Ernest Hemingway (Ernest Miller Hemingway): ngobomi kunye nomsebenzi (iifoto)

Laziwa kwihlabathi jikelele umbhali American Ernest Hemingway wanika inxalenye ukufunda yehlabathi eninzi kwimizobo zoncwadi. Wabhala ukuba ufundile, wabona, uziva ngam. Mhlawumbi, ngokuba imisebenzi Ernest Hemingway usisityebi, eliqaqambileyo umdla. Isiseko Iinoveli namabali amafutshane ubomi ngokwayo, ngokokwahlukana kwalo konke. Ilula ezingumboniso, conciseness kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo babebona ngemisebenzi Hemingway negalelo uncwadi imibala entsha kwinkulungwane XX kwaye waceba kuyo. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukuba asikhanyisele Bufihlakele emehlweni zeenkalo ofunda ubomi bakhe yokudala.

Esakhula

Ernest Hemingway (ifoto ezinikezelwa ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo wobomi umbhali) wazalwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane: NgoJulayi 21, 1899. Abazali bakhe bahlala ngexesha kufuphi eChicago, kwidolophu encinane ebizwa ngokuba Oak Park. Uyise Ernest - Clarence UEdmond Hemingway - wayesebenza ugqirha, unina - Grays Holl - ebomini eyahlulelwe ifanelekileyo yokukhulisa abantwana.

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, utata owatyala Ernest uthando endalo, ngethemba lokuba yena uza silandele emkhondweni wakhe: - uya zenzululwazi zendalo kunye namayeza. Clarence wayedla wathatha unyana wakhe phezu lokuya kuloba, waqalisa naye konke oko akwaziyo. Iminyaka esibhozo Ernie encinane wayesazi amagama zonke izityalo, izilwanyana, intlanzi, iintaka, leyo zingafunyanwa kuphela kwi Intshonalanga. Angathabatheki yesibini Ernest amadodana iincwadi - ke ukuhlala kangangeeyure in a library ikhaya ukufunda iincwadi zembali kunye nemisebenzi Darwin.

unina womntwana iye wakha izicwangciso ayo unyana elizayo - ngenkohlakalo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukudlala cello kunye nomculo kwikwayara yecawa, ngokufuthi ngeendleko ya xikolo. Ernest Hemingway wakholwa ukuba kungekho ubuchule ngamagama, ngoko wakuphepha umculo nxaniso buhlungu.

ulonwabo lokwenene yaba ukuba uhambo zasehlotyeni semvelo abaselula ukuya emantla Michigan, apho Hemingway waye sasihlangatyezwa "Uindmir". Ukuhamba iindawo ezintle ngokungaqhelekanga cwaka kufuphi Lake Vallun, ecaleni leyo, yagqitywa loo ndlu usapho ngenxa Ernest uyandiyolisa. Akukho mntu wamnyamezela ukuba ukudlala uhadi, wayezenzela ngokupheleleyo ukususela les of leMicimbi yezeKhaya. Wayeza kuthabatha igcina uye for yonke imini, waya elwandle, silibale ngayo ixesha, behamba emahlathini okanye bedlala amakhwenkwe Indian ukusuka kwidolophana ekufutshane.

Amkhanuke zokuzingela

Ernest Babunjani ubuhlobo ingakumbi obuhle uyisemkhulu wakhe. Inkwenkwe wayethanda ukuphulaphula amabali ngobomi emlonyeni xhego, abaninzi kubo kamva wafudukela imisebenzi yakhe. Ngowe-1911, utatomkhulu wamnika Ernie umpu, kwaye uyise wamazisa isizungu yeli xhego - kuzingela. Ukususela ngoko, lo mfo omnye uthando ebomini bakhe, awathi kamva wanikezela elinye lamabali yakhe yokuqala. Uninzi imisebenzi ziya kuthatha inkcazo uyise, obuntu nobomi yengathandi Ernest. Kangangexesha elide emva kokufa kabuhlungu umzali (Clarence UEdmond Hemingway wazibulala ngowe-1928), umbhali azama ukufumana ingcaciso, kodwa andiyifumananga.

ezishiya

Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, Ernest akazange ukuya eyunivesithi, njengoko nabazali kunye bafudukela Kansas City waza wafumana umsebenzi correspondent lephephandaba lendawo. Endaphathiswa indawo kuloo mzi, apho eGibheyon kwisikhululo sikaloliwe, isibhedlele engundoqo kunye nesikhululo samapolisa. Amaninzi ngexesha leeyure zomsebenzi ku Ernest kwafuneka lijongane bambulale, namahenyukazi, abaphangi, ukuba abe lingqina imililo kunye nezinye iingozi ayikho mnandi kakhulu. Wonke umntu bajongene ziyahlelwa eseyinkwenkwana, yena ziskenwe ngathi X-ray - elindile, bezama ukuqonda iintshukumisa bokwenyaniso yokuziphatha sakhe, wabanjwa izijekulo, ihambo yakhe. Kamva, onke la mava kunye nokuvakalisa ziya kuba ngabalawulwa bakhe imisebenzi yoncwadi.

Ngoxa esebenza njenge reporter Ernest Hemingway wafunda eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ngokuchanekileyo, ngokucacileyo yaye ngokubonakalayo baveze iingcamango zabo, hayi Awunaso iinkcukacha enye. Phuhlisa umkhwa njalo kule iziko bazakhela kamva uhlobo loncwadi wayeza kuba sisiseko impumelelo yakhe yendalo. Ernest Hemingway biography izele eziphikisanayo, yena wayemthanda umsebenzi wakhe kodwa wawushiya ukushiya ngokuzithandela imfazwe.

Eli ligama eyoyikekayo 'imfazwe "

Ngowe-1917, i-US yabhengeza bangene leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, amaphephandaba American uphazamisekile abafana mabanxibe iyunifom ndiye edabini. Ernest nendalo yayo ongatshatanga naye ahlale ongenandaba nangoko wayefuna ukuba yinxalenye yalo mcimbi, kodwa wadibana nayo kanobomi kubazali kunye noogqirha (lo mfo ndingaboni kakuhle). Noko ke, Ernest Hemingway wakwazi ukufumana phambili ngo-1918, ukubhalisa kula manqanaba ezi ntliziyo Red Cross. Konke banqwenela ukuya Milan, apho umsebenzi wabo wokuqala msulwa ndawo emthethweni mveliso liqhuma ngosuku ngaphambili. Ngosuku lwesibini Ernest oselula wathunyelwa kwiyunithi phambi-umgca kwidolophu Sio, kodwa akukho akaba ubungqina esi senzo emkhosini - amakhadi okudlala kunye baseball, wenza ntoni ezininzi amajoni, akufani Man ntetho of War.

Ngokuzithandela ukuba ukuhambisa ukutya ambulensi ngqo namajoni edabini, phakathi kwemiqolo, ekugqibeleni umgomo wakhe Ernest Hemingway. "A Ndlelantle Arms" - umsebenzi ngokuphila apho umbhali wanika zonke iimvakalelo kunye imigqaliselo ukuba ixesha lobomi bakhe.

uthando lokuqala

NgoJulayi 1918 umqhubi umfana ezama Ukugcina lalingxwelerhwe imbumbulu sompu kwafika phantsi imipu Austria. Xa uza kufa bazisa esibhedlele, kwaba na indawo yokuhlala - umzimba uphela, wayifulela amanxeba. Ukususa amaqhekeza engamashumi amabini anesithandathu lomzimba nokuphatha zonke izilonda, oogqirha wathumela Ernest e Milan, apho salawo indebe aluminiyam tubing idolo elifana kwi sokwenziwa.

Esibhedlele Milan Ernest Hemingway (biography evela kwimithombo ezisemthethweni iyakuqinisekisa oko) ichithe ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintathu. Apho wadibana umongikazi, leyo ekondleni uthando. Ulwalamano lwabo nabo kubonakala inoveli yakhe "A Ndlelantle Arms."

Amazing

NgoJanuwari 1919, Ernest wabuyela ekhaya eUnited States. Kukwamkelwa ngathi liqhawe, kuzo zonke ezo ndaba nawe wabona igama lakhe, ukumkani Italy wawongwa namagorha American Military Cross kunye imbasa "Kuba yeqhawe".

Kulo nyaka Hemingway aphilise amanxeba entsatsheni, yaye ngowe-1920 waza wafudukela eKhanada, apho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe incwadi. Iphephandaba "Toronto Star", apho wayesebenza, wabanika inkululeko intatheli - Hemingway ndikhululekile ukubhala nantoni na, kodwa umvuzo bafumana ezivunyiweyo kuphela yapapashwa izinto. Ngeli xesha umbhali kudala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala enkulu - imfazwe, amagqala kulityalwa ngamampunge, malunga ubulima kunye unruliness nabasemagunyeni.

Paris

NgoSeptemba 1921, Hemingway waqalisa intsapho, ukukhetha yakhe nomdlali oselula, Hadley Richardson. Ernest nomfazi wakhe aze ebomini elinye iphupha - ukuya eParis, apho ngethuba a ngenyameko ukufunda, ngabom iziseko zokubhala mfanelo ikhono lakhe zoncwadi. Ubomi e Paris, Hemingway ochazwe kwincwadi ethi "A ezishenxisekayo womthendeleko", eyaba kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe.

Ernest kwafuneka asebenze nzima ngokwenene ukunika yena nomfazi wakhe, ngoko wathumela ngeveki kwiphephandaba "Toronto Star" imibhalo yabo. Uhlaziyo evela Intatheli yayo abazimeleyo sele nto ndifuna, - inkcazo ubomi baseYurophu elineenkcukacha ngaphandle zenze.

Ngowe-1923, Ernest Hemingway, ogama amabali sele ufunde ngamawaka abantu, wongezelela yolwazi labo kunye abazana ezintsha kunye namava, nto leyo kamva iya kunika umfundi imisebenzi yakhe. Umbhali uba undwendwe rhoqo ukuba ivenkile ethengisa iincwadi ngomhlobo wakhe uSylvia Beach. Apho uthatha irenti ncwadi, ndidibana ababhali abaninzi kunye namagcisa. Nabanye babo (Gertrudoy Stayn, Yakobi Joyce) Hemingway yaqalisa ubudlelwane lide kwaye enobubele.

ukuqaphela

Imisebenzi yokuqala zoncwadi umbhali, owakukhuphayo kuye udumo, zaye zabhalwa nguye ngethuba elisusela kwi-1926 ukuya 1929. "Kwaye kwenzeka ilanga", "Madoda Ngaphandle Abafazi", "ophumeleleyo ufumana nto", "Killer", "The selikhithika of Kilimanjaro 'yaye, ke," A Ndlelantle Arms "woyisa iintliziyo readers yaseMelika. Phantse wonke umntu wayesazi malunga ngubani na Ernest Hemingway. Izimvo umsebenzi wakhe, nangona ziye engangqinelaniyo (lujongwa umbhali kakhulu abanetalente, abanye - laliphakathi nje), kodwa nangakumbi luphembelela umdla zikarhulumente imisebenzi. iincwadi zakhe uthenge uze ufunde, nkqu ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho US.

Ukuphila motion

Ernest asoloko efuduswa ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo, inkoliso ebomini wayekuthanda ukuhamba. Ngoko ke, ngo-1930, waphinda watshintsha indawo yakhe yokuhlala, eli xesha ukuze uhlale eFlorida. Apho iyaqhubeka ukusebenza, ukuloba nokuzingela. NgoSeptemba 1930, Hemingway ungena kwingozi yemoto, emva koko kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu abuyisele impilo.

Ngowe-1933, i-umzingeli ukufunda uya uhambo olude-izicwangciso eMpuma Afrika. Apho sazibonela iqashiso: umzabalazo ngempumelelo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, kwaye usulelo lweNTSHOLONGWANE kakhulu yaye isiba unyango ixesha elide. okuvelayo ngayo thuba yobomi bakhe awayibhala kwincwadi ebizwa "The Green Hills of Afrika".

Ndikwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye Ernest Hemingway. Biography yombhali iqulethe inkcazelo ukuba nako ukuhlala xa ebona le Spanish War Civil waya apho kamsinya nje kukho ithuba. Apho waba screenwriter le documentary film umlo e Madrid phantsi kwesihloko "Land of Spain."

Ngowe-1943, Ernest Hemingway wabuyela kumsebenzi journalistic aye London yokugubungela iziganeko yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Ngowe-1944, lo mbhali ukubandakanyeka yokulwa kwimisebenzi phezu eJamani, wayiqhubela iqembu kuzinze French, ngesibindi babesilwela amadabi, eBelgium kunye neFransi.

Ngowe-1949, Hemingway kwakhona waya - eli xesha eCuba. Kukho wazalwa inoveli yakhe engcono - "The Man Endala kunye eLwandle", apho umbhali wawongwa owazuza kunye Nobel amabhaso.

Ngowe-1953, kwakhona Ernest enqanaweni uhambo ukuya Afrika, nto leyo yeyela kwingozi enkulu.

Eqalile ekupheleni kwebali

Ngaphezu kokuba ngumbhali kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe ubunzima zizigulo ezininzi ngokwasemzimbeni, waphathwa ukudandatheka. Wayesoloko wacinga ukuba arhente FBI bemlalele ukuba ifowuni yakhe yasentabeni, iileta ufunda, kunye akhawunti zebhanki zitshekishwa qho. Kuba unyango Ernest Hemingway sele ithunyelwe kwikliniki ngengqondo, apho ngenkani kwabanjwa iiseshoni ezilishumi unyango electroconvulsive. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni yinto yokuba umbhali ezilahlekileyo inkumbulo yakhe yaye ingasakwazi ukwenza ukuba ngakumbi mandundu imeko yakhe.

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba bekhululwe esibhedlele kwikhaya lakhe Ketchum, Ernest Hemingway wadubula wumbi umpu. kweminyaka engama-50 emva kokufa kwakhe kokuba ingxelo ukuba intshutshiso mania wayengekho nasihlahla - ngenene umbhali esweni ngenyameko.

Umbhali omkhulu Ernest Hemingway, ngubani ucaphula ngoku uyazi ngentloko, izigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke, waphila ubomi nzima kodwa eziqaqambileyo yaye uxakekile. Amazwi akhe nezilumko, nemisebenzi iya kuhlala ngonaphakade iintliziyo nemiphefumlo readers.