Eli ziko lomkhosi "Kamran", Vietnam

Ngexesha i Vietnam War, isiseko "Kamran" ise kumazantsi eli lizwe kunye wakhonza ngasemva ezinkulu US imikhosi aselwandle. iinjineli american bakha moya lula yaye port entsha nokubekwa iinqanawa. Le yaseFisantekraal yaba isiseko lweenkobe lomfundi 12 Tactical Fighter Iphiko kunye 483rd US Air Force zothutho okulwa etikweni. Ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iingcali emkhosini, ekuhlaseleni B-52 awupheli ilungiswe.

Ngowe-1972, i-US badlula isiseko "Kamran" ekusetyenzisweni yomkhosi Vietnamese. April lweSithathu 1975 isixeko ilawulwa ngumkhosi North Vietnamese. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha Spring ekhubekisayo.

History of the isiseko Russian emkhosini kwi "Cam Mr"

Ukususela 60s phakathi lwekhulu lokugqibela, iSoviet Navy waqalisa ukuhlola ulwandle, kwaye enze emkhosini apho. Iinqanawa ngwenya, moya iSoviet Air Force wahlala nobukhulu yolwandle ukwenzela ukugcina ukhuseleko kule ngingqi.

Ukwandisa inani iinqanawa elwandle, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezi moya ukusetyenziswa zomkhosi kwakufuneka inkxaso yobuchule. Ngenxa yokungabi neziseko phesheya, i-Main Abasebenzi Navy yaqalisa ukusebenza apho zachongwa izinto ezintsha ekhaya iinqanawa Soviet kunye moya kummandla kumazwe friendly eSoviet Union aye.

Yintoni eyabangela umdla kwi "Cam Mr?"

Base "Kamran", nto leyo ebikade isetyenziswa ngaphambili kwi US emkhosini, iye yaba enomtsalane ukuba imikhosi exhobileyo eSoviet Union, indawo yayo lweqhinga kubekho indawo iinqanawa kunye moya.

Indawo lula ngokwejiyografi ndawo kwenza kube lula ukulawula Malay kunye Singapore kwiStraits, ukwenza umsebenzi kwizifundo kwesimo radio, kwicala ziziphumo nePersian Gulf kunye Ocean kumantla Indian, South China Sea, uLwandle Philippine kunye eMpuma noLwandle China.

Kwakhona wabeka lizwe kwisikrini awodwa, nto leyo ezendeleyo nesantya okukhawulezileyo nophuhliso lobugcisa. Baye ke oovimba enkulu yeoli kude nonxweme, yaye ininzi kakhulu ukuthenga iimveliso ezintsha nezinto ekrwada izikhali.

Indlela ukubonisa iziko yomkhosi "Kamran" photo? Base Binba ibheyi apho kuyo, enyanisweni, into amalungiselelo ngaphakathi lizwe. Ubunzulu nobukhulu encamini kwenza kube lula ukuba kusekezela kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo noweenqanawa.

Ukongeza, usingasiqithi Cam Mr na inzuzo elikhulu ubunjani bendalo, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo likhuphe siseko. Apho, kukho isixa esikhulu samanzi acocekileyo, nto leyo ifanele ukusetyenziswa.

Ukongeza, i-mkhumbi, iindlela, kunye nezakhiwo zakhiwe naseMelika, kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukutyikitywa kwesivumelwano yokurenta

Ekupheleni 1978, Vietnam watyelelwa igqiza abameli eSoviet Union. Yaba umyalelo omkhulu ulawulo lwezithuthi Pacific Navy kaThixo. Le anesithoba kaDisemba bavumelana iingongoma eziphambili isivumelwano, waza ke utyikitye protocol, ezaba sisiseko thethwano malunga nokudalwa E & P kunye nokwabelana yalo Vietnam.

Owesibini ngoMeyi 1979 yaye utyikitye isivumelwano mazwe etyikitywe ziinkokeli eSoviet Union kunye Vietnam. Le mvumelwano obuqhajelweyo isiseko irente-free engama-25.

Zingaphi aselwandle iinqanawa kufuneka lusekelwe?

Ngokuhambelana kunye nesivumelwano, kwi kwisiseko Vietnamese emkhosini "Kamran" unelungelo lokuba bahlale: iinqanawa Ten eSoviet esasisiya freeboard, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezisibhozo kunye nesiseko phenyane, kunye neempahla ezintandathu aselwandle ezinye iinjongo.

Kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya ke lavunyelwa ukuba amiswe elinesithandathu moya, abathwali enomjukujelwa, moya kwesimo ezilithoba kunye nempahla zezithuthi emoyeni ezintathu.

Kuxhomekeka imeko emkhosini-kwezopolitiko ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi iSebe lezoKhuselo USSR kunye Vietnam INR, oko wavunyelwa ukuba ukwandisa inani iinqanawa kunye moya.

Qala yophuhliso yommandla

photos Naval BASE "Kamran 'zithiwe thaca ngezantsi, waqalisa ukuhlola ngoMeyi 1979 Eyokuqala waya iinqanawa eSoviet. Kulo nyaka ehlotyeni kwizibuko Vietnamese balibeka inkwili yenyukliya K-45. Kungekudala kwi kwisiseko, "Kamran" aerodrome kuhlala moya ye-Pacific Fleet.

Ebusika ka-1979 njengesifundo ebalulekileyo njengoko base Cam Mr, bafika e-Chief Fleet eSoviet Union Admiral Gorshkov. Nolwazi kwiziko yasemkhosini kwisifundo yemini.

Inxalenye yokuqala Pacific Fleet wamajoni safika isiseko ngo-Apreli kunyaka 1980. Kwakugcwele kwabantu 54. Ngoko ke iqela wakhuliswa kunye signalmen yabantu 24. Abasebenzi ayehlala kule izindlu endala Vietnamese neentente.

Ukususela 1983 ukuya 1991, Cam Mr rapolagaût butho ukusetyenziswa zokusebenza 17, yaye ukususela ngo-Agasti 1991 ukuya kuDisemba 1991 - 8 OPESK.

Yiyiphi imisebenzi kuzisukela imikhosi namazibuko eSoviet Union?

Ngenye into qhinga, njengokuba isiseko Russian e Cam Mr Bay, ngokomlomo Navy kunye norhulumente waseSoviet lawo ayefakwe kuyo iqela lemisebenzi.

ezi njongo zilandelayo ziye zachongwa:

• ukubonelela umbane zonke iimpahla berthed ethekwini "Kamran", kwakunye nokunika-moya kunye ukutya kunye namanzi;
• ukuze agcine umgangatho ofanayo ka-MTS imfuyo, umba undihlangule kwi izikhephe abapasa kunye nenkxaso yobuchule sikhundla;
• ukuthwala iinqanawa WiMAX Pacific kunye Indian Ocean;
• sebenzisa "Kamran" isiseko moya ukwabiwa anti-moya kunye moya sokuhlola;
• nokugcina izibonelelo zabo;
• ukuphuhlisa nokugcina ubuhlobo Russian-Vietnamese kunye nentsebenziswano.

Ziziphi iinjongo ibe lula ukusetyenziswa siseko?

Ukusetyenziswa kwale asset ngobuchule, njengesiseko, "Kamran" iSoviet Navy wenza kube lula ukuba imiba dilesi ephathelele ekuqinisekiseni oovimba eyimfuneko iinqanawa moya, ogama msebenzi isisombululo kwiingxaki kumanqanaba angafaniyo ngobunzima.

"Kamran" yaba isiseko kuphela wamajoni Soviet Russia, leyo yayimi kumgama oziikhilomitha 2,500 ukusuka kwizibuko elikufutshane eSoviet.

"Kamran" njengesibambiso uxolo

Base "Kamran" yaba inkulu Military Base USSR amazwe. Ngelo xesha, yena wenza nje counterweight ukuya aselwandle kwisiseko American 'Subic Bay' kwiiPhilippines. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba sigcine uxolo nozinzo mpuma Asia.

Soviet Air Force iziseko

Ngokutsho data kunyaka 1986, esisekweni moya "Kamran" a eyahlukileyo elingumxube lweenqwelo butho OSAP, kuquka oko kuthetha Tu-95, moya ezine Tu-142 sitya ngaphezu ezine, malunga namashumi amabini moya Tu-16, iiyunithi Moment malunga neshumi elinesihlanu -25, ezimbini moya yezothutho AN-24 kunye ezintathu Mi-8-ntaka. Ukongeza moya webutho, wabelwa anti-ngwenya kunye enomjukujelwa izixhobo inobutshijolo.

Ukwakhiwa ekampini kunye zokuhlala izakhiwo Vietnam

Yintoni asayina isivumelwano malunga into ngobuchule ezibalulekileyo ezifana isiseko "Kamran" (saseVietnam)? 1984 kwaphawula isivumelwano esitsha. Isivumelwano phakathi eSoviet Union kunye Vietnam eyasayinwa ngomhla Aprili 20, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa ekampini kunye nezinye izibonelelo ngokuncama uncedo eziphathekayo ukuya eVietnam ukusuka eSoviet Union.

Kweli xesha ukusukela ku-1985 ukuya 1987, umbutho ukwakhiwa yiSoviet Union "Zagrantehstroy", leyo rukvodil ES Bobrenev, uye wakha izinto ezahlukeneyo 28. Ngaba oko bakha kunye namakhaya.

Inani kaNdikhoyo ekampini ngelo xesha abantu malunga 6,000, kungabandakanywa abantu abaqeshwe zokwakha. Isivumelwano we-20 Apreli 1984 ngaphandle ngokutshintshelwa kwicala Vietnamese kwi ukusetyenziswa uncompensated.

Nebhetshi yokuqala izinto kwakhiwa ngoDisemba 1987, emva kokuba zagunyaziswa ziingcali yiSoviet ngokusekelwe sokuqeshisa ukulwa.

Ukunciphisa ubukho imikhosi Soviet ngokusekelwe "Kamran"

Inani imikhosi Soviet kwi kwisiseko waqala ukwehla ekupheleni kuka-1980. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwinqaku lephephandaba "PRAVDA" yomhla January 19, 1990, ukuncitshiswa ubukho imikhosi yiSoviet kwi Kamrani yabanjwa kwisakhelo kweendlela zokunciphisa ubungakanani semkhosini USSR e-East Asia kunye umsebenzi ngendlela ethile nje ngoyaba le wePasifiki.

Ekupheleni 1989, kukho ziye ngokufuduswa ukuya MIG-23 kunye Tu-16. Ekuqaleni kuka-1990, kukho ibutho enye kuphela ngokusekelwe ukwakhiwa bume equlathe moya ezilishumi.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1992 no-1993, "Kamrani" wenzela 119 Brigade, equka kumalungu ngeenqanawa zalo zahlukeneyo kunye moya. Ekubeni ekwindla ka-1993, eli qela iye wapheliswa. Inxalenye eseleyo kuwo ukungeniswa E & P 922.

Kule 90 yokuqala izibonelelo ezininzi zibuko ezidluliselwe kwicala Vietnamese ilifa ngokusisigxina.

base Naval "Kamran" yathatha de-2002.

Oko kuquka iziseko?

Izakhiwo ongenasakhiwo ziingcali yiSoviet kwaye Russian emkhosini?

Kunye imi- 90-nokupheliswa i-E & P e Cam Mr (April 2002), eSoviet, kwaye ke iingcali Russian baye basebenzisa inani lezinto. Naval BASE "Kamran" (saseVietnam) iye:

• inkampu yomkhosi, equka kwikomkhulu yinqubo kubasebenzi;
• igumbi lokutyela abantu 250;
• yokubhaka;
• geza, ilondolo plant;
• isakhiwo club;
• isikolo semfundo ephakamileyo;
• elinesibhozo izindlu injongo zokuhlala;
• yokugcina izixhobo;
• wezithuthi kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa zobugcisa.

zone pier iquka:

• kwifama itanki ukugcina izithambiso kunye nezibaso.
• Ezimbini kwisiqandisi iitoni 279 ka ngenxa yokugcina lweemveliso zokutya.
• Elinambini yokugcina izixhobo metal.
• isixhobo ezimbini Ukudla eziquka amaqula ezintandathu ukubonelela ngamanzi ekampini. Omnye wabo liqhutywa kuphela unikezelo iinqanawa kunye moya.
• isityalo amandla idizili Central, leyo ngamandla 24,000 kW. Uyilelwe ukuba babonelele umbane kuzo zonke izakhiwo ekampini, kwaye izinto neSPV "Kamrani."

Ukususela ngo-1995, elo ziko lomkhosi eVietnam "Kamran" ifoto ukuba thaca kweli nqaku iqukwe amalungu la macandelo alandelayo:

• E & P ulawulo;
• wenkonzo yemali;
• iyunithi yonxibelelwano;
• kwingqwayi Aviation;
• inkonzo impahla;
• yokugcina yokugcina isibaso;
• inkonzo ukudla;
• ilondolo;
• umphathi-mkhosi;
• ISebe leeNkonzo zobunjineli Marine;
• inkampani unogada yabucala;
• gumbi Sanitary;
• isebe umlilo;
• ofisi zasendle;
• Hospital Naval;
• kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.

Indlela abantu abaninzi abaphila ikampu?

Ukususela ngowe-1995 ukuya 2002 ekampini wayephila abantu malunga 600-700. Lowo inani ubuncinane leengcali, injongo komsebenzi apho ukuqinisekisa ubomi obuqhelekileyo kaNdikhoyo ekampini. Bayithatha iinjongo zobuchule eziphambili E & P.

Ingozi emasikizi ngokusekelwe "Kamran"

"Kamran" (isiseko yomkhosi wamanzi) yaba indawo ntlekele ngo-1995. Disemba yeshumi ngexesha igqampe esisekweni moya intlitheke ezintathu Su-27 karma besive butho "Russian Knights". Babuya ekhaya kunye umoya show, eyayibanjelwe e-Malaysia.

Ubudlelwane phakathi Russia kunye Vietnam kule minyaka babangenagama

Yonke imisebenzi into ebalulekileyo njenge ziko lomkhosi e Cam Mr Bay, kwenzeka kusemnandi ngokusebenzisana ngokusondeleleneyo kunye neengcaphephe Vietnamese. zomkhosi yethu wasebenza isandla ngesandla nge oomatiloshe IDB abo besemsebenzini kufuphi, ekusingasiqithi.

Ukongeza ekusombululeni iinjongo zobuchule emkhosini ingxaki intsebenziswano, ukuba yaqaphela intsebenziswano kwisigaba inkcubeko kunye nemidlalo. Kunye ngokoyisa Vietnam kuphawula leeholide zikazwelonke. Konke oku negalelo ekudalweni ngobubele.

Kwaye yintoni ke?

NgoFebruwari 2014 i-Russian yoKhuselo uMphathiswa Sergei Shoigu kwachazwa ukuba iRussia iceba ukwandisa ubukho bayo kwezomkhosi ehlabathini. Kulo mba, kwakukho thethwano esebenzayo kwi ngokusasazwa kwamaziko emkhosini eVietnam.

Shoigu waphawula ukuba eli ziko lomkhosi kufuneka imane moya Russian emkhosini, eyenzelwe moya ezihamba imigama.

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-2014 isiseko moya "Kamran" waqalisa ukusetyenziswa ekuncedeni Russian Il-78, okwaye kwabonelela amafutha ngo-flight kokufaka abathwali enomjukujelwa zomkhosi Tu-95 MS.

Nokuba ukunikezela eRashiya ngokupheleleyo Vietnam "Cam Mr?" Isiseko yasemkhosini ukuba zivuleleke Umnyango iinqanawa Russian. Lo mba waye kuxoxwe ukutyelelwa uNobhala Jikelele Communist Party. Kuye kwavunyelwana ukuba isivumelwano esisemthethweni Vietnam iza kutyobelwa kwixa elizayo.

Ngokutsho Russian Ministry of Defence, iinqanawa zethu kunye nempahla ukuba sikhonze kwi Pacific Ocean kufuneka azise kuphela abasemagunyeni Vietnamese ngokungena kwabo ibe kwizibuko wamajoni Cam Mr. Yaba isiganeko enkulu, njengoko Vietnam uye waba imeko yesibini emva Aram, nto leyo eye wavumela ukuba ukuqalisa iinqanawa yamajoni Russian waseManzini kwi emdeni wabo. Iingcali ezininzi wamajoni wabonisa ukuba indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa kunye nento yokuba Vietnam kudala ingqalelo ukuba eRashiya iqabane ngokomda emkhosini-technical.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izivumelwano ezininzi isayinwe ixabiso elipheleleyo $ 4.5 yezigidi zezigidi. Ngo-2014, eRashiya zathunyelwe Vietnam lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezintandathu idizili iklasi 06.361 "Warszawianka", ifakwe enomjukujelwa esimbaxa Club-S. complex wonxweme mobile "eBastion" wakhuliswa, kwakunye GIS "Horizon" isistim PBRK. Vietnam iyalele izikhephe zomkhosi uchwetheze "Umbane", frigates Ajikeleza indawo 11661 "Gepard-39", kwakunye karma iinqwelomoya Su-30 MK2.

Tando ngomso?

Kuba iya kunikwa ngokusesikweni base Russian "Kamran"? Vietnam kule akhawunti unesikhundla edidayo. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, urhulumente uye ukubuya amajoni IsiRashiya ukuya emazantsi, ukuba ubambiswano akayi kuba isoyikiso yasemkhosini kumazwe wesithathu.

ubudlelwane la mazwe mabini, kufuneka kuphela noxolo. Esi sikhundla wabonakaliswa 17 Meyi, Ambassador of Vietnam kwilizwe lethu, Nguyen Than Shon. Waphawula ukuba umgaqo-Vietnamese isekelwe kwinto yokuba akukho imifela naliphi na ilizwe, njengoko kuchasene kwenye.

Ngonozakuzaku waphawula ukuba, kule meko, ukubonelela zibuko Kamrani yinto ephambili. Injongo intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe amabini aya kuba ukubonelelwa ngeenkonzo elwandle ukulungiswa kwimikhumbi kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo lomkhosi ukulondoloza uxolo nozinzo kummandla wePasifiki.

Nguyen Thanh Sean kwachazwa ukuba Hanoi azimisele ukuqhubeka ngentsebenziswano ne-Russia kwicandelo sokuzithethelela. Kwakhona kwakusithiwa ukuba Vietnam wayesoloko waqonda naseRussia njengohlobo iqabane lobuhlobo.

ICandelo loMphathiswa Defence ingxelo ukuba iziseko Russian emkhosini kanti basebenza eCuba kunye e Vietnam. Imiqathango ethile ukubeka azikhange ekhankanyiweyo. Kwaqondwa ukuba thethwana kweli cala.

NguDmitry Peskov wachaza ukuba kungenzeka wokusekela inkcazo kula mazwe, iimfuno zesizwe lizwe lethu. Peskov Kwakhona wathi imeko kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele iye langoku kakhulu kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, kwaye izilungiso lungako lwenziwayo kule nkqubo yokhuseleko of Russia.

Yaye ngoko into esasingayilindelanga. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwakukho inkcazelo malunga nakwenzeka lokufumana Russia kwiziko efana base "Kamran". Vietnam wenza isaziso ngokusesikweni. Oku kwaziswa kwintlanganiso emfutshane yesishwankathelo cofa e Hanoi, uMphathiswa Foreign of Vietnam Le Hai Binh. Ngokutsho kwakhe, Vietnam uyala ukuvuma ukuba nommandla wayo iinqwelwana zomkhosi yamanye amazwe, kuquka naseRashiya.