UKUSETYENZISWA: enjengezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo ukuba uviwo

Njengoko luhlobo likarhulumente iimviwo sokugqibela semfundo lesibini iqela leminyaka basebenzisa State Examination Emanyeneyo (sokusebenzisa). enjengezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo - imathematika kunye nolwimi Russian. Ukuqhuba isitifiketi kokugcina imithetho ngokubanzi ukuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo sele phantsi utshintsho. Malunga nokuqhubekayo lwemithetho eziqhelekileyo yaye iya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Malunga nemithetho

UKUSETYENZISWA (izinto ayisosinyanzelo kwaye imiba oyikhethayo) lwenziwa usebenzisa iimathiriyeli uvavanyo yolawulo (PCM), nto leyo imele i izakhiwo ifomu kunye nemisebenzi. Ukongeza, kukho iindlela ezizodwa kufuneka ukuba libhale iimpendulo lo msebenzi. izifundo zeemviwo zifunekayo, kwakunye zifundo ababekhethiwe bazamela ngokubhala Russian, ukuba asiyiyo inxalenye Foreign Languages ( "uthetha").

Exams ziyabanjwa eRashiya kwaye ngaphandle kwayo kwishedyuli enye. Abaququzeleli aba Rosobrnadzor kunye namabhunga olawulo RF ezo zifundo ababonisa ulawulo sphere Ukwakheka (IVF). Ngaphandle lizwe uthabathe uviwo (izifundo ezifunekayo kunye ezikhethiweyo) Kwakhona Rosobrnadzor kunye nabaseki emibutho zemfundo eRashiya, usebenziso, okanye kwamanye amazwe, kufuneka uqinisekiso karhulumente kunye nokuphumeza iinkqubo zemfundo emfundo aphakamileyo ngokubanzi, kwakunye namaziko amazwe ye-Russian Foreign Sobulungiseleli Sobuthixo, has a iiyunithi noshowo ezizodwa zemfundo.

Ukwamkelwa ukuhlolwa

enjengezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo kunye ezikhethiweyo kudlula abafundi abangenazo amatyala emfundo kwaye ziyathotyelwa ngokupheleleyo iikharityhulam ngamnye okanye ekwabelwana ngazo mabanga zonke izifundo yonke iminyaka yokufunda hayi ngaphantsi kwe ngokwanelisayo.

State yoviwo lokugqibela bafanelekile ukuba ukuhlolwa ngohlobo (ulwimi Russian nakwimathematika) babhalise abantwana abakhubazekileyo kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo, kunye nabafundi abakhubazekileyo kumaziko emfundo kwaye ezikhethekileyo amaziko uhlobo evaliweyo, apho ke utsala isigwebo sokuvalelwa entolongweni.

Abafundi kwiinkqubo zemfundo imfundo yamabanga yobugcisa nayo bafanelekile ukuba isiqinisekiso yi ngohlobo EGE (ulwimi Russian nemathematika, kwakunye nezifundo abakhethwayo zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo). Ilungelo efanayo sivunyiwe kubafundi kumaziko emfundo weRiphablikhi eCrimea kunye Sevastopol.

Revalidation kunye externae

Ilungelo nokuqinisekiswa uhlobo EGE luyafumaneka kwaye baphumeleleyo eminyaka edlulileyo (nephepha engesikhokelo sekharityhulam yemfundo jikelele eliphezulu lesibini de 2013), kwakunye nabo bafundi bayazi iinkqubo zemfundo emfundo aphakamileyo yezandla kwaye babhalise kumaziko emfundo ngaphaya kwemida Russian Federation, enoba thina iziphumo zeemviwo engeyiyi kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ngaba kudlule uviwo kunye nabantu abaye ubuchule inkqubo yemfundo zamabanga ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo - imfundo usapho kunye nemfundo-self, okanye abaye kakuhle iiprogram zemfundo non-accredited karhulumente. Banako ngaphandle kudlula leDPA kwiziko lemfundo ovunyiweyo.

izinto

Iikhosi baphiwe abapasa uviwo - ulwimi Russian nakwimathematika. Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho kunye nezongezelelo kucwangciswe 2020. Okokuqala, ngokutsho intloko-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo Olgi Vasilevoy, inyanzelekile kubo bonke iimviwo embalini. Ukongeza, izifundo zeemviwo ngokunyanzelekileyo 2020, mhlawumbi ziquka ulwimi lwasemzini kunye nokwakheka kwaso. Eneneni, ngaphandle ulwazi kwimbali yelizwe akayi kuba nako ukuhamba ngempumelelo ikamva. Uya yeJografi isifundo esisinyanzelo uviwo, ayiyi isigqibo, ekubeni bonke kwenkqubo yeemviwo ekhoyo iza kuphononongwa.

Noko ke, ulwimi IsiNgesi njengesifundo esisinyanzelo uviwo (okanye enye kwamanye amazwe), kusenokwenzeka ukuba. A Inani lweengingqi ngo-2020 luya kuthatha esi sifundo kwindlela zovavanyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngo 2022, eli lizwe liya kuba ukulungele ukwenza uxilongo ulwimi ubuncinane ezikolweni, yaye ngoku i-iimvavanyo yokusebenza, liphuhlise inkqubo. Imbali njengesifundo enyanzelekileyo ku umbuzo leemviwo sele phantse elahlekayo sigqibo, kodwa oko kuya kwenzeka, ngokutsho uOlga Vasilyeva, kungekhona phambi-2020. Le enyanzelekileyo isifundo wesithathu.

History kunye nokwakheka kwaso

Olga Vasilyeva wenza iingxelo ezininzi kwi-National Conference ngembali Russia, esenzeka ngoFebruwari 2017, kuphuhliso lwemfundo kweli lizwe. Kuye kwathethwa ngayo uviwo labona 2020. izinto ezifunekayo ziyahlaziywa. Wathi ukuba namhlanje abantwana kudlula kuphela imathematika kunye nolwimi Russian, kodwa umbandela wesithathu yoviwo kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba imbali.

Kwakhona yathi uyayiphulaphula Ukusika ngakumbi izimvo zoluntu malunga leDPA, leyo ke abafundi emva kwibakala lethoba, nokwakheka. Abemi abaninzi kakhulu lavumela ukuqaliswa uviwo enjalo kunye ukukhululwa esikolweni. Uluhlu lwezifundo emviwo enyanzelekileyo iza ngokuqinisekileyo agcwalisiwe. Mhlawumbi, kunye nokwakheka kwaso uya kungena inani labo.

Zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo

Ngo-2009, bonke abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo ufumene ulwazi malunga izifundo leemviwo ezifunekayo. Baba ulwimi Russian nakwimathematika. Kulo mzekelo, ngamnye kufuneka afumane odinnadtsatiklassnik mlinganiselo hayi ngaphantsi Rosobrnadzor. Ukongezelela koko, zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kwizikolo zemfundo ephakamileyo bafundi bakhetha wena ezimbalwa izinto eziyimfuneko. Khetha kuluhlu lwezifundo jikelele efakwe kuluhlu yoviwo. Bangaphi enyanzelekileyo izifundo, umzekelo, kufuneka athathe odinnadtsatiklassnik malunga ukuya eyunivesithi? Oku kuya kuxhomekeka ezikhethiweyo ekhethiweyo. Umzekelo, uhlelo elizayo kwakufuneka ICT nezenzululwazi yekhompyutha.

Izabelo ukuhlolwa yemathematika unako ukwenza kuphela kwangaphambili ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kuba le nto kukho Intanethi ezisemthethweni open iingxaki iibhanki. Ekubeni lo mbandela inyanzelekile, abaphumelela ukwenza kanye loo nto. Kodwa mathematics imathematika ngokufanayo. Abo badwelisi benkqubo wayeza ukusombulula kwinguqulelo esisiseko, kunye iprofayili. EGE kwimisebenzi zemathematika zifuna inqanaba iprofayili, elingumthombo, kuphela ulwazi ikhosi yesikolo. Isiza eyunivesithi ukhethe mhlawumbi khona impahla demo simahla, nto leyo enokusetyenziselwa-uqeqesho self.

uluhlu

Izinto, kubandakanywa inyanzelekile, ukhetho abantu abashiya isikolo ukwamkelwa eyunivesithi:

1. ulwimi Russian.

2. izibalo Inkangeleko kunye esisiseko.

3. Chemistry.

4. Physics.

5. Social.

6. History.

7. Ulwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano kunye nenzululwazi yekhompyutha.

8. Geography.

9. Biology.

10. Literature.

11. ulwimi Foreign (IsiNgesi, isi-French, isiJamani, IsiSpanish).

Ukuze ufumane isiqinisekiso sokugqitywa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kufuneka uthathe enjengezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo ezibini kuphela - ulwimi Russian nakwimathematika. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuzithandela le graduate ingathatha ukhetho lwabo naziphi na izinto lweziko labucala lemfundo ephakamileyo ezithile ngokweemfuno. konke kuxhomekeke kwiinkalo ecwangcisiweyo kuqeqesho, oko kukuthi elithile.

utshintsho

Ngenxa yokuba kweli lizwe abangenzi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa olukhulu utshintsho, loo nto ayikwazi angamchukumisi imfundo. A lot of izikhalazo wayiqokelela kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo and Science kwicala yabemi. Kakade ke, kule nkqubo iimviwo zinezibonelelo yayo, ezifana lokukhetha okuthintela urhwaphilizo ukuzimela onesiphumo uvavanyo lolwazi. Kodwa a lot of minuses. Kwenziwe izicwangciso ngowama-2019 ukuphuhlisa indlela unikezelo uviwo sele izifundo ezithandathu, kwakunye nokwandisa inani izitifiketi besikolo samabanga aphantsi. Kakade ke, ulwazi kufuneka zivavanywe ngocwangco, ngoko abafundi bazuze izakhono eziphuhlisa uxanduva nocwangco.

I-minus bombutho okhoyo yoviwo, abazali nootitshala wabeka uvavanyo uhlobo yoviwo. abafundi abaninzi bezama nje ukuthelekelela impendulo echanekileyo. Le nkqubo iye yaba elide ukusukela ukuba zipheliswe, yenza ifom yesaveyi, apho yayikhona kuze 2009. Kakade ke, kuyimfuneko ukuzilolonga, kunye vo phambi kokuba waziswe into entsha kwisistim, kuba, okokuqala nje, kufuneka baqonde ukuba ungaziphucula njani imeko nganye kwezi nguqu.

NgokoMthetho kunye nemisebenzi

Ekuqhubeni uviwo kwi Russian Federation, kwakunye ngaphandle inika ishedyuli olunye. kwisifundo ngasinye wezifundo ubude yaso ixesha loviwo. Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka wakhupha umthetho, nto leyo ithi ibe luxwebhu olunye nexesha yoviwo nganye. Kwakhona, kukho unikwa uluhlu lonke lwezibonelelo aza kuzisebenzisa uqeqesho kunye nemfundo, kwaye uya kusetyenziswa ngethuba leemviwo.

FIPI (Federal Institute for Education kwiSingqinisiso) ekuphuhliseni imisebenzi zoviwo (Kim), okt izakhiwo imisebenzi ekumgangatho, leyo oyisebenzisayo ukuba awunakucwangcisa umphakamo uphuhliso lwemigangatho yemfundo. Isiza FIPI nga phambili ukufunda iinketho icandelo demo yeemviwo kwisifundo ngasinye, kwakunye namaxwebhu, ezilawula umxholo kunye nolwakhiwo CMM - nayo yonke Codifiers kunye iinkcukacha. Imisebenzi kungenziwa nokuba eziku, kunye neempendulo ezimfutshane. iimpendulo iimviwo yomlomo iilwimi zasemzini zibhalelwe ngoncedo kumajelo odiyo. Eli candelo ( "uthetha") isekhona ngokuzithandela.

umthwalo

ulawulo Information izinto ezisetyenziselwa kwezatifiketi karhulumente yokulinganisa, asinakukwazi abayityhilela kuba umalunga ulwazi enomda. Ngoko ke, bonke abo baya kuziswa ihambo iimviwo, kwakunye nabo ukunika uviwo ngethuba kwentlanganiso, uya kuba noxanduva ukuxelwa kolwazi kim ngokungqinelana nomthetho Russian.

Ukuba ulwazi CMM ukuba upapashwe, umzekelo, kwi-Internet, kuya kuba bubungqina kukho iimpawu zolwaphulo amanqaku 13.14 no 19.30 ye-Code of Administrative Offences; 59, Icandelo 11 le-Federal yomthetho Russian Federation "Kwi leMfundo Russian Federation".

iziphumo

State oviwo lokugqibela, oluqhutywa phezu uhlobo EGE usebenzisa stoballnoy kuzo zonke kwinkqubo yovavanyo izifundo, ukongeza kumgangatho osisiseko lemathematika. Ngokwahlukeneyo yesifundo nganye lubekwe ubuncinane inani amanqaku, yaye ukuba umviwa ukoyisa le kunongeno, ngoko ke uphuhliso lwenkqubo lwabo jikelele kwinqanaba lesibini lemfundo iya kuqinisekiswa.

Xa scan kugqityiwe amaphepha emviwo, iziphumo zeemviwo kuzo zonke izifundo iqwalasela ongusihlalo HES, kwaye ugqiba ukuba ukurhoxisa, ukutshintsha okanye ekuvunyweni kubo. Ukwamkelwa iziphumo kwenzeka phakathi kosuku olunye zokusebenza emva kokuba ekutshekisheni yonke amaphepha eemviwo.

appeals

Ukuba graduate examinee isikolo uphakamileyo abanelisekanga isikolo sakho, ukuze, zingadlulanga iintsuku ezimbini ukusuka zokupapashwa kweziphumo zeemviwo lokubhena ungavumelani. Kuya kufuneka sibhalwe kwaye wayekhonza inhlangano yemfundo wanika ukwamkelwa iimviwo le examinee.

Izidanga kwiminyaka edlulileyo kunye nezinye iindidi ze-nxaxheba emviwo bangafaka isibheno kwindawo yobhaliso kuhanjiso okanye abanye ezichongiweyo lo mmandla. Iziphumo yoviwo kuviwo nganye ikhona kuphela kwinkqubo ulwazi federal, kunye nesiqinisekiso iphepha kwabo ezinokunikezelwa. ixesha wihi - iminyaka emine.

ukunikezelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo

Ukuba iziqu kulo nyaka, ufumana isiphumo kujike kube ngezantsi ngamanqaku ubuncinane kuzo naziphi na enjengezifundo ezinyanzelekileyo, uya kudlula uviwo kwakhona - in a ishedyuli olunye imiqathango eyongezelelweyo rubric abayinikelwe le njongo. Ukuba naluphi na uhlobo yoviwo-nxaxheba baya kuba nako ukufumana amanqaku ubuncinane kwizifundo ukuba wakhetha ukungena eyunivesithi, koko kwakhona ukuhlala iya kubanjwa kuphela emva konyaka.

Ukususela 2015, bonke abafundi bakwazi ukuthatha iimviwo kwizifundo ezinyanzelekileyo ukuya izihlandlo ezithathu (oku kusebenza kuphela imathematika ulwimi Russian). Oku kunokwenzeka mhlawumbi ngemihla extra ukuba boyisiwe into enye kuphela, okanye ekwindla (September, October). Kwimeko yokugqibela, kwimfundo ephakamileyo sele nga ha endleka kuba abekiweyo sele kudlule, kodwa yokundwendwela yomfundi ngexesha elifanayo kwamkela.