwandisa umvumbo umahluko degrees 90. Ekubeni iimpawu ezinjalo ukuba zenziwe zonke "polyariki". Umahluko ixabiso, yaye njengoko kunjalo kuba maleko ezongezelelweyo: zokuzikhusela, elibamba, amanzi angangeni.

ukubonakala

Xa lokucoca wokohlula kuba ilens yenzelwe? Le mveliso yaphehlelelwa ngokuqulunqwa iziqalelo TTL yekhamera oluzenzekelayo, leyo, ngokungafaniyo iifoto, baba ixhomekeke ifuthe ezintsha kwi ukukhanya.

Ngokubanzi yemisebe yomgama-nokwehlukana kuthiya wekhadi kunye SLR iikhamera ngokuyinxenye zinqanda ukusebenza kwisigaba oluzenzekelayo ugxile.

Ngeenkwenkwezi, "polyariki" iqanjwa Namayelenqe wafunda utshintsho setyhula kunye nemicwe izinto ukukhanya abahlala emajukujukwini.

kweliso wokohlula yindlela esisiseko ukufumana ulwazi malunga umthamo lo mhlaba otsalayo kwiingingqi adala radiation kwi, yithi, UDema ezimhlophe.

Nikon CPL

Wokohlula Icebo lokucoca CPL Nikon 52 mm - into ebalulekileyo landscape nokufota kwabo ungathanda ukufumana imifanekiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kukho izizathu ubuncinane ezintandathu kutheni kufuneka uthenge le mveliso:

• Kuba nokufotwa amanzi (iba mpunga selubala).
• Edubula ubuhle (ukwanda "Ukwanda" isibhakabhaka kunye green).
• Kuba lokudubula engile ngefestile (ekupheliseni ilitha nokuvakalisa ukusuka iglasi).
• Ukungabikho izibhengezo ilanga (amanzi, iglasi, oomatshini).
• Ukwandisa Isantya shutter ezimbalwa zokumisa (xa kuyimfuneko).
• ukhuselo Lens ngokuchasene negalelo ngoomatshini.

Thenga le lokucoca kuyimfuneko kwabo baza ukuba aye kumazwe efudumeleyo - sisixhobo sele ekuveliseni photos ezimibalabala. Xa ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo le fowuni kuphucula umgangatho umfanekiso ngokwandisa uthelekiso kunye Ukwanda, nto leyo inokuthi inciphise inkungu.

izithintelo

Abo bantu abafuna ukufunda ukuthatha indlela imifanekiso elungileyo, izifundo iifoto ukusuka kumagcisa. Indlela yokusebenzisa lokucoca wokohlula? netoti wacela isixhobo kuyimfuneko ukuba umoya phezu kwekhamera. Kokutshintsha crystal kwi filter, kufuneka ukhethe iqondo ezinqwenelekayo nokwehlukana, sivumele capture ukuphelisa ilitha ngamanzi okanye iglasi kwaye ufumana amafu anoboya ezimhlophe ngakumbi, ezele isibhakabhaka.

Kukho imiqathango ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo ezifana:

• Batshintshana nokwehlukana filter kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuba isiphumo okulindelekileyo umda ndawo ziza kubekwa izidanga malunga-90 ukusuka kwindawo sokuqala. Ukuba ifowuni esijikeleziswa degrees 180, oku kushenxa kuzakubangela umfanekiso kule ngxuba sokuqala.
• "Polyariki" kubongoza wobhobhozayo ukukhanya nghena ikhamera CCD ngemehlo, ngoko iingcali badla ukunyusa imali eseleyo kwi-exposure isigaba 1-2.

ukushiyeka

izifundo photography ziyafuneka kwabasaqalayo ukwenza imifanekiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Siye safumanisa ukuba "polyariki" iluncedo kakhulu. Ngelishwa, banalo ububi zilandelayo:

• Ngenxa yoku, izixhobo exposure angacela ukukhanya ngakumbi ibe amaxesha 4-8 (amanyathelo 2-3) kunesiqhelo.
• Kufuneka i-engile ethile ngokumalunga ilanga ukufumana isiphumo engcono.
• Ngezi okucoca khamera viewfinder kunzima aseMpumalanga.
• Le yenye yezona zinto eninzi.
• Bafuna ukujikeleza, ngoko ukunyusa kukhethwe nokwakheka.
• Kaninzi abakwazi kusetyenziselwa ngokubanzi-engile kunye nemifanekiso sinye.
• Ukuba lokucoca ingcolile, ukuze sinciphise umgangatho umfanekiso.

Ngaphezu koko, amaxesha reflection ezifunekayo kumfanekiso. Owona mzekelo okuphawuleka umnyama kunye kwelanga. Iyafuna namnye kubo isicelo polarizer vangama enemibala kungaphela ngokupheleleyo okanye pobloknut.

kwezinye iingcebiso

Izihluzi kuba camera - iingcinga ezintsonkothileyo. Kodwa unako ukufunda ukusebenza nabo ekuhambeni kwexesha. "Polyarik" maxa wambi kusetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ixesha sesichengeni. Ekubeni kunokuba ukunciphisa amaxesha 4-8 (amanyathelo 2-3) ezosulela ukukhanya, inokusetyenziswa ukususa amanzi kunye neengxangxasi.

Ukuba ufake kwi polarizer kwi engile lens ububanzi, isenokwenza ekupheleni anomtsalane lifathul umfanekiso ( "omuhle"). Ukuze uphephe oku, mhlawumbi kufuneka ukuthenga "ezifihlakeleyo" ukhetho eqolo.

ISetyhula polarizers zamiswa kwindlela AF kunye wekhadi kwigumbi waqhubeka ukusebenza xa enxibe lokucoca ulwelo. Linear "polyariki" sitshiphu, kodwa ingasetyenziswa ngezininzi iikhamera SLR digital (ukusukela zisebenzisa kwisigaba Ubhaqo ukuxhomekeka kunye TTL - yolinganiso ngemehlo).