Emibonweni zobunene

ideology ekhululekile - mfundiso idumileyo,-siseko engundoqo apho kwasekwa ngenkulungwane ye-17. imvelaphi yayo inxulumene ngqo kwi neziphithiphithi yongxowankulu, owenzeka kwiinkulungwane 17-18. Kwakukho umzabalazo kunye amabhodlo feudalism, okufana elo xesha. Yeyona kukusekwa yongxowankulu. Ngoko, kwixesha elitsha wathabatha yimfundiso uya kudibana umoya xesha, njengoko isenguye iingcamango eziphambili kwezopolitiko engasekho ukumelana umsebenzi wayo. Baba-ebizwa ngokuba liberalism.

Le ideology iye yasekwa phantsi kwempembelelo umsebenzi izazinzulu ezifana uYohane. Mill, uYohane. Locke, uAdam Smith, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Imigaqo esisiseko kwale mfundiso kwenziwa "Declaration of the Rights of Man" ye kwisampula ka1789, ngokunjalo kwi isiFrentshi siseko, epapashwe ngo Ngo1791.

Ziziphi iingcamango ezisisiseko amabhere iyathandwa ngenxa njengoko kwiimbono zobunene? Umgqaliselo kukuba amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko kwabaphambili abaphezulu ngaphezu kwiimfuno kukarhulumente kunye noluntu. Oko kukuthi, liberalism entsha exabisekileyo wamemezela. isiqalelo lwiimi kule mfundiso zithathwa inkululeko yezoqoqosho, kunokwenzeka ukuba azibandakanye ngokukhuselekileyo imisebenzi zoshishino. Umgaqo ezisisiseko liberalism kukubaluleka kunye ephambili kwipropati yabucala kurhulumente.

Cinga iimpawu eziphambili le mfundiso. Okokuqala, kwiimbono melo angenela inkululeko ummi ngamnye. Okwesibini, le mfundiso kugqalwa ukhuseleko ebalulekileyo onke amalungelo oluntu asisiseko. Okwesithathu, kuba inkululeko msebenzi loshishino kunye ephambili obunini propati. Okwesine, yinto kubaluleke kakhulu ukulingana ithuba ngaphezu ukulingana kwezentlalo. Okwesihlanu, ukwahlulwa uluntu kunye norhulumente. LeSithandathu, nguye ukulingana ngokusemthethweni abantu. Seventh, ukuba unyulo simahla kuwo onke amasebe amandla. Yesibhozo, oko ke ukubaluleka kwamalungelo ne usisiqinisekiso non-zingaphazanyiswa kuyo evela kurhulumente.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwiimbono classical zobunene kuye kwakhokelela kwezinye izenzakalo ezimbi. Okokuqala, ukuba umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu. Okwesibini, ukhuphiswano mda, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kukufakwa imibutho ezincinane enkulu. Xa ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko aba kulawulwa bodwa, nto leyo echasene iingcamango ezingundoqo liberalism.

I "bayatyatyamba" omtsha le mfundiso yaqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ngeli xesha, emva iingxoxo ezininzi, ezinye iingcamango liberalism sele zihlaziyiwe. Le mfundiso ngokwayo igama. Ngoku ebizwa ngokuba "inqubo." Phawula indlela eyahluke ukusuka imfundiso zoqobo. A ideology entsha zezopolitiko melo ithetha isivumelwano phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye nabaphathi. Athwala ingcamango kwedemokhrasi, ukuba ubotshiwe nxaxheba abemi ebomini kwezopolitiko. imfundiso Advanced uyakuqonda ukubaluleka ulawulo imo kwiindawo zentlalo noqoqosho (kubandakanywa umda ukuyilwa abadibeneyo). Inqubo ithetha imibandela ethile amalungelo zentlalo, ingakumbi ilungelo umhlalaphantsi, abasebenzi kunye nemfundo. Izazinzulu zithi ukukhuselwa abantu iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ezibi neziphumo inkqubo nemakethe.

Ukuphuculwa liberalism ithandwa kumazwe amaninzi phambili. Inqubo lisebenza njengesiseko ekubunjweni karhulumente, enika ukulingana esemthethweni abemi, uphuhliso yesiqhelo rhwebo kwaye usisiqinisekiso nenkululeko yokuba zonke zabantu. Okwangoku, le mfundiso kubhekwa phakathi omnye iingcamango eziphambili kwezopolitiko.