ZIS-150 Vehicle: iinkcukacha, inkcazelo, iifoto

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic wafa phantsi, yaye ilizwe elikhulu baqalisa kakulu. Nangona lungekho kakhulu iilori ukukhanya. Kwaye loo yenziwe. Le ZIS-150. Nangona amandla ayo, wayedlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubuyiselweni neminye imisebenzi.

History of indalo

Imoto yokuqala weza off umgca yemveliso ekuqaleni kuka-1948. Xa lizwe elikhulu-scale ukubuyiselwa sanikwayo, kwakunye kuvuselelwa lonke uqoqosho. Kucetywa ukuba enze izinga okukhawulezileyo ukususela ngowe-1946 ukuya 1950, nto leyo neziphumo zokudalwa izithuthi ezintsha zorhwebo.

Ngenxa yoko ZIS-150 - ilori waseburhulumenteni ngokupheleleyo iitoni ukuya ku-4. Oku kusekelwe phezu iingcali nako ukubona ukufana kunye imodeli American ye-International, eyayikhutshelwe ngo-1941. Okwangoku, nokuba wasinda iingxelo zentengiso kunye cinezela malunga nale moto.

Imbali uyayazi indlela yokuphuhlisa ngakumbi thotho American, kodwa eSoviet Union yakhululwa malunga 700 000 iimoto kule brand. Eli nani thaca ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo analogs ezahlukeneyo, ezi ke ziyafumaneka eYurophu phantsi mvume.

ZIS-150 uzalisekisiwe ngokupheleleyo zonke ezilindelekileyo karhulumente kwaye wabonisa ngokugqibeleleyo ngokwayo kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Ingqesho e wemoto kakhulu, kakhulu kunene.

Nokuba ngaphambi kwemfazwe

Le ZIS-5 edumileyo yakhiwa phambi imfazwe. ZIS-15 iisampuli yokuqala ukuvela ukususela 1938 ukuya 1940. Emva koko kuyilo walala ukukwazi ukulungisa. Kwaba lula ukuba kwandiswe amandla, igunya, ubukhulu iqonga, ngokunjalo intuthuzelo. Kodwa konke oku kufuneka esityalwe kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.

Ababhekisi phambili Sizibekele umsebenzi ukwenza ilori entsha, kwaye ubuncinane ngoko nangoko, kodwa ukujamelana nale lo msebenzi.

Abagqibayo series

Emva kwemfazwe, kwakukho intswelo ingxubevange sentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Saze isigadla yokuqala yaveliswa kunye ishawa elula ngentsimbi kunye neenkuni. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka emi-2 kwigunjana watshintsha ifomu bayo, waba ngokupheleleyo ngentsimbi. Le ifestile ubunjwe iziqingatha ezibini. iglasi Ekhohlo inokupheliswa - oko isicelo indlela kang.

Le lori yafakwa kunye neyunithi ngamandla neelitha 5.5 kunye namandla 90 "amahashe". Ngokuba lo injini, iinjineli avuzwa kakuhle kakhulu Prize State. Emva koko, ngokuba ukukhululwa zesityalo ZIS-150 UMlawuli Likhachev kwakhona ibhaso.

ukubonakala

umatshini entsha yokuqala ogama ZIS-150. Ndlwana waba grille tapered. Uyilo ifana kakhulu "Opel-Blitz". Kodwa ilori eSoviet "Opel" nazimbophelelo mkhaya na. kusetyenziswa nje ukudala ezinye iinkcukacha ilori pre-imfazwe PT-7.

Emva konyaka, siye sagqiba ukwenza restyling cab. Apha yaye sasikwazi ukubona ukufana kunye iimoto American ukusuka umvuni.

Apha Ingongoma kukuba eSoviet Union thile ukuthethana ukuthenga kwi US kupapashwa ukulungiselela ukuveliswa amanye amacandelo matshini. Ukongeza kule ndlwana, i "uHero Socialist Labor" ukusuka baseMerika kuphinda babe nto. Yonke enye into njengelifa ivela ukhokho wayo - ZIS-15.

1945 obalulekileyo kwimbali kulo matshini yinto yokuba lo nyaka bekubonakalisiwe kuqala ababukeli. Yaba prototype, leyo kuboniswa mboniso mveliso.

Yabahamba emva restyling

Ngemva elorini entsha iye metal ngokupheleleyo. uphahla kunye umva eludongeni zigqunyiwe, panel yayo ngaphambili une usambathisa thermal.

Njengoko izibuko in iimoto kuqala kwi mveliso usebenzisa iglasi ntathu leyo hlukile inwebu celluloid. Noko ke, amava iye yabonisa ukuba propathi ukuba kuphelelwa kunye flake ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu kunye kwezulu. Yiyo loo nto ngowe-1953 baqalisa ukusebenzisa iglasi yaphazamiseka. Lubonakala ngamandla aphezulu yaye akasoze delaminate.

Le wiper ifestile ofakelwe. Wasebenzisa ukusebenza kuba umoya. drive yakhe aqhagamshelwe kwindlela wayaphula. Ukuze siyivule, umqhubi kwakufuneka ukutshintsha inkqubo yolawulo liqhina okhethekileyo. Oku ashukumisa iibhrashi ezimbini. Xa ukutshintsha intloko akwazi ukutshintsha indlela brush. Le ndlela uye waba azisebenzisele ekhethekileyo ekuvumela ukuba usebenzise iibhrashi umsebenzi ngesandla uze uthabathe kubo ekupheleni sikhundla.

Ngemoto ZIS-150 uhlelo yokuqala wiper ezimbini. Kwakhona yaba nabalawuli ezimbini, leyo zingabandakanywa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Kuba yokwaneka Kwisiqingatha sesibini iglasi wafumana ithuba ukuvula. Kwakhona, ngaphambi kokuba iglasi kube kuleyo okhethekileyo. Uphahla, Nathi kuvulelwa. Ukuze wenze oku, iinjineli ziye zenza usiba okhethekileyo agubungele umoya aqandusele.

dashboard

Njengoko dashboard kusetyenziswa imbasa omnye, nto leyo idibanisa izalathisi ezininzi, yokulinganisa ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zolawulo. Xa iziko ungabona isantya kunye odometer.

De 1953 esele kwideshbhodi yayimi kwithemometha ebonisa ubushushu njengesipholisi. Ekunene - kwizalathisi level amafutha. Isalathisi ebonisa umqadi engundoqo phezu kwisikali isantya.

platform

ZIS-150 yayakhelwe kwiqonga elenziwe ngamaplanga enezinto. ubude bayo 3540 mm ububanzi 250 mm. Ilayisha ubude 1320 mm. naye 584 mm ukuphakama kwiBhodi.

Ibhodi phambi kumisiwe ngokusebenzisa ezikhaphukhaphu ezintathu, eyayibanjelwe yi engile emibini efakwe kwisakhelo. Icala iindonga evenini lokusila kwiihenjisi. Ukunciphisa amathuba ehle, ababhekisi phambili baye eyomelezile imivalo ecaleni.

Emacaleni yanamathela kwiihenjisi ezintathu. Lock baba Espagnolette umgaqo. Kwaba lula ukuba unxulumanise umthwalo imivalo emnqamlezweni Amabhaxa ezizodwa.

Kwinxalenye lasekunene iqonga yaba ibhokisi eyodwa apho umqhubi uyakwazi ukugcina izixhobo ezinzima, okanye nasiphi na isixhobo indlela.

Kwisisu semoto iqulathe ngemiqadi ezimbini longitudinal anantlanu ezinqamlezayo, ezo nto zibambene nayo kunye yamasango. Ngaphezu yamasango Ndozikrazula ebanjwa. Njengoko Iinjineli isisu semoto wasebenzisa isizukulwana lokugqibela - imodeli 15-th.

iinjini

ZIS-150 model baxhotyiswe iyunithi enye njenge-series-5, yaye ke 15. Xa LAYBRARI 101,6 mm le injini lakhe પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi waba umthamo neelitha 5.5. Ngo-1950, emva kokuba izinto ukulungiswa kunye nofakelo ngomxube yezibaso entsha esuka isiBeki kumsinga ukuwa, ngokunjalo izinto eziphindaphindiweyo entsha ngokupheleleyo ugwebu kukwazi ukunyusa umlinganiselo ucinezelo - umthamo wayo landile ukuya 95 eelitha. a.

Kolu thotho yokuqala, kuba imoto yayo yonke iimpawu waba kakhulu engxakini enkulu. shaft Long driveline waba buthathaka amandla umda, yaye ebaluleke kakhulu inani yeenguqu. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni xa uqhuba longele inani revolutions lwalulude kakhulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko ukhuseleko. ikhefu shaft Cardan. Ngelo xesha wazisa azisalungiseki brake actuator - imoto kwakunzima gqitha ukuba ayeke. Ukuhlola meko, iingcali akukho ndlela yimbi, njengoko amandla ukunciphisa isantya ukuya 2400 Rev / min.

transmission

Nale injini wayesebenza gearbox isantya ezintlanu-, kwakunye clutch kabini-disk. Le bhokisi likwanezindlu wagaleleka transmission disc. Kwimeko Transfer yayiba emigodini ezintathu.

ZIS-150: Ukucacisa

Asi - 4 x 2. Le ubunzima bomthwalo le moto 4 ubunzima m Machine yaba 3.900 kg .. Wamavili - 4000 mm. ukucoca Ground - 265 mm. Kwesona santya siphezulu aokusetyenziswa kule moto kwi-65 km / h, ngoxa yayisebenza kakuhle. amafutha lalimalunga 38 iilitha / 100 km. Le modeli nge tanki elizeleyo linokugubungela umgama we-4000 km. CAT - kwisantya ezintlanu-, kunye nezixhobo sesihlanu kwaye uqhu-.

Steering yaba umbungu globoid kunye trehgrebnevym roller. Inkqubo brake iqulathe iziqhoboshi igubu. iziqhoboshi womoya drive kwaba. Inkqubo zokumiswa - entwasahlobo uhlobo ngasemva. Ngasemva, imithombo ezimbini ezongezelelweyo zafakelwa.

ubomi obufutshane

Lo matshini steel eSoviet ZIS-150 waba ngokufutshane Olympus eziphezulu. It ethatyathwe kwimveliso ngo-1957. Kodwa ezininzi iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo ziye zakhiwa ngokusekelwe kule modeli. Kuba sonke xesha wavelisa malunga 827 lamawaka. Le iilori. Ezi zimoto zinokusetyenziswa ukubuyisela uqoqosho kazwelonke. Kuye kwafakwa i-ZIL-164, nto leyo phantse yaba efanayo kubume kunye noyilo.

Nangona yokuba eSoviet Union imveliso kumazwe ezityikitywe, e-China kunye nezinye yavelisa ZIS-150, ukuzoba la mazwe zaba phantsi mvume. Production sele sisungulwe eRomania, yaye China kuyo wayengomnye iilori athandwa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, asifumananga ingakumbi eSoviet ZIS 150.