EMoscow: indalo. Uhlobo, iimpawu ezinika

Lo mmandla eMoscow ise embindini East European Valley. Yaye phakathi kwayo ngu eMoscow, kwaye nohlobo oko kubangelwa ikakhulu kwindawo yayo kwaye kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka uhlobo amadlelo kunye nommandla lonke.

indawo Geographical

Ukuya emntla capital Russian yi sigutyungelwe Upper iVolga nelezihlambo nakumzantsi kulala iinduli i ESmolensk-Moscow inkangala. Kule ndawo kukho amachibi emininzi imilambo, nto leyo zavela kakhulu kwi Klin-Dmitrov Ridge (inxalenye North-yasentshona ESmolensk-Moscow, inkangala), nto leyo yomlambo, kwaye iqukuqela mhlawumbi kungena iVolga, okanye Oka. I Moskva-Oka plain kunye nelungu ngaye Teplostanskoy inkangala ohlala kumntla-ntshona lommandla eMoscow. Kule leentaba indawo iphezulu (253 meters), nto leyo inama eMoscow ngqo ngokwalo. Nature capital ezingqongileyo sizimisele nezihlambo Amathafa Mescherskaya, engenayo ukusuka empuma ukuya nesinqumka wabumba Klyazma kunye Moskva umlambo. Zaokskaya plain ivale mmandla ukusuka ezantsi.

Ngohlangothi imilambo, amachibi, amahlathi ...

esemazantsi Plain, nasezindulini, imilambo, nto leyo kummandla kukho malunga 2000 iziqwenga, konke oku kugqiba ubukho imozulu ethile, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana okuluphawu kummandla eMoscow eMoscow ngokwayo. Uhlobo eyinkunzi kunye mmandla eziyingqongileyo, ezintle ngokungaqhelekanga, nangona ifuthe esebenzayo anthropogenic (ngokupheleleyo naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi yabantu ngokunxulumene kwindalo). oki Relict kunye namahlathi coniferous wagubungela-40% yendawo yonke, ukanti namadlelo emahlathini ifihle 42% (2168 ha) indawo. Amadlelo, namasimi, ngokuzolileyo elibaleka imilambo, amadobo (enikwe kuphela imvula) kunye nemiwonyo ekhuselweyo - ngoko Kubonakala ngathi uhlobo eMoscow kunye mmandla.

ehlathini

Ukuze asindise lonke ubungangamsha yendalo, indoda, enyanisweni, utshaba ibalulekileyo, ukuzama ukwenza konke okusemandleni am. Idala ekhuselweyo uqoqosho, ezifana i "Zavidovo", okanye iipaki zesizwe ezifana "Ixhama Island", ebandakanya masimu Oka Biosphere Reserve. Xa namadlelo, zininzi amahlathi zasesekondari, yenyuka ukungena kwisayithi kunye namasimi. Ahluke emahlathini oyinhloko lula isakhiwo ukungcola ezinkulu ezinde Aspen. E Moscow ngokwayo, nathi, 40% yesixeko zigqunywe ngamahlathi, phakathi leyo 21% yile amahlathi ngcu (Serebryany Janai, obegalelwe intsimi kukho imithi ngcu kweminyaka ukuya kwiminyaka-170). amahlathi nespruce, kuba ethe-ethe kakhulu ungcoliseko, wahlala encinane kakhulu - 2% kuphela. On Losiny Ostrov kusekho imizekelo yobudala ukuya kwiminyaka 130. EMoscow amahlathi wofika zisasazwa uhlobo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: - 10% mioki (Izmailovskiy park), Basswood -18% ezinde luthathe 39 kwindawo%, Aspen - 4%.

Iintlobo amahlathi etyalwe eMoscow mmandla

Ingakumbi uhlobo eMoscow ngenxa yokuba yena, sifana nenxalenye mmandla, ubuxoki kwi ekudibaneni yehlathi-emathafeni kunye nehlathi imimandla. Oko kukuthi, lo mmandla ihlaza. North nasentshonalanga le ndawo kuhlala phakathi-nespruce kunye pine amahlathi. Meshcherskaya nelezihlambo empumalanga indawo inxalenye umdla nompleyini zayisithelisa hlathi uluhlu nezihlambo Amathafa imithi alder. Centre of kummandla kwaye kuso eMoscow, uhlobo leyo zizityebi hlathi coniferous-avuthulukayo amahlathi esemazantsi, igcwele uluhlaza kunye kwemithi, birches kunye Iaspen, uyabusa kwi undergrowth of amangile. Esinga kwelasezantsi - ummandla oki ebanzi-zodonga, ukongeza apho kukho holly kunye maple, kunye Elm kunye Linden. Kunye nakummandla ommandla inguqu kwi (ukusuka emathafeni ukuya emathafeni) endulini eMoscow-Oka kunjalo wafumana lokulima nespruce, umzekelo, kwi eliphezulu Lopasnya River. Kodwa kufutshane ngasezantsi kusiba kuzo amahlathi, emathafeni-ezifana iziqithi eluhlaza phakathi amathafa, amahlathi oki, uthuthu kunye nemithi maple. Ekupheleni komzantsi kwindawo igutyungelwe amahlathi emathafeni, nto leyo ilinywa phantse ngokupheleleyo kwaye zigcinwe ngendlela yayo yoqobo, nokuba zale ncwadi.

nokulungiswa iimpazamo

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba ngexesha lethu yinto reforestation esebenzayo. Kwaye ibonisa umntu babuyele kwindalo, ukuyeka kuphela zengqondo yabathengi. On Shaturskie Lukhovitsky nemigxobhozo akhiwe ngasempumalanga mmandla, ngokuya baqala ukuhlangana abaqalayo phakathi izityalo zomthonyama.

Beauty akayi kumbulala

Imisebenzi yabantu ikhankanywe ngasentla kuquka ezidolophini kummandla, zokwanda kwenani elikhulu labantu, ukufumaneka kunye nokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kweendlela kunye nemizila kaloliwe, indawo utshintsho hydrography (iinguqulelo komlambo, ukuvela amadama amatsha, njalo-njalo), nenkitha izakhiwo, konke ukuba kufuneka ikhatshwe sixeko sikhulu, ikomkhulu karhulumente omkhulu. Kodwa, uhlobo eMoscow kunye nommandla eMoscow walukuhlwa kanye Yuriya Dolgorukogo, kwaye kule mihla elungileyo kakhulu kwaye zahlukene.

Ngobuninzi zezilo

Nangona izenzo zabantu emibi, wahlala khona, okanye abameli ezininzi zehlabathi isilwanyana. Phakathi ummandla eMoscow baphile iintlobo 60-70 ezincancisayo. Ngaphandle kwabo, kwafunyanwa khona izirhubuluzi (6), izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini (7), intlanzi (40). Nokuba zingaphi iintaka apha! Lweentlobo 120 ahlala namadlelo, 29 ukugqobhoza kwimimandla engundoqo komzi. Kwaye kule ndawo, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 abahlala apha ngokusisigxina okanye kukho iintaka kweminwe. Izinambuzane kwakhona isixa esikhulu - iintlobo 135 amabhabhathane, 300 (-yeshumi elinye inyosi enkulu enoboya) iintlobo iinyosi. Ukongeza, apho kwafunyanwa iintethe (8), iinkumbi (23), amabhungane emhlabeni, bugs, uhlabamanzi, iimbovane, iimpukane thaca kunye iintlobo 50. 9 Kwaye bangena Book oluBomvu - iintlobo 4 blues, kunye neentlobo-5 ziimbovane. Nokucoceka kwamanzi eMoscow uthi kukho abantu eziliqela Ufudo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mmandla. I Book Red ababhalise iintlobo ezilishumi elinambini zezilwanyana abahlala ngaphakathi kummandla eMoscow.

Wildlife diversity eMoscow

uhlobo hlathi zezilwanyana, nto leyo aqheleka kakhulu entsimini, nembila thaca kunye nomatse eziphaphazelayo. Iintaka kakhulu zixhaphakileyo icula, capercaillie, bullfinch, kwakunye Tit willow, crossbill-Elovikov, yaye Redwing blackbird-ryabinovik. Iyantlukwano yobume eMoscow imelwe ziintlobo ezinjalo kwezilwanyana ezinkulu ezifumaneka amahlathi wofika, nelinqa kunye yasendle, nezirhwexu nezamaxhamakazi, marten nompleyini ngoboya kunye polecat. Kufutshane kwisixeko esikhulu aphile Sony kunye owl tawny. Kutheni na ezi ntlobo zibizwa ngokunxulumene hayi kuphela mmandla, kodwa eMoscow ngokwawo? Ngenxa enye iipaki yokuqala wesizwe eRashiya - "Ixhama" kwisiqithi ", apho phantse zonke ezi izilwanyana ezihlala, ukwakweli ummandla eMoscow, ngaphakathi kwesixeko.

uhlobo lwendawo

A sezulu lwezwekazi eMoscow na, enyanisweni, utshintsho ukusuka athambileyo ezibukhali lizwekazi European Asia. Ngokufutshane, imozulu eMoscow lula kakhulu - ubusika obuzolileyo kwaye ehlotyeni nokufuma kakhulu. Adunyiswe zizizukulwana ezininzi ezakudala Russian, bume inzalelwane eMoscow kufuphi kwaye dear bonke Russian, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba uthando lwakhe iza umntu ubisi kanina, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngokwenene Akumangalisi elungileyo. Kwanele ukubona kususelwa mizobo abaculi Russian kunye ekhoyo ngokubanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba la amazwi alambathayo. Usapho kubonakala polenovskie "eMoscow Yard" yaye "Garden Loomakhulu", Oyinoneleleyo Pimenovsky "New Moscow", kodwa intliziyo yam iba lihlwili evela amakhulu mizobo ngamachule endawo, obonisa uhlobo elizweni labo lokuzalwa. Moscow - isixeko lweenkobe Russian, ibekwe intliziyo inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, yaye ngoko ke uhlobo eMoscow imele Russia, nangona uhlobo lizwe omnye ethile inxalenye umboniso nzima.

zemvelo eMoscow

EMoscow kunye nommandla eMoscow eninzi ezinika zendalo. Ezi ziquka, kuqala, "Serebryany Janai" yaye "Ixhama Island". kodwa "Black Lake" yaye "Botanical Garden Vilar" ingabizwa ukusuka kuluhlu umxhelo. izinto ezinomdla ezi "Valley of the Nativity Mitino mlanjana" yaye "neenduli Natural Reserve Krylatskiye." Njengoko kwakunye "Biruliovsky Arboretum" yaye "Big Vostryukovsky ichibi" kunye zemvelo elinesibini, ukutyelela apho ungafumana ukuba kuthethwa uhlobo eMoscow kunye nommandla eMoscow.