Nizhnekamsk HPP: imbali wokwakha, isiganeko, ulwazi jikelele

Nizhnekamsk HPP e Tatarstan wahlukile kwaye inkampani namandla kuphela kweli lizwe, eqhagamshelwe YO eRashiya. Ngokusebenzisa le nkampani, inxalenye ebambe "Tatenergo", abemi lombane lobonelelo ngingqi.

Overview

Nizhnekamsk HPP uhlobo channel ukwakweli kummandla weRiphabliki Tatarstan on the Kama River kufuphi Yelabuga kunye Naberezhnye Chelny. Yakha isityalo amandla yaqala ngo-1963, yaye umsebenzi waqalisa kuphela ngo-1979. Kwelivi HPP zezi:

• edamini ikhonkrithi ngenxa lwedama;
• Dam ibhedi umfula nezikhukhula;
• edamini wezandyondyo;
• gateway;
• omangalisayo.

Ubude liphezulu wezandyondyo kunye ndongeni dama 30 m ubude iyonke - 2.976 km. Zomzila emikhulu babekwa ngqo kwi edamini. Kwi-avareji unyaka oveliswa phezu 2 billion kWh / h umbane.

Emva kokuba kwakhiwe nezakhiwo ezigcinwayo wabumba Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. Okwangoku NEC yi 63.3 m. Ukuphakamisa umgangatho iya kuvelisa amandla ngakumbi, kodwa kombono walo eminyaka abasemagunyeni bemimandla asebumelwaneni.

Imbali lwesakhiwo

Nizhnekamsk HPP waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1979, xa inqanaba ukuzaliswa dami ufikelele kwinqanaba 62 m. Lo ngumphakamo lo elamkelekileyo ubuncinane, kuba kuqinisekisa umsebenzi ngamanzi kunye sicatshulwa iinqanawa ngokusebenzisa izitshixo. Reservoir waphuphuma hectares 78.000 ngqongile umhlaba, kodwa ke ulwakhiwo lwesikhululo samandla ngamanzi ukuba ekuqaleni zabelwe 173.000 iihektare kwi kummandla weRiphabliki Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia kunye ummandla Perm. Ngaphambi kokuba ugcwalise iindawo ezingqonge ziye okwenziwayo kwamahlathi, ukubana abantu balapho, izibonelelo zothutho kunye noqhagamshelwano. Le yokugqibela (th 16 emgceni) iyunithi iye yaqaliswa ngo-1987. Ngo-1990, abasemagunyeni yamanzi ijolise ekuphakamiseni umgangatho ichibi ukuya kwiimitha ezili-68, nto leyo ebangele nokulatyuza uqhankqalazo imibutho eyahlukeneyo kokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ayinyuse akazange. Ukuya kwinqanaba 63,5 m NHRI wamvusa kuphela ngo-2002 ngenxa yesivumelwano joint kwiingingqi ezine.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne Ukunyuka kokuphakama ichibi

Ngokutsho amaxwebhu eprojekti, inqanaba kufuneka ibe kwi-68 m. Noko ke, ngoku yinto eliphakathi, nto leyo ebangele ukuba inani iingxaki ngokubhekiselele eziphilayo kunye noqoqosho. Ekubeni Nizhnekamsk HPP uvelisa amandla ngaphantsi, navigation nzima, kunye nezakhiwo zobunjineli zokhuseleko waqala ukuwa. Ukongezelela, nyaka ngamnye kukho esezansi ekuveleni. 50% yommandla lo dama liba nzulu (ubunzulu asifikeleli 2 m), nto leyo iyangqubana nemigangatho yococeko. Ukuba uvusa kwinqanaba ukuya kwiimitha ezili-68, uya kukhukuliswa inani elikhulu iindawo kwimimandla asebumelwaneni.

ingozi

Ngo-2010, i-Nizhnekamsk HPP uqhushumbo, leyo kwakhokelwa yomsi. Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzi ababini inkampani babulawa, 10 - owenzakeleyo. Umthombo we-dubulo ukuba yonakele le isiguquli yolunye ukuba umoya ukulungiselela iimfuno mveliso. Isizathu yaba evuzayo oyile, apho kamva ngumsindo kwaye oxutywe nomoya. Noko ke, kule ngozi akuzange kuchaphazela umsebenzi lweshishini.

Isityalo amandla kuphela Tatarstan yi Nizhnekamsk HPP. Naberezhnye Chelny kunye Yelabuga zezona esondeleyo kuyo zokuhlala. HPP iqale ukusebenza ngo-1979, kodwa kude kube ngoku akukho sele ifikelele amandla yoyilo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba inqanaba ichibi kwisicwangciso mazifike 68 m, kodwa ngoku yena kwinqanaba 63,5 m. Nizhnekamsk HPP eqhagamshelwe elidityanisiweyo Energy System of the Russian Federation kunye ezibalulekileyo ngokoqoqosho mmandla.