Farm - yintoni na le nto? ukwakhiwa isakhiwo

Intsingiselo uqhelekileyo elithi "efama" - lwamashishini ezolimo, wayefuna yemfuyo. Kodwa ngoku akukho malunga indawo yokwenza kwifama part-time. Oku kuquka ulwazi malunga kusenokwenzeka isakhiwo endala isakhiwo, nto leyo ezifanelekileyo kubomi banamhlanje. Lisetyenziswa kwi yokwakha, ingakumbi ekwakhiweni iibhulorho, kunye namaziko ezemidlalo.

Farm - inkqubo equka kwizinti, kuhleliyo geometrically ayitshintshanga xa ukutshintsha iindibano zayo lomnyango ngqwabalala. Ukuze kube isicelo kwakhona imiqadi truss, apho zimelwe yindibanisela emibini okanye emithathu-kweminwe umqadi awonke kunye enesiqu zokutsalwa kwimithwalo.

ukusebenzisa phi?

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kwisakhiwo kwifama yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoncedo yabakhi lula ulwakhiwo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa izinto ezifunekayo. Ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa ifama na ulwakhiwo epheleleyo iibhulorho, amabala, hangars, kwakunye ezokuhombisa, ezifana iiholo, zigaba kunye podiums njl

Xa eyila inqanawa igobhogobho, moya, kaloliwe amandla ubalo lwenzeka ngendlela efanayo njengoko umthwalo ukubala efama.

ngezigaba

Farm - isakhiwo eliquka kweentonga ezo amaqhina oqhagamshelwano komse-, yaye inkqubo statically umi. Iifama Classification ingaqhuba ngokokuhamba ezininzi iipropati.

Kwi-umsebenzi wokwakha

• Emiphungeni. Bona odnostenchatoe-icandelo isetshenziswe. iifama Ukukhanya bavame esetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha.
• Enzima. kwifama Heavy zisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo milenge inqaba, amabala ezemidlalo, njl Basebenzisa iintonga licandelo kuyantsonkotha emiphungeni. Ludla luqulathe izahlulo ezibini okanye ezithathu ngenxa yobude enkulu olusebenzayo kwaye linika phezu kwazo umthwalo. Eli candelo dvuhstenchatoe ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo rhoqo moya-ezimbini conjugation focal.

Ngokubanzi,

• Ngesivumelwano. Ngesivumelwano ifama kukho ezinde, iibhulorho, milenge, yophahla, izakhiwo axhasayo, njl
• Xa uhlobo eziphathekayo. Wood, intsimbi, i-aluminiyamu, eziphathekayo, njl - konke oku kwenziwa ngokwakha ifama. Oku luncedo ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo. Unako kwakhona ukudibanisa iindidi ezininzi eziphathekayo.
• Ngokutsho design okhethekileyo. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo cross-candelo, iintlobo ngeentlobo emkhusaneni kwezitraksha zenkxaso, kwakunye neentlobo imimandla isakhiwo zokwakha efama.

Rhoqo lwesithuba

• Flat. Farm thatha umthwalo nkqo ukususela x iintonga zilungiswe ngayo moya mnye.
• Spatial. Sasaza umthwalo phezu kwindawo yayo yonke. Space truss yakheke ukuba nobuninzi izixhaso tyaba bebandakanyiwe ngeendlela ezizodwa.

ngokohlobo

• ibhulorho Vierendeel.
• UWarren Farm.
• Farm Pratt.
• Farm Bohlmann.
• Farm Finca.
• truss unxantathu.
• Kingpost.
• Farm kunye braces emnqamlezweni.
• Ngekroba design yasezidolophini.
• Farm phantsi ukukhanya phezulu.

Iimpawu design

Ukuhlelwa iimpawu zoyilo wasefama kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ngasinye kwezi mpawu kuya kuxoxwa banzi.

sigaba iintlobo

I-cross-icandelo kwisakhiwo ifama yenziwe profiles liqengqiwe. Kusenokuba ngohlobo:

• Corner (single okanye kabini).
• Imibhobho (setyhula okanye isikwere).
• imivalo engela.
• Brand, okanye I-msebe.

iintlobo ibhanti

Kucacile ibhanti angamelwa njenge:

• Neemvumi. inzuzo yayo siyifumana yokuba olu hlobo mbhinqo ngokuqinisa ibandla isakhelo, ngokulandelelana, kunye naye, yaye kwandisa ngqongqo kwesakhiwo.
• Triangle. Olu hlobo ibhanti isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo umqadi kunye console. Kuye neengxaki ezininzi, ezifana metal emoshayo yokusebenzisa ngexesha ukusasazwa lomthwalo, ukuntsonkotha yunithi axhasayo, njl
• Parabola. Le ndawo kakhulu ixesha. Ngako oko truss ingxenye zisetyenziswa kunqabile kakhulu.
• Polygon. iifama Polygonal zisetyenziswa ngaphezu ingxenye. ngenxa ziguquka kuyilo iindawo ayikho lubonakale.
• kuliwe efa-. Amaninzi mayisetyenziselwe ukuhlawula izakhiwo mveliso. Baye iindibano zesiphaluka efanayo, izinto ngokulinganayo Ilibele ertyisi, njengoko yokuba izinto repeatable kunye iindawo.

iintlobo ngekroba

Kukho ezintandathu iintlobo ongakhetha zothango:

• Unxantathu.
• Rhombic.
• Truss.
• Phillips.
• Ungasuki.
• Poluraskosaya.

neentlobo zenkxaso

Kukho 5 iintlobo zezakhiwo inkxaso. Ukuze ukhethe indawo yesalathisi, kufuneka ukwazi scheme ukubala. Kuxhomekeke kulo, ukuba esiludumbo reference sicaciswa ziqinile. Neentlobo zenkxaso:

• Nomqadi okanye cantilever.
• Arch.
• Cable-bahlala.
• Frame.
• Luhlangene.

isimiso ukusebenza

Ukohluka yale yoyilo ilele "lecebo" phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zangaphandle. Umthwalo kwinkqubo mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Farm imele nobuninzi emanyeneyo kwesinye isakhiwo oonxantathu. Ukulayisha kubo ucukene endaweni iindawo connection, njengoko imivalo ukubonisa ngcono iimpawu zabo inkqubo ucinezelo-ukungakhululeki, kunokuba zaphuka. Xa zokwakha mihla badla ukusebenzisa ngqwabalala, hayi ukujikajika iintonga. Kulo kulandela ukuba xa eyahlula enye kuwo isakhiwo yonke bahlala kwindawo lingatshintshanga xa kuthelekiswa namanye.

Isiseko iifama ngokusika iikona

Le ndlela yokubala basefama ilula. Le ndlela iya kufundiswa kwizikolo ezininzi zobugcisa.

Farm - le uyilo, umthwalo leyo buzinze kwiindawo zawo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubala zonke izinto zangaphandle eziya kuba ngumthwalo phezu units. Emva koko - ukubala ukuxhasa indlela nokuba ukufumana indawo apho kukho intonga ziqhotyoshelweyo kubo ngenkani. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukwahlula abaseleyo efama kwaye ufumane iyunithi apho kuya kubakho ezininzi amaxabiso ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye angaziwa-2. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukudala ukulingana malunga nemigca enqamleze nokubala amaxabiso ezingaziwayo. Ngokufanayo ukwaba esiludumbo elilandelayo, njalo njalo de truss akayi kubalwa.

Eyona engundoqo iintlobo zeefama

• ibhulorho Vierendeel - inkqubo apho zonke iinxalenye zayo ukwenza imingxunyana uxande ngaloo idityaniswe kwisakhelo ziqinile. Kuyinto ngabaqambi okungalungelaniyo elithi "efama" olungqongqo ngenxa kulo ukuba umqadi akukho iperi yomkhosi. It yaphuhliswa yi injineli Belgian Arthur Vierendeel. kodwa ngenxa lo design omkhulu ngokwaneleyo, inqabile ukufumana bokwakha mihla.

• UWarren Farm. Olu luguqulelo lula yoyilo Pratt Hove. Isebenza kuzo kumgaqo ucinezelo-akhululeke. Amaninzi ezenziwe ngentsimbi liqengqiwe.
• Farm Pratt. Lomenzi wechiza ukuba esi sibonelelo bobabo uyise nonyana ka-eBoston. UKalebhi Pratt noTomas Wilson le iinjineli ezimbini. Basebenzisa icala elifutshane ngokuthe nkqo welula - tye. Ngoko ke, lo umthwalo isasazwa kakuhle ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu, ngezantsi.
• Farm Bohlmann has isakhiwo kunokuba nzima kwaye alale. udumo lwakhe eUnited States, esi sakhiwo ngenxa yemfaneleko ezopolitiko boMdali wayo. Umsunguli wathetha lukhulu malunga ifama, nokuba akukho kuyinyaniso. Bohlmann wakwazi ukukhuthaza wokusungula ngoncedo kurhulumente US, nto leyo maxa wambi eye ngenkani Abacwangcisi isixeko sebenzisa oku uyilo Xa uziyilela kwo. Phakathi abanini wokwakha amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza basezifama, kukho uninzi abakhaya bethu, kodwa akukho 'Russian "wasefama ukuba wonyuselwa kwinginginya njengendlela yokuqala.
• Finn Farm luguqulelo lula Bollman truss. Nje asisifutshane zonke izinto zayo ngaloo ndlela kube yimpumelelo ngakumbi. Kwakhona ngayo ezifanayo kunye uyilo Pratt truss. Yohluka ukusuka kuphela xa ingekho umqadi asezantsi.
• truss unxantathu. "Belgian" njengoko kuthiwa. It is a uyilo lwangoku, nto leyo inikwa ngohlobo zoonxantathu kunye Sprengel.
• Kingpost - ukhetho ifama ilula. It is a iperi imilenze ebambe umqadi nkqo.
• isakhiwo Ethmoid ezidolophini wadalwa ukubuyisela ibhulorho omkhulu ngamaplanga. Kuyinto elula kuyilo yayo. Ngokuba ukusetyenziswa neeplanga zayo eqhelekileyo ngamaplanga, adjoint omnye komnye kwi-engile leyo, nayo, ibe ngekroba.