Estate - yintoni na le nto? Inkcazo kunye neentlobo nempahla: ezinokususwa kwaye ezingenakususwa, karhulumente, kamasipala, lweziko kunye zobuqu

Kweli nqaku senza ukuthetha malunga kwipropati kunye neentlobo zayo ezisisiseko. Ngokukodwa, sinikela inkcazo amagama afana impahla enokususwa kunye ezithengiswayo. Sikwathathela nengqalelo ingqikelelo ubunini uxoxe ngeentlobo zayo kunye neendidi. Sithemba ukuba le ngcaciso iya kuba luncedo kuwe.

Property - ligama entsonkothileyo eye utoliko olwahlukileyo

Xa imithetho ezahlukeneyo zomthetho, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo, ingqiqo anokusetyenziswa neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. It is a ehlangeneyo kwaye ezahlukeneyo kumafa yayo. Lo mhlaba ke ingqalelo i-ayithem eyahlukileyo okanye iseti ethile amaxabiso eziphathekayo (bona. Art. 133-135 kweKhowudi Civil). Nangenye indlela, lo gama kuquka amalungelo impahla (bona. 301, 303 CC RF). Umthetho wokulandelelana imbono ye "propati" ibandakanya kungekuphela nje izinto eziphathekayo ihlabathi kunye namalungelo, kodwa uxanduva ungasekhoyo (bona. Art. 1112 Civil Code). De kube ngoku, kule ncwadi yomthetho akukho ukuqonda efanayo kule propati. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi, kuquka VA Lapach inkxaso inkcazelo lupheleleyo kwikota. Ngenxa yazo, oko kufanele zibandakanye zonke iimveliso endalo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu (kuquka amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa), apho inkululeko ixabiso ethile uguqulwe yorhwebo, kunye namalungelo kunye noxanduva propati ukubonakala ngabo. Ngamafuphi, zishwankathela. Property - yengundoqo into yokuba amalungelo oluntu, inxalenye equka izinto eziphathekayo (kubandakanywa izibambiso kunye nemali), iziphumo zomsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezingabambekiyo, kwakunye namalungelo empahla kunye nezibophelelo nempahla.

impahla enokususwa. Imali kunye izibambiso

Kwimicimbi yoluntu zinto ezivame sifundo. Zahlula-hlulwe iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili - ezinokususwa, ayishukumi. asethi ezinokususwa lula kushukunyiswa kunye nabanini babo, inokuba generic okanye ngamnye, kwaye ezithile interchangeable ngokubanzi. In n. 2 tbsp. 130 Code Civil iwuchaza kudidi yempahla eshukumayo yayiquka kungekuphela nje izinto ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi eziphathekayo, kodwa imali ngokhuselo. Le yokugqibela ngamaxwebhu ezikhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa amalungelo empahla. Baye izixhaso kunye wabeka ifomu. In Art. 143 of the Code Civil sichaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izibambiso, kuquka kwiibhondi zikarhulumente, amatyala, iitsheki, imali kunye neziqinisekiso dipozithi, eyilwayo invoyisi, incwadi yokonga kunye nezabelo.

Ukuphikisana izinto ezinxulumene impahla engenakususwa

estate Real - yinto into behlabathi eziphathekayo, oko kusoloko kwindawo enye, ukuba nolwalamano olusenyongweni ilizwe, yaye ezinye endaweni yazo. In Art. 130 Code Civil uchaza ukuba izinto zingangqamana kwipropati engashukumiyo. Olu luhlu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• izinto zendalo, imvelaphi yendalo - iindawo zamanzi, ubutyebi izimbiwa kunye nezinye izixhobo zendalo;
• izinto abe nolwalamano olusondeleyo ilizwe - lucinga ehlathini, izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, izakhiwo, izakhiwo;
• into eyaziwayo yi yowiso-izindlu ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo - iinqanawa, iinqwelomoya, Hewana, izitishi isithuba, iinqanawa isithuba, neempahla emhlabeni njalo njalo.

Inqaku 132 lomGaqo-Code Civil incedisana olu luhlu uze ujonge ukuba olunye uhlobo kwezithobekileyo real - inkampani, nto leyo iqondwa bhaza kwepropati esetyenziselwa zoshishino nokwenza njengesifundo oluzimeleyo ukuthenga nokuthengisa kunye nezinye iintengiselwano. Kwakhona kweli nqaku. 1 lomThetho Federal (ukususela 21.07.97) №122-FZ njengoko kwipropati engashukumiyo zijongwa zokuhlala yenzelwe abahlala lwabemi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke yococeko lusekiwe, zobugcisa, umlilo kunye nezinye iimfuno, kunye nezakhiwo non-zokuhlala eyenzelwe zorhwebo, ezolawulo, yempahla, sebenzisa imveliso.

Ingcamango propati. impahla eqhelekileyo

Kweli nqaku, singathanda ukuba ziqaqambise omnye umthetho civil esibalulekileyo - "propati". Kwimeko zomthetho, lulwahlulo umntu kangangoko impahla yayo njengoko bakhe, yaye ibonisa lonke zakhiwo amalungelo obunini. Ingcamango impahla kuthetha ubukho kwisifundo amalungelo eziliqela asemthethweni, kuquka ilungelo lokusebenzisa (ukukwazi ukusebenzisa le nto ngokuthanda kwaye imali kulo), ubunini (oko kukuthi, elo ilifa ebonakalayo nto) kunye nokulahlwa (thuba lokwandlala, ukutshintsha lo nto wathengisa). ubunini notitshala - luhlobo olulodwa zomthetho nezobudlelwane evela kwimeko ilungelo lokusebenzisa, sengqondo kunye ilifa mnye ezilungileyo nangoko ukusuka abantu abaliqela (ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu). Kulo mzekelo, inzuzo - ii-asethi ogcweleyo kuba izinto ebumbene kwaye ngaku okanye ngokuphelela kwazo. Ilungelo lobunini eqhelekileyo esinokubakho kwizinto ayahlukahlukenanga kwi ukuba lilifa ngabantu eziliqela phantsi komthetho okanye intando. Umzekelo imeko ukuba abantwana bafumana umyoleli ipropati ongasekhoyo aphethwe kuye - indlu lizwe.

Property eliphethwe nguRhulumente

Kwi-Russian Federation ziyavunywa akhuselwe ngumthetho lweemo ezahlukeneyo zobumnini, kuquka urhulumente, zikamasipala, abucala. In Art. 212 of the Code Civil and mabazihlele. impahla karhulumente (oko kukuthi impahla karhulumente enokususwa kunye ezingenakususwa) imelwe iintlobo ezimbini :. Federal kunye nempahla amaziko - republic, iingingqi, izixeko, iingingqi, njl Izenzo karhulumente njengesifundo yonxulumano zomthetho, kwakunye nawuphi na umnini propati, nto leyo ithetha ukuba umntu unelungelo ukulahla ephathekayo nempahla ezingaphathekiyo ngokwakho - .. nika, yengqeshiso, ukuthengisa, njl Umzekelo propati abanokusebenza mveliso, imigodi, emkhosini, imigodi njalo nemithetho yayo. I-Russian Federation kunye nezifundo zalo ikhutshwa phandle amagunya karhulumente okanye imiyalelo ezithile kaMongameli, uRhulumente kunye nabameli.

Lo mhlaba oomasipala

impahla kaMasipala nobunini babucala, ekhoyo ngaxeshanye kunye norhulumente. impahla kamasipala lithweswe zokuhlala zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini okanye nabanye oomasipala kwaye zijoliswe ekuhlangabezeni iimfuno nabemi bazo. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iintlobo ezimbini: kwipropati, nto leyo nto zibambene nayo amaziko kamasipala kunye namashishini, kwaye yepropati Akundibekelanga iinkampani nee-arhente karhulumente wengingqi kunye novimba okumisele. Uluhlu kwempahla kamasipala ibandakanya kamasipala zendalo kunye nezibonelelo ilizwe, imibutho kamasipala, amashishini, iibhanki, imali non-mali, indawo yokuhlala kunye nezindlu, njalo-njalo. D.

ubunini Private. impahla Personal

Impahla yabucala ihlelwa kwipropati kwabantu kunye nemibutho esemthethweni. Eyokuqala luhlobo apho iindlela zemveliso kunye bangamalungu ngabanye. Kuba kwipropati yabucala yomntu linokudlulisela nayiphi na impahla ngaphandle oko umthetho akafakwa ilungelo kwipropati yabucala, iindleko kunye mali oko kuphela (ngaphandle kwezinye iimeko elikhankanyiweyo) exhasiweyo. amaqumrhu asemthethweni esebenza njengezifundo amalungelo obunini, kunokuba nayiphi ashishinayo kunye non-nzuzo nemibutho - iimanyano, iziseko, imibutho yenkolo, .. intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho, amanyathelo abathengi, imibutho yabasebenzi, njl ngaphandle zezi karhulumente, amashishini kamasipala kunye namaziko, ngezimali ngumnini. Lo mhlaba lombutho - yiyo nayiphi na impahla enokususwa kunye engenakushenxiswa ukuba naliphi na ishishini yorhwebo okanye non-ezorhwebo isebenzisa iimveliso okanye eminye imisebenzi. Kusenokuba izixhobo, umhlaba, imali, izakhiwo, izinto, iimveliso njalo njalo. Ngo-Russia, i impahla enokususwa kunye engenakususwa zombutho wayiqaphela into irhafu. Kulo mzekelo, isiseko serhafu zibalwe ixabiso avareji aseti eziphathekayo kunye eliqokelelweyo ngokungqinelana kunye neengxelo zemali lweshishini. Kuba ixesha serhafu lonyaka omnye ikhalenda, isibhengezo kufuneka banikwe kwipropati lombutho nganye.

endaweni yesiphelo

Ngoko ke, wathi nathi kweli nqaku lo mbuzo: "Ipropati - na?" wayinika inkcazelo kwengqiqo ezibalulekileyo, ezifana "propati" yaye "ipropati eqhelekileyo". Kwaxelwa malunga neentlobo kwepropati, kwaye bazi umahluko eqhutywa ezingenakususwa. Ukongeza, sathetha ngayo ekhoyo kwi-Russian Federation ubunini, yaye wabancina umahluko phakathi kukarhulumente kunye nepropati kamasipala, kwakunye propati yabucala kwabantu kunye nemibutho esemthethweni.