Erik Satie: buchopho okanye ephambeneyo?

Enye abaqambi kakhulu isimanga impikiswano imbali umculo kuthathwa Erik Satie. Biography umqambi izele izibakala, xa engenako yothuse abahlobo bakhe abawathandayo, kuqala ngengcwangu ukukhusela ingxelo mnye, uze waphika kumsebenzi wabo theoretical component. Kwiminyaka 90 kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, Erik Satie wadibana Karlom Debyussi ze alelwe emva ixesha yokusebenza ezinobuchule Richard Wagner - wakhuthaza inkxaso impressionism ukuqanduselwa kuphela umculo, ngenxa yokuba ekuqaleni ngokutsha sobugcisa yesizwe yaseFransi. Kamva, umqambi UErik Satie waba ingxabano esebenzayo kunye ngabaxelisa isimbo Impressionism. Xa prtivoves ephemerality nondiliseko wamvusa ecacileyo, ujoliso kunye nemicwe ku notation.

Satie zaba nempembelelo kakhulu kwi abaqambi owenza i njalo-ebizwa ngokuba "ezintandathu". Yena waye wavukela angonwabi owayezama ayingqinelani iipateni ezingqondweni zabantu. Wabakhokela isihlwele abalandeli abathande imfazwe Satie kunye philistinism, amazwi akhe ngenkalipho malunga ubugcisa nomculo ingakumbi.

iminyaka Early

Erik Satie wazalwa ngo-1866. Uyise wayesebenza port kumthengisi. Nokuba esemncinane Eric oselula ingqalelo umculo wabonisa nobuchule ephawulekayo, kodwa ekubeni akukho namnye close engaganwanga emculweni, ezi nzame ziye ngoyaba. Kuphela xa ndandineminyaka eli-12, xa le ntsapho yagqiba ukutshintsha indawo yabo yokuhlala e Paris, Eric wawongwa izifundo umculo rhoqo. Ngelo elinesibhozo, Erik Satie wangena somculo e Paris. Wafunda izifundo ezintsonkothileyo yeengcingane, waba phakathi kwawo ngokuvumelana. Kwakhona wayefunda ipiyano. Imfundo kwi somculo zange ukwanelisa endalweni elizayo. Uwisa isifundo kwaye ingena emkhosini njengevolontiya.

Emva konyaka, uEric wabuyela Paris. Usebenza part-time xa cafe encinane njengoko nomdlali. Kwenye kumaziko anjalo Montmartre, yaye kwakukho intlanganiso sibi kunye Karlom Debyussi, ngubani wachukunyiswa kunye nomdla ukhetho angaqhelekanga evumelanayo ezilula, zibonakala aqamba imvumi abaselula. Debussy bade bagqiba ukwenza i orchestration ukwenzela umjikelo nepiyano Satie - "Gymnopédies". Iimvumi ngoku ngabahlobo. uluvo lwabo kwakubaluleke kakhulu enye kwenye, nto leyo enokukhokelela Debussy Satie ukusuka ihlombe wakhe umculo lwe Wagner.

Ukufudukela Arkay

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba SATI ushiya Paris kwidolophana yase Arcueil. Wathabatha igumbi cheap kancinane entla a cafe encinane wayeka nabani ukuqala. Nkqu abahlobo abakhulu nako ukubuya. Ngenxa yoku, SATI igama elithi "Ilolo Arkeysky." Wahlala yedwa, akazange abone imfuneko kwiintlanganiso kunye nabapapashi, akazange athathe imiyalelo elikhulu inzuzo evela zinkundla. Ngamaxesha athile wabonwa kwizangqa ephawulekayo eParis, abanikela umsebenzi zomculo entsha. Kwaye emva kokuba yonke le dolophu wayethetha oku, SATI waphinda iziqhulo, amazwi akhe, kwaye ubungqongqo abadumileyo lomculo weli xesha, yaye malunga ngobugcisa jikelele.

Twentieth Century Satie idibana ukufunda. Ukususela 1905 ukuya 1908, xa wayeneminyaka engama-39 ubudala, Erik Satie wafunda kwi Schola cantorum. Wafunda ukwakheka kunye counterpoint kunye A. Roussel kunye O. Sere. umculo Early Erik Satie lisukela emva ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, i-imi- 80-90. Olu "Mass amahlwempu 'ukuba ikwayara kunye iziko, umjikelo ngepiyano" Dlala Cold "yaye" Gymnopédies' odumileyo.

Intsebenziswano Cocteau. Ballet "Parade"

Sele 20 SATI ipapasha ukhetho lamaqhosha nepiyano ukuba abe isakhiwo engaqhelekanga kunye negama engaqhelekanga: "isikhumba zehashe", "Pieces ezithathu ngohlobo eliphakathi," "omileyo Imibungu", "inkcazelo Automatic". Kwangaxeshanye, wabhala ecacileyo, iingoma emnandi kakhulu eziliqela waltz, izinto ezo ezenzeka engqondweni yoluntu. Ngowe-1915 Satie Kulindelwe intlanganiso ebalulekileyo Jean Cocteau, umbhali, imbongi nomculo mhlalutyi. Ukususela oko kwathi isindululo ukuseka, kunye ballet odumileyo uPicasso ngenxa qembu Diaghilev kaThixo. Ngowe-1917, inzala yabo - ballet "Parade" - sapapashwa.

Ngabom, yaye accentuated ngabom primitivism ukujongelwa euphony umculo, esongeza nomphambukeli score iyalila umatshini wokuchwetheza, mkhosi esinye isithuthi yaba unobangela olugwebayo elikhulu yokuhlaselwa karhulumente nabagxeki, leyo, Noko ke, akazange ayeke umqambi kunye namaqabane akhe. Umculo ballet "Parade" Asabela holo lomculo, kwaye umxholo embhoxo uncuthu wayecula ezitratweni.

Drama "uSocrates"

Ngowe-1918 Satie wabhala umsebenzi ngokupheleleyo ezahlukeneyo. drama Symphonic bememelela, "uSocrates", umbhalo apho wakhonza njengoko iingxoxo yokuqala wombhali uPlato, ovalelweyo, crystal ecacileyo, nokuba isicefe. It has akukho frills nemidlalo ukuze uluntu. Yeyona uchasaniso "Parade", nangona phakathi kwabo ukubhala phezu nje konyaka. Ekupheleni "kaSocrates" Erik Satie Wakhuthaza ingcamango nempahla, ukhatshwa ngumculo, eya kusebenza sizoku kwimicimbi yemihla ngemihla.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Liqukumbele ubomi bakho bexakekile Satie wadibana ngoxa babehlala kwihlomela enye ka Paris. Akazange ukudibana kunye bakhe nabahlobo bakudala, kubandakanywa nabo i "Six". Erik Satie abamngqongileyo isangqa of Abaqambi ezintsha. Ngoku ke bazibize "sikolo Arkeyskoy." Kwakukho Cliquet-Pleyel, Corey, uYakobi, yaye umqhubi Dezormer. Iimvumi kuxoxwa art entsha ngesimilo lwentando yesininzi. Ngomhla kokufa leSATI phantse akukho mntu waziyo. Oku ukuba akagqubuthele, ayithethi nto. Genius wenzeka. Kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-yamashumi baba kwakhona banomdla ngobugcisa bakhe, umculo bakhe bulumko.