Euro - lwemali European Union. Imbali le khosi. Ukuqaliswa lwemali

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kummandla kumazwe elinethoba aseYurophu usebenzise euro njengoko imali yayo esemthethweni. Olu lwemali ngafakwa yasasazwa kumazwe Obumbe ukwakha jikelele kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho - European Union (EU). Kula mazwe imali esemthethweni-euro kuphela. Imbali loo lwemali xa kuthelekiswa namanye amanqaku ebhankini uyazi nangamathuba ezinzileyo kunye nokungazinzi amanqaku.

Imbali euro

Phambi kokuba nokudalwa EU ukuhlanganiswa umbutho, chaza ngamnye yaseYurophu ngokwayo kuthwalelwa phandle ukukhutshwa kwemali kwaye amisele ikhondo imali yayo. Le nkqubo kakhulu kangako intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe kunye nokusebenza ebalwe yenziwe ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Kwase le lwemali waba ECU (eng. Currency yaseYurophu Unit, ECU), eyasetyenziswa kwisithuba ukususela 1979 ukuya 1998. Kule mali iye inxaxheba kwinkqubo zokuhlala kwifomu non-cash, kwaye esetyenziswa kunikezelo iibhondi kanondyebo kunye izitropu.

Ukususela ngo-1999 ukuya ngo-2002 kwi-European Community ibe ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye lwemali kazwelonke kunye eqhelekileyo lwemali, euro, indlela imbali leyo busuka emva Januwari 1999. Ukususela ngoFebruwari 2002 kummandla amazwe aseYurophu izixhobo intlawulo kuphela kuba kowethu. Imbali ke, umba engamaphepha kunye zemali ukususela ngelo xesha baba phakathi kobuchule i-European Central Bank. La mazwe ekuqaleni baphathwe Germany, France, Italy, Austria kunye Netherlands. Ukongeza, le hlobo entsha zisuka yasasazwa Portugal, Belgium, Spain, Ireland, Luxembourg eFinland.

Amanye amazwe Union European ithuba lokuya izibalo kwi lwemali kamva. Ukuze benze oku, kwakufuneka ukuzalisekisa imiqathango yesivumelwano Maastricht. The States Baltic baba phakathi yokugqibela ibandakanywe nokusetyenziswa kwindawo lwemali. Ngenxa yoko, Estonia iye yaqaliswa ngo-2011, Latvia ngowe-2014 no Lithuania ngo-2015. Ngomhla kummandla kumazwe afana ngokunjalo eSipro Malta, Slovakia neSlovenia, Greece,-euro waqalisa ukuba isetyenziswe kancinane ngaphambili.

Imbali euro ngokuchasene engange Russian

Izinga eliphezulu euro kwimbali yonke kwakubhalwe January 22, 2016. Ngale mini kuchaphulo olu ngokunxulumene engange Russian baba 1 ukuya 91,1814. Imbali euro kunye engange na ixesha lozinzo isalamane. Umzekelo, ngo-Oktobha 28, 2008, ezi izicaphulo aba kwinqanaba 1 ukuya 34.0844. Eli lelona zinga liphantsi euro ngokuchasene engange Russian kwimbali. Umlinganiselo avareji ye-euro engange Russian yi-1 ukuya 46,6238 ngexesha kwixesha elinikiweyo.

Ukuqaliswa ngokusesikweni euro yasasazwa

Ukuphehlelelwa euro yasasazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa Kwenzeka ngezigaba. Ngoko ke, kuqala imali yaqaliswa ngeentlawulo ikheshi kwaye kuphela kamva wathabatha umba amanqaku amaphepha kunye zemali netyhidiweyo.

Usuku esemthethweni ekuqalekeni ukusetyenziswa lwemali kuthathwa ngomhla wokuqala ka-1999. NgoJanuwari 1 ezinzulwini zobusuku yaseYurophu ilungu ixesha ithi le-European Economic and Monetary Union, okanye EMU, watshintshela kwi-mali omtsha jikelele - euro. Imbali loo lwemali iqala ngawo lo mzuzu.

yamaphepha esizwe ithi ezibe yinxalenye manyano ikhankanywe apha ngasentla ibihleli ebotshelelwe euro, elaba izixhobo intlawulo elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha, imali entsha , kunye yamaphepha esizwe zasetyenziswa ngaxeshanye. I yokuqala urhwebo lwemali ezibandakanya euro zabanjwa ngoJanuwari 4, 1999.

Quotes of kwemali kunye euro ukuba ukuguqulwa

Ngexesha ifandesi belucwangcisiwe ku sengqondo ezinye kwemali kwicandelo olutsha lawulo wemali. Ngoko ke, zokutshintshwa Euro enye liqikelelwa kwi-1,956 DM, 6,660 FRF fim 5,946, 0,788 neekhilogram Irish. Ukongeza, kuchaphulo olu wenza ithelekiswa neemali zamanye amazwe: 1 € = 1936,21 lire, 1 € = 166,39 pesetas, 1 € = 200,48 escudos Portuguese, 1 € = 40,34 franc Belgian kunye Luxembourg, 1 € = 2.204 guilder Dutch kunye 1 € = 13.760 schillings Austria.

indlela imbali Euro leyo iminyaka emininzi uzinzile nxamnye zezimali ezinkulu ehlabathini, ukulahlekelwa emhlabeni kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Namhlanje kukho umkhwa ukomeleza US dollar ngokuchasene lwemali yaseYurophu.