Ettli Klement - ngumpolitiki odumileyo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Attlee klemenet: imigaqo-nkqubo yangaphakathi nangaphandle

Ettli Klement igqalwa enye abalungiseleli ezinkulu yinkulumbuso kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Nangona yokuba ekule Labour Party, waba nolwalamano oluhle Churchill (nenkokeli Conservative). Yaye ummeli omnye ngaphezulu babebambelele, uMargaret Thatcher, kwakusoloko fan yakhe.

ngeminyaka

Ettli Klement wazalwa ngomhla 03/01/1883 eLondon. UYise-nkqubo wayesebenza ngaphambili kwikhono lezomthetho. Ngowe-1904, inkulumbuso elizayo izidanga kwiYunivesithi Oxford kwi zobungcali "Contemporary History". Kamva, waphumelela Faculty of Law.

Attlee waqalisa ukusebenza nabantwana. Itshintshe kakhulu imbono yakhe. Walitshintsha iimbono zakhe, ukusuka babebambelele kwi Socialist. Xa eneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu, waba lilungu le-Independent Labour Party.

Imisebenzi Attlee:

• unobhala Beatrice Webb;
• afundiswe School of Economics (London);
• Wayesilwa umkhosi (World);
• usodolophu wesithili kamasipala.

umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Ngokutsho iziphumo ukhetho ukuba kwenzeka ngo-1922, Ettli Klement waba lilungu leNdlu of Commons. MP waba lweli Macdonald. Waba unobhala yasepalamente kunye naye. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, wangena nokwakhiwa karhulumente njengoko uSekela Mphathiswa of War.

Attlee wayengekho phakathi kwabo abaxhasa ugwayimbo jikelele, esenzeka ngowe-1926. Akazange avume ukuze usebenzise inkqubo logwayimbo. Ngowe-1927, inkulumbuso elizayo wasebenza iKomishoni, nto leyo uhlola imeko e India ngenjongo yokuba urhulumente lizwe kunokwenzeka.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, wabuyela imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente. I MP wamiselwa Chancellor (Lancaster). Ngeli xesha, uClement lwadanisa kwimisebenzi Macdonald. Emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli unyulo, waba phakathi abambalwa ababesele kwiPalamente ukusuka Labour Party. Attlee waba isekela George Lansbury - inkokeli yabo.

Ngeli xesha kakhulu umfazi kakubi ibamba, ngoko kukho umbuzo malunga indlela kude kwezopolitiko. Attlee ukugcina nokuphucula indawo yayo zemali, umvuzo owongezelelweyo labelwa kuye.

weqembu

Nokuba kule minyaka 1933-1934 Ettli Klement ixesha abanye ababekhonza njengentloko Labour Party xa Lansbury ukuba isazama yokwenzakala. Waba inkokeli ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo ngo-1935. Isithuba sikhundla de th 1955.

Okokuqala ngqa, inkokeli lezeMisebenzi akazange abone ubunzulu kwi isisongelo evela banqande eJamani. Yena wayechasa ukuchitha imali ekuphuculweni lizwe. Ngo-1937, indawo ngalo mba kwi-Labour Party utshintshile. Baqalisa ukwenza nxamnye nkqubo zikhuthazwe Prime Minister Chamberlain ilele njengombingelelo.

Ngowe-1940, waba yinxalenye urhulumente umfelandawonye ka Churchill. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva Attlee wayifumana isithuba ngusekela mongameli. Churchill inkxaso imigaqo ngokumalunga i-United Kingdom waqhubeka ukuxhathisa, nangona ukuthula yaseFransi.

inkokeli yabasebenzi wafuna ukulondoloza imbumba de Japan wanikezela kwaye imfazwe akayi iphele. Kodwa ke, emininzi amalungu ANC baqalisa ukuba kufunwe konyulo. Churchill, nayo, wayeqinisekile ukuthandwa kwakhe phakathi kwabantu, benjenjalo ukumemeza unyulo ukwenza ntoni ehlotyeni ka 1945.

Babebambelele wayenethemba ukuxhasa abantu umlungiseleli wakhe yinkulumbuso. Nangona Labour kwenziwe inkqubo yaphambi konyulo apho urhulumente wathembisa ukwenza uluntu bobusoshiyali. Unyulo ebibanjwe ngonyaka 07/05/1945. Attlee iqela okokuqala kwimbali, iphumelele uninzi ngokupheleleyo. Bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiNdlu of Commons izihlalo 393. Ngenxa yalo yezopolitiko ivuso waphumelela Churchill waza wathabatha isithuba sokuba yinkulumbuso.

esentloko

Premiership Attlee zenzeka ngexesha kwakhona anzima, kwakunye ekuqaleni ekuthiwa-Cold War. Yiyiphi indawo wathabatha Klement Ettli? Umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle of Great Britain kule minyaka kuye kwanikelwa ingqalelo US.

Iintshukumo ephambili ngurhulumente kwibala ehlabathini:

• ukuphunyezwa "iSicwangciso Marshall";
• nokudalwa NATO;
• ukuqhuba le mfazwe Malaya;
• inxaxheba avuselele ungquzulwano phakathi amaNdiya, Arabhu amaSirayeli;
• enika inkululeko ku India.

Kumgaqo ekhaya, inkulumbuso bafuna ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphila zabasebenzi. Ukuze benze oku, eli lizwe abandakanyeke iinguqulelo zentlalo, abantu banikwa imisebenzi. State of the kumashishini uhulumeni, ezifana Bank of England, umzila kaloliwe, amanye amashishini, eyama.

Klement Ettli, umgaqo basekhaya langaphandle kwaxutyushwa, waba ngumlungiseleli lokuqala yinkulumbuso Labour Party, wenza indlela yakhe ngexesha lakhe ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Emva konyulo lwesizwe luka-1951 i-Labour Party kwafuneka ancame post yakhe Churchill. Ngowe-1955, lo mgaqo-nkqubo wanikwa peerage amafa.

Wafa Klement Ettli, umgaqo-nkqubo wakhe yayijoliswe ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko loluntu zabokudidi oluphangelayo, 10.8.1967, eLondon.